数字化工厂建设应具备的三项标志关键技术分别是建模技术、仿真技术、单一数据源技术。

1）建模技术：

数字化工厂最大的特点就是产品设计和生产均可在数字化空间中虚拟进行，这样不仅可以对产品设计可行性进行仿真验证，还可以对新产品进行可制造性和制造成本提前预估分析。要实现上述功能首先要建立基于模型定义技术（MBD技术）的各种要素的数字化模型，本文在蔡敏等提出的6类模型基础上将数字化工厂各种要素模型按功能分为产品设计、工厂布局、工艺规划、生产仿真、虚拟装配、试验验证和能量管理等7个部分。

2）仿真技术：

仿真优化是数字化工厂的价值核心，根据建立的数字化模型和仿真系统给出的仿真结果及各种预测数据，分析数字化工厂中可能出现的各种问题和潜在的优化方案，进而优化产品设计和生产过程。在数字化工厂制造过程中，仿真技术应用主要包括：面向产品设计的仿真包括产品的静态和动态性能；面向制造过程的仿真包括加工过程仿真、装配过程仿真和检测过程仿真等；面向企业其他环节的仿真包括制造管理过程仿真、以及工厂/车间布局、生产线布局仿真等。

3）单一数据源技术：

在产品的全生命周期中，存在着不同部门和用途的各种数据文件清单（BOM），单一数据源思想是将不同的数据经过精心组织形成一个逻辑上的单一的数据源，并建立严格的约束，从而有效解决不同部门之间数据冗余和数据不一致的问题。在产品全生命周期中，根据数据产生的阶段和部门不同可以分为设计BOM、工艺BOM、制造BOM、采购BOM、销售BOM、服务BOM等各种数据，每种数据BOM是由产品类型、应用领域和产品的生命周期唯一确定的，其中设计BOM属于最原始的BOM文件，可视为产品的单一数据源，它凝结了产品设计工程师的创造性工作，其他各种BOM都是在它的基础上结合其应用领域的信息转换而来的。

翻译：

What are the three key technologies that digital factory construction should have?

The three key technologies of digital factory construction are modeling technology, simulation technology and single data source technology.

1) Modeling technology:

The biggest feature of the digital factory is that product design and production can be carried out virtually in the digital space, so that not only the feasibility of product design can be simulated and verified, but also the manufacturability and manufacturing cost of new products can be estimated in advance. In order to realize the above functions, a digital model of various elements based on model definition technology (MBD technology) should be established first. Based on the six types of models proposed by CAI Min et al., the various elements of the digital factory model are divided into seven parts according to their functions, including product design, factory layout, process planning, production simulation, virtual assembly, test verification and energy management.

2) Simulation technology:

Simulation optimization is the core value of the digital factory. According to the simulation results and various predictive data given by the established digital model and simulation system, various problems and potential optimization schemes that may occur in the digital factory are analyzed to optimize the product design and production process. In the process of digital factory manufacturing, the application of simulation technology mainly includes: the simulation for product design includes the static and dynamic performance of the product; Manufacturing process oriented simulation includes machining process simulation, assembly process simulation and testing process simulation. Simulation for other aspects of the enterprise includes manufacturing management process simulation. As well as factory/workshop layout, production line layout simulation, etc.

3) Single data source technology:

In the whole life cycle of a product, there are various data file lists (Boms) for different departments and purposes. The idea of single data source is to carefully organize different data into a single logical data source, and establish strict constraints. So as to effectively solve the problem of data redundancy and data inconsistency between different departments. In the whole life cycle of the product, according to the different stages and departments of data generation. It can be divided into design BOM, process BOM, manufacturing BOM, procurement BOM, sales BOM, service BOM and other data.

Each data BOM is uniquely determined by the product type, application field and product life cycle. And design BOM is the most original BOM file. It can be regarded as a single data source of the product, which condenses the creative work of the product design engineer. And other kinds of BOM are based on it combined with the information of its application field.