数字化转型网人工智能专题
人工智能专题栏目文章（四）：人工智能的三大短板、应对人工智能威胁的3R法则。翻译：
The three shortcomings of artificial intelligence and the 3R law to deal with the threat of artificial intelligence
1. The three shortcomings of artificial intelligence
Kaifu Lee, founder of Innovation Works, said that there are three major shortcomings of AI, and even by 2042, AI may still not be able to fully grasp these capabilities, including:
First, the shortcomings of artificial intelligence: creativity. AI does not have the ability to create, conceive, and plan strategically. It is unable to choose its goals, to conceive across disciplines, to think creatively, and to have common sense that is self-evident to humans.
Second, the shortcomings of artificial intelligence: empathy. AI does not have the feeling of “empathy” such as “sympathy” and “care”, and cannot achieve real interaction with humans in terms of emotion, and cannot bring care to others.
Third, the shortcomings of artificial intelligence: dexterity. AI and robotics cannot perform some precise and complex physical tasks, such as dexterous hand-eye coordination. In addition, AI also struggles to cope well with unknown or unstructured Spaces.
2. Three R’s for dealing with AI threats
In February 2023, Kaifu Lee, founder of Innovation Works, published a “debate on ChatGPT” on Weibo. He first listed 20 jobs that AI could easily replace, then analyzed the three major shortcomings of AI, and finally gave three survival strategies for the post-ChatGPT era, namely, Relearn; Recalibrate quadratic definition; The second Renaissance.
Kai-fu Lee said: “In the book AI Future Progress, I give three survival strategies through stories and explanations, which are referred to as the three R’s in English: Relearn second learning, Recalibrate second definition, Renaissance second Renaissance.”
（1）Relearn
Raise the alarm now, wake up people on the edge of the unemployment cliff, and encourage them to take initiative and relearn.
The good news is that there are a lot of human jobs that AI is not capable of doing, especially those that require creativity, complex craftsmanship, social skills, and rely on humans to operate AI tools. We advocate that people actively engage in secondary learning to acquire (new) skills for such jobs and prepare for new work scenarios in the new AI economy.
Vocational training institutions need to quickly redesign their curricula to include training subjects for sustainable employment in the AI era: governments can provide incentives and subsidies for such training; Companies can use programs similar to Amazon’s Career Choice program to set up special funds to fund employees to participate in career reengineering training programs, and help employees apply for professional licenses such as aircraft maintenance technicians, computer-aided designers, and medical care professionals.
It is worth noting that with the growth of wealth and longevity, people-centered service work will become a rigid demand of society, its importance and demand will rise, for example, the World Health Organization predicts that to achieve the United Nations “good health and well-being for all” the sustainable development goal, the global demand for health care workers will be up to 18 million people. In the past, this kind of caring occupation has not been valued in the society, and the salary is generally low, but in the future, these “people-oriented” occupations will become the cornerstone of the operation of the new AI economy, and it is worth more people to consider investing in them through secondary learning.
In order to further reduce the imbalance between supply and demand for human resources, we can even consider adjusting the current “volunteer service” type of work to full-time salary jobs, such as blood donation center service personnel, foster care providers, summer camp teachers, psychological counselors, etc., including some adults who have to leave the workforce to care for elderly family members.
In addition, it is foreseeable that once the era of automation arrives, the society will need a large number of volunteers to provide hotline counseling for unemployed people, help them solve the doubts and difficulties encountered in the process of workplace transformation, relieve psychological pressure, and avoid the occurrence of social problems caused by unemployment to the maximum extent. These volunteers should also receive reasonable pay and social recognition.
（2）Recalibrate quadratic definition
In addition to re-learning vocational skills, we also need to combine various AI tools to re-adjust the “human-machine collaboration” mode of work. As a result, we need to redefine how many professions work, and even what they do.
The information revolution has completely changed the way people work in just a few decades, and the use of various software on the computer is now a common man-machine collaboration mode. In the era of AI, all walks of life will “evolve” in a more intelligent direction :AI can calculate the sand table inference results under different conditions, can calculate the mass data, and quantify the optimal solution of the work task can help different industries optimize the work flow and complete the daily repetitive affairs.
I believe that it is difficult to emerge a single general-purpose AI tool, we must provide specific problem-solving applications for each industry, so that tasks such as drug molecular research and development, marketing advertising planning, news information verification, etc., can be achieved by highly customized AI tools.
When we have a second definition of some occupations, fully combining the “people-oriented” human characteristics and the technical advantages of AI that is good at optimization, many jobs will be reshaped, and many new positions will be created.
In human-machine collaboration in the era of AI, AI and human beings have a reasonable division of labor and develop their strengths, and AI can both intelligently and efficiently undertake a variety of repetitive tasks. Therefore, human practitioners can spend more time on humanistic work that requires warmth, creativity and strategy, resulting in a cooperation effect of 1+1>2.
For example, when people are sick, the most trusted doctor is still a human doctor, because doctors can use professional AI medical diagnostic tools to quickly and accurately set the best treatment plan for patients, so they can spare plenty of time and patients to deeply discuss the condition to soothe their hearts, and the professional role of doctors will be defined as “caring doctors” for the second time.
Just as the mobile Internet has given birth to the occupations of Didi drivers and Meituan brothers, the rise of AI has also created many new occupations, and there are already AI engineers, data scientists, data taggers, robot repairmen and so on. We should always pay attention to the emerging professions emerging in the process of AI’s new economy, ensure timely grasp of employment conditions, and pay attention to relevant vocational skills training.
（3）Eg. The second Renaissance
With the right training and the right tools, we can expect another “Renaissance” – a new peak of human passion, creativity, and humanity enabled by AI.
In Chinese history, there are famous Tang poems, Song poems and Yuan songs, while the European Renaissance gave birth to brilliant literature, musical architecture and sculpture, which are still celebrated hundreds of years later. So, what kind of humanistic Renaissance will the new AI economy inspire?
AI visual tools will be the right hand of painting, sculpture and photography artists to create and improve their work according to their instructions. AI text tools can assist novelists, poets, and journalists to inject new inspiration into their writing. AI can help teachers grade homework and test papers, so that teachers can save time and energy to design new courseware, so as to stimulate students’ curiosity and creativity, and cultivate students’ critical thinking. It can help teachers deliver standardized knowledge (information) in the classroom, allowing teachers to spend more time on personalized interactions with students, so that they can become educators in the AI era.
