“从原料保障角度分析，加上大力发展氢冶金直接还原铁，到2035年我国基本实现现代化（二十大提出的第一步战略目标）时，国内电炉钢产能将达到4亿吨，电炉炼钢占比将达到30%以上。”5月5日，中国钢铁工业协会副会长骆铁军在全国电炉短流程炼钢推进大会上讲话时预测道。
他介绍，《工业领域碳达峰实施方案》提出，到2025年我国电炉钢产量占粗钢总产量比例提升至15%以上，到2030年占比达20%以上。然而，2022年，我国电炉钢产量占粗钢总产量比重仅为9.7%，远低于30%的世界平均水平。“据判断，我国废钢的快速产出期可能将在2030年左右，这就决定了我国长流程比例长期高于短流程。”他表示。
“‘双碳’目标的提出必将促进我国电炉钢的快速发展。”骆铁军认为，电炉炼钢具有投资省、建设周期短、生产组织灵活、节能降碳效果明显等优势，发展短流程炼钢是实现低碳绿色发展的必然趋势。“目前，在碳达峰、碳中和过程中，高炉-转炉和电炉在上、下半场的角色和降碳贡献不同，上半场碳总量降低要靠长流程，下半场碳中和这场大剧还得靠短流程来收场。”他说。
从产品的角度看，目前，高档板材生产仍要依靠长流程供应，但国内外下游行业纷纷提出要采购“零碳钢”或“低碳钢”，甚至明确必须是电炉冶炼。“展望未来，我国钢铁产品的高档板材可能是长流程保留一部分，大容量电炉承接一部分。”骆铁军表示，未来我国电炉炼钢在布局上将向废钢资源丰富、铁矿石资源相对紧缺、有绿电优势的区域发展。产品上将向3个方向发展：一是城市周边电炉厂以建筑钢材生产为主；二是围绕装备制造生产特殊钢和高合金钢产品；三是大容积电炉生产“近零碳”汽车板等高档板材。
从原料保障的角度看，当前短流程炼钢的主要原料废钢的利用仍存在一系列亟待解决的问题。“各方一致认为，要综合实策，理顺税收政策，取缔货票分离，培育龙头企业，创建上下游联动的产业链机制。”骆铁军表示并透露，“当前废钢期货上市也在筹划之中。为使废钢期货能更好地服务于实体经济发展，钢协正在会同大连期货商品交易所研究在废钢标准化以及产品设计方面更加合理，近期将举行钢厂和期货所之间的沟通。”
同时，他介绍，废钢放开进口两年多来，进口量一直维持在55万吨左右的水平，远远低于周边的印度、越南等国家。
“基于以上问题，钢协提出修订进口再生资源标准，现已列入国家标准委今年的修订计划，希望生态环境部、工信部给予大力支持。”骆铁军同时表示，“考虑到废钢是今后我国实现‘双碳’目标的重要战略资源，理顺废钢的政策环境将逐步重于铁矿石的份量，因此，建议国家部委建立部际协调机制，统筹研究解决电炉和废钢相关问题。”
骆铁军最后建议，对于发展电炉炼钢要把握好以下“四化”原则。一是技术科学化。电炉建设既要引进国外先进炉型，也要用好国产先进炉型，充分考虑电炉的炉机匹配，不贪大求洋。二是发展有序化。发展电炉钢要控制好节奏，有序推进，充分考虑原料的保障，鼓励逐步把长流程的转为短流程，同时转炉置换成电炉产能后，高炉产能不再允许置换。三是政策绿色化。要加快推进将碳排放考核体系在钢铁行业的实施，列入规范企业的全废钢电炉生产企业不再纳入“两高”项目管理。四是竞争公平化。要严格控制没有进行产能置换新建电炉，确保电炉建设的公平公正。
翻译：
“From the perspective of raw material security, coupled with the development of direct reduced iron in hydrogen metallurgy, by 2035 when China basically achieves modernization (the first strategic goal of the 20 National Congress), the domestic production capacity of electric furnace steel will reach 400 million tons, and electric furnace steelmaking will account for more than 30 percent of the total.” “Predicted Luo Tiejun, vice president of the China Iron and Steel Association, in a speech at the National Conference on promoting short-process electric furnace steelmaking on May 5.
He introduced the Implementation Plan of carbon peaking in the industrial sector
He introduced the Implementation Plan of carbon peaking in the industrial sector, which proposes that the proportion of electric steel output in the total crude steel output will increase to more than 15 percent by 2025, and more than 20 percent by 2030. However, in 2022, China’s electric steel output will only account for 9.7 percent of the total crude steel output, far lower than the world average of 30 percent. “It is judged that the rapid production period of Chinese steel scrap will probably be around 2030. Which determines that the proportion of long process is higher than short process.” “He said.
“The raising of ‘double carbon’ goal will promote the fast development of electric furnace steel in our country.” Luo Tiejun believes that electric furnace steelmaking has advantages such as low investment, short construction period, flexible production organization and obvious effect of energy saving and carbon reduction. The development of short process steelmaking is an inevitable trend to achieve low-carbon and green development. “At present, in the process of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality, the roles and contributions of blast-converter and electric furnace are different in the first and second half of carbon reduction. The total carbon reduction in the first half depends on a long process,]. And the carbon neutrality in the second half depends on a short process to end the big drama.” ‘he said.
From the point of view of products
From the point of view of products, at present, high-grade plate production still depends on the long process supply. But the downstream industry at home and abroad have proposed to purchase “zero carbon steel” or “low carbon steel”, and even clearly must be electric furnace smelting. “Looking to the future. The high-grade material of our iron and steel products may be the long process to retain part, large capacity electric furnace to undertake part.” In the future, China’s electric furnace steelmaking will be developed in areas with rich scrap resources, relatively scarce iron ore resources and advantages of green electricity, Luo said. The products will be developed to three directions: first, the city surrounding electric furnace plant to construction steel production. The second is to manufacture special steel and high alloy steel products around equipment. Third, large volume electric furnace production “nearly zero carbon” automobile plate and other high-grade plate.
From the perspective of raw material guarantee
From the perspective of raw material guarantee, there are still a series of problems to be solved in the utilization of scrap steel. The main raw material of short process steelmaking. “All parties agreed to take a comprehensive approach, straighten out tax policies, ban the separation of invoices, cultivate leading enterprises. And create an industrial chain mechanism linking the upstream and downstream.” Luo Tiejun said and revealed, “The current scrap futures listing is also in the planning. In order to make scrap futures better serve the development of the real economy. The association is working with the Dalian Commodity Futures Exchange to make standardization of scrap and product design more reasonable. And will hold a communication between steel mills and futures exchanges in the near future.”
At the same time, he said, the import volume of scrap steel has been maintained at about 550,000 tons for more than two years. Far lower than neighboring countries such as India and Vietnam.
“Based on the above problems, the Steel Association proposed to revise the standard for imported renewable resources. Which has been included in the revision plan of the National Standards Committee this year. We hope that the Ministry of Ecology and Environment and the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology can give strong support.” “Considering that steel scrap is an important strategic resource for the realization of our ‘double carbon’ goal in the future. The policy environment for sorting out steel scrap will gradually become more important than iron ore,” Luo said. “Therefore, it is suggested that national ministries and commissions establish an inter-ministerial coordination mechanism to comprehensively study and solve the problems related to electric furnace and steel scrap.”
Luo Tiejun finally suggested that the development of electric furnace steelmaking to grasp the following “four modernizations” principles.
First, technology is scientific. The construction of electric furnace should not only introduce foreign advanced furnace type. But also make good use of domestic advanced furnace type, give full consideration to the furnace machine matching of electric furnace, do not be greedy to seek foreign.
Second, development is orderly. The development of electric furnace steel should control the rhythm, promote in an orderly way. Fully consider the guarantee of raw materials, encourage the gradual transformation of the long process into the short process. And at the same time, after the converter is replaced into the capacity of electric furnace. The capacity of blast furnace is no longer allowed to be replaced.
Third, make our policies greener. To accelerate the implementation of the carbon emission assessment system in the iron and steel industry, complete scrap electric furnace production enterprises listed in the standard enterprises will no longer be included in the “two high” project management. Fourth, fair competition. To strictly control the construction of electric furnace without capacity replacement, to ensure the fairness and justice of electric furnace construction.
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