当前，中国云计算市场仍处于爆发式增长阶段，出现了一批包括移动云在内的云计算大公司，取得了很大进步。然而，在核心技术、生态构建、行业应用等方面仍然存在突出问题，将影响国内云计算产业持续健康发展。
首先从核心技术的角度来看，云计算的硬件技术自主可控性仍是薄弱环节。云计算作为数字化的基础设施，其自主可控程度对于设施的持续发展和安全运行具有至关重要的意义。目前中国云计算领域的自主可控取得了一定进展，但在服务器硬件和网络硬件方面仍存在较为严重的技术缺口，是影响国内云计算产业持续健康发展的核心问题。
其次从生态构建角度来看，云计算的互操作性成为影响构建同意生态和发展创新的瓶颈。云计算的互操作性指的是云计算生态系统中各个组件协同工作的能力。云计算的互操作性不足，以及由此导致的“供应链锁定”问题是全球性问题。与国外相比，中国的“供应链锁定”问题更为严重，成为影响构建云计算统一生态、阻碍云计算业务持续发展创新的瓶颈。云计算互操作性的不足会造成人们在不同云计算供应商之间的应用程序迁移，需要付出巨大的努力和投入。
再是从行业应用角度来看，公有云上行业应用类型单一是突出问题。当前，尽管中国云计算市场仍处于爆发式增长阶段，公有云市场规模在2020年达1277亿元，比2019年增85.2%。游戏、短视频、即时通讯仍然是公有云上主要的行业应用。
因此，当前公有云上行业应用类型单一仍然是突出问题，也将影响中国云计算产业持续健康发展。造成这一现象的原因，我认为以下有三点：
一是中国大型企业，特别是国有企业，大多选择建设企业私有云；
二是中国企业数字化转型仍任重道远；
三是当前中国公有云上缺少由公共数据以及数据服务牵引的行业应用。
如何有效解决上述三个问题？我提出了三点对策建议：
第一，加强信创工程的支持力度，为自主可控云技术提供提供市场空间。
第二，持续发展云计算互操作技术，推动云际互操作接口标准化，建立产业发展基金，解决云计算的互操作问题；
第三，持续激励企业数字化转型，激励国有企业使用公有云，推进建设公共科学数据云服务，丰富公有云行业应用类型。
翻译：
At present, China’s cloud computing market is still in the stage of explosive growth, and a number of large cloud computing companies, including mobile cloud, have made great progress. However, there are still outstanding problems in core technologies, ecological construction, and industry applications, which will affect the sustainable and healthy development of the domestic cloud computing industry.
First of all, from the point of view of core technology,
The autonomous controllability of cloud computing hardware technology is still a weak link. As a digital infrastructure, the degree of autonomy and controllability of cloud computing is of vital significance to the sustainable development and safe operation of the facility. At present, China’s cloud computing field has made some progress in autonomy and control, but there are still serious technical gaps in server hardware and network hardware, which is the core problem affecting the sustainable and healthy development of the domestic cloud computing industry.
Secondly, from the perspective of ecological construction,
The interoperability of cloud computing has become a bottleneck affecting the construction of consent ecology and the development of innovation. Cloud interoperability refers to the ability of the various components in the cloud ecosystem to work together. The lack of interoperability in cloud computing, and the resulting “supply chain lock-in” problem, is a global problem. Compared with foreign countries, China’s “supply chain locking” problem is more serious, which has become a bottleneck affecting the construction of a unified cloud computing ecosystem and hindering the sustainable development and innovation of cloud computing business. The lack of cloud interoperability can cause people to migrate their applications between different cloud providers, requiring significant effort and investment.
From the perspective of industry application,
The single type of industry application on the public cloud is a prominent problem. At present, although China’s cloud computing market is still in the stage of explosive growth, the public cloud market size will reach 127.7 billion yuan in 2020, an increase of 85.2% over 2019. Gaming, short video, and instant messaging remain the main industry applications on the public cloud.
Therefore, the single type of industry application on the current public cloud is still a prominent problem, which will also affect the sustainable and healthy development of China’s cloud computing industry.
I think there are three reasons for this phenomenon:
First, China’s large enterprises, especially state-owned enterprises, mostly choose to build enterprise private cloud;
Second, the digital transformation of Chinese enterprises still has a long way to go;
Third, at present, China’s public cloud lacks industry applications driven by public data and data services.
How to effectively solve the above three problems? I have put forward three suggestions:
First, strengthen the support of the Xinchuang project to provide market space for autonomous controllable cloud technology.
Second, continue to develop cloud computing interoperability technology, promote the standardization of intercloud interoperability interfaces, establish industry development funds, and solve the interoperability problems of cloud computing; The first
Third, continue to encourage the digital transformation of enterprises, encourage state-owned enterprises to use public cloud, promote the construction of public scientific data cloud services, and enrich the application types of public cloud industry.
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