数字化转型网灯塔制造专题
数字化转型网灯塔智造专题活动将涵盖灯塔工厂、黑灯工厂、未来工厂、智能工厂等，从设计规划到落地实践的全流程。并融合人工智能、数字化转型、智能制造、机器人与自动化等技术与理念，帮助中国制造业企业打通客户订单到生产的全流程，实现世界一流灯塔标杆。
导读
制造业是国民经济的主体，是立国之本、兴国之器、强国之基。十八世纪中叶开启工业文明以来，世界强国的兴衰史和中华民族的奋斗史一再证明，没有强大的制造业，就没有国家和民族的强盛。打造具有国际竞争力的制造业，是我国提升综合国力、保障国家安全、建设世界强国的必由之路。
12月28日，国家制造强国建设战略咨询委员会、中国工程院等单位联合发布《2023中国制造强国发展指数报告》（以下简称“报告”）。中国工程院院士、南京航空航天大学党委书记单忠德对2022世界主要国家制造强国发展指数情况、近三年世界主要国家制造强国发展进程、我国迈入制造强国面临的主要问题与措施建议等内容进行分析解读。
翻译：
The “2023 China Manufacturing Power Development Index Report” was released
Introduction
Manufacturing industry is the main body of the national economy, is the foundation of the country, the tool of the country and the foundation of the country. Since the beginning of industrial civilization in the mid-18th century, the history of the rise and fall of world powers and the struggle of the Chinese nation have repeatedly proved that without a strong manufacturing industry, there can be no prosperity of a country and a nation. Building a manufacturing industry with international competitiveness is the only way for China to enhance its overall national strength, safeguard national security and build a world power.
On December 28, the National Manufacturing Power Construction Strategy Advisory Committee, the Chinese Academy of Engineering and other units jointly issued the 2023 China Manufacturing Power Development Index Report (hereinafter referred to as the “Report”). Shan Zhongde, academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering and Party secretary of Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, analyzed and interpreted the development index of the world’s major manufacturing powers in 2022, the development process of the world’s major manufacturing powers in the past three years, and the main problems faced by China’s manufacturing powers and measures and suggestions.
According to reports, in 2013, China for the first time to build a manufacturing power indicator system, “China manufacturing power development index” assessment analysis of the world’s major countries manufacturing development level, for China’s manufacturing power strategy to provide quantitative reference and decision-making support. The “China Manufacturing Power Development Index” is composed of five sub-values: scale development, quality and efficiency, structure optimization, innovation and development, and sustainable development, which comprehensively reflects the strength and weakness of a country’s manufacturing industry.
China’s manufacturing power development index is stable at a high level
By constructing the manufacturing power index system, and using the index weighting method to calculate the manufacturing power composite index of nine countries, namely the United States, Germany, Japan, the United Kingdom, France, South Korea, India, Brazil and China, the comparison of the manufacturing power composite index of nine countries in 2022 is as follows.
The report shows that the United States is in the first tier of manufacturing powers, Germany and Japan are in the second tier, and China is in the front of the third tier, and there is a big gap with other countries.
The distribution of the development index of the nine manufacturing powers is relatively stable, and the index value of the United States, Germany, Japan and China is stable at more than 120, with obvious comparative advantages, and the gap between China and Germany and Japan is narrowing, and the pace of catch-up is accelerating.
In 2022, China will increase macro-control efforts to cope with the impact of unexpected factors, and the development index of manufacturing power will be stable at a higher level of more than 120, and the gap between China and Japan will be reduced from 31.98 in 2012 to 1.65 in 2022, the first time the gap is less than 2 points since the “13th Five-Year Plan”, showing strong manufacturing resilience. The overall manufacturing industry has achieved steady growth, the quality of development has been continuously improved, and the development process of manufacturing power has been steadily advanced.
The world’s major countries manufacturing power development index
Countries around the world are actively exploring development models that are in line with their own advantages and characteristics, focusing on the recovery of the manufacturing industry and the optimization of the industrial chain, and vigorously developing the manufacturing industry, and the development index of manufacturing powers has improved.
The United States, China, Japan and Germany all increased their innovation output. China mainly benefited from the growth of the number of well-known brands in the manufacturing industry and the advantages of the total scale, and achieved the improvement of all five sub-items. The quality index of the United States increased, and the added value of the equipment manufacturing industry in Germany and Japan increased in the proportion of the added value of the manufacturing industry.
In terms of scale development, among the nine countries, only China (+0.35), the United States (+0.11) and Brazil (+0.77) achieved growth. China’s manufacturing value added reached US $4.98 trillion, ranking first in the world for 13 consecutive years, and basically equal to the combined manufacturing value added of the United States, Japan, Germany, Britain, France and Brazil.
In terms of quality and efficiency, among the nine countries, only China (+0.53), Germany (+1.54) and Brazil (+3.05) achieved growth, while the other six countries showed varying degrees of decline, and Japan dropped the most. Developed countries mainly due to the number of world famous brands in a country’s manufacturing industry, manufacturing value-added rate, manufacturing labor productivity decline caused by the decline in the sub-item value.
China achieved a sub-item value growth of quality and benefit (+0.53), mainly due to a small increase in the number of “world famous brands in a country’s manufacturing industry”. The sales profit margin of China’s manufacturing industry declined, and the labor productivity of the manufacturing industry fell slightly to 39385 US dollars/person for the first time, reflecting that China’s manufacturing industry as a whole is still in a critical period of improving quality and efficiency.
In terms of structural optimization, in addition to Brazil, the other eight countries achieved positive growth, including China (+1.71), the United States (+1.21), Japan (+1.98) and Germany (+1.36). With the strong performance of equipment manufacturing and basic industries, the United States surpassed Germany for the first time, ranking first in the structural optimization sub-value. Developed countries actively layout high-end equipment manufacturing, accelerate to seize strategic heights, and reshape competitive advantages.
China continued to make efforts to cultivate and build leading enterprises, and the proportion of added value of basic industries in the world increased to 6.93%, and the proportion of operating income of manufacturing enterprises in the global top 500 increased to 25.22%. Since 2021, the structural optimization sub-value has become the primary driving force for the improvement of the development index of China’s manufacturing powerhouse.
In terms of innovation and development, except for Brazil, the other eight countries achieved positive growth. Japan (30.45, +6.91) recorded strong growth, surpassing the United States (30.32, +4.03) for the first time to rank first among the nine countries in terms of innovation and development.
Developed countries focus on high-tech industries and strengthen patent distribution to ensure competitive advantage. Developing countries are also increasingly emerging as new engines of IP growth, with a view to achieving new breakthroughs in innovation output.
China (+1.37) has changed the unfavorable situation of the double decline of innovation input and output indicators such as the intensity of manufacturing R&D input and the amount of invention patents granted per unit manufacturing value added in 2021, and the sub-values of each secondary index have achieved a slight increase, but the gap with developed countries is still large.
In terms of sustainable development, the sub-items of sustainable development of the nine countries all achieved a slight increase, and South Korea mainly benefited from the increase in the added value of the manufacturing industry per unit of energy consumption, ranking first among the nine countries. Developed countries have a first-mover advantage in the green and low-carbon field and lead the development in terms of manufacturing added value per unit of energy consumption. China’s unit energy consumption of manufacturing value added output level, industrial resources efficient recycling water equality compared with industrial developed countries there is still a large room for improvement.
China, the United States, Germany, Japan and other countries rank among the top in the world in terms of total scale, and their manufacturing power development index has fluctuated in individual years, but the overall response to unexpected risk shocks has been more solid and effective.
With relatively stable quality and efficiency advantages and limited potential for improvement, developed countries have made every effort to optimize their economic structure and develop through innovation, and actively create new poles of economic growth.
The United States continues to make efforts to “structure optimization” and “innovative development”, strengthen the supply chain industrial chain, focus on high-end manufacturing, and maintain the leading position of cutting-edge technology and innovation vitality.
Germany, constantly improve Germany relying on a deep manufacturing base, accelerate the cultivation of leading enterprises and all kinds of “hidden champions” product quality and equipment level, stable establishment of “quality and efficiency” and “structure optimization” competitive advantages.
Japan, vigorously promote the industrial revitalization of the basic technology of manufacturing and cutting-edge technology research and development innovation, encourage the return of manufacturing to promote the recovery of the domestic industry, “innovation and development” rapid growth, reversing the downward trend of the development index of manufacturing power from 2012 to 2019, for the first time exceeded the same period in 2012 (124.29) level.
China made steady progress in building a strong manufacturing country
Since the 18th National Congress, China’s manufacturing power status has been further consolidated. From 2012 to 2022, the added value of China’s manufacturing industry increased from 16.98 trillion yuan to 33.5 trillion yuan. Since 2010, it has been the world’s first for 13 consecutive years, accounting for more than 30% of the global manufacturing industry, and China has become a veritable world manufacturing power.
The construction of China’s manufacturing power has achieved steady improvement in “quantity” and “quality”. From 2020 to 2022, the high-quality development of China’s manufacturing industry will make solid progress, and the construction of a manufacturing power will continue to reach a new level. It has withstood the greater impact of unexpected factors and basically stabilized the economic market in overcoming difficulties. We steadfastly promoted the building of a strong manufacturing country, actively responded to the complex and changing environment, continued to strengthen the scale advantage, and actively improved the structure optimization, quality and efficiency, and innovative development, and solidly fulfilled the main goals and tasks of national development.
In the past three years, China’s manufacturing industry has shown strong resilience, leading enterprises have played the role of the anchor sea, and the “new three” (electric manned vehicles, lithium batteries, and solar cells) have become the new driving force for the high-quality development of China’s economy. At the same time, the report also pointed out that there are still many uncertainties in the steady growth of the manufacturing industry, innovation efficiency, industrial base, equipment manufacturing and other aspects of the developed countries there is a big gap, we should adhere to stability to seek progress, promote stability with progress, unswervingly build manufacturing power, take the new road of industrialization with Chinese characteristics.
💬 评论 (0)