农业是关系国计民生的基础产业，在技术进步引领下，数字化转型成为全球农业发展的重要趋势。农业数字化在提升生产效率、稳定农民收入、促进乡村发展上具有重要意义。多国正在加快释放数字技术在农业领域的活力，推进农业数字化进程。在拉美农业大国阿根廷，农业数字平台正加快普及，农民数字能力得到提升；在欧洲“菜篮子”西班牙，物联网的应用让蔬果种植更加高产高效；在耕地稀少的以色列，农业领域的数字创新已形成一套科研与推广体系……如何用数字技术赋能乡村发展、推动传统农业数字化转型，正成为世界多国共同研究的课题。
一、阿根廷农业数字化：“数字种田”让农活更轻松
“通过无人机搭载的监控设备，实时收集农田相关图像和数据，就能知道哪个区域需要施肥，哪些农作物需要除虫。”阿根廷拉普拉塔大学农学院学生华金一边操作无人机，一边向身边的父亲讲解。今年22岁的华金，除了在校学习农业技术课程，课余时间还参加了家乡的农业培训，帮助父母经营家庭农场。“农业领域的数字运用越来越普遍，我希望帮助父母掌握更多数字技术，以便更好地提高效率、应对风险。”
近年来，阿根廷政府联合数字平台运营商开办农业培训课程，帮助农民熟练使用数字工具，提高农业生产效率和发展可持续性。越来越多当地农民正在学习利用数字化平台管理农场。据相关数据显示，过去18个月，阿根廷使用数字平台管理的土地面积增加了6倍，超过20%的农业区域实现了数字化管理。
阿根廷农业技术顾问格列高里尼介绍说，数字农业平台是整合了种植、喷洒、收割、监测等数据的联机平台，将农田信息进行可视化处理，农民可以更加轻松地管理农作物，还能利用卫星图像识别影响产量的相关因素。体验到“数字种田”带来的便利后，华金家不仅进行了更多作物品种的种植试验，还计划将家里的牧场也全面用上数字手段。华金的父亲说：“未来我们坐在拖拉机上就可以检测牧草生长，动动手指就可利用无人机放牧。”
为促进农业高效发展，阿根廷多个部门正积极推动农业数字化发展。今年6月，阿根廷联邦公共收入管理局、交通部、农业部等宣布，从11月1日起，所有谷物运输将强制使用数字化运单，以进一步提升粮食运输效率和产品追溯能力。阿根廷罗萨里奥谷物交易所与化肥厂商则联合开发了一款应用程序，对化肥生产、分配、运输等环节进行数字化管理。格列高里尼表示：“利用数字化手段，改变了传统的生产管理模式，对于阿根廷农业来说是一项重大进步。”
二、西班牙农业数字化：物联网提升产业链竞争力
在西班牙南部的阿尔梅里亚省，种植蔬果的温室大棚绵延不断，面积超过3.5万公顷，从空中俯瞰宛如一片“白色海洋”。这里是西班牙的蔬果主产区，每年产出约400万吨蔬果，其中80%出口。西班牙素来被誉为欧洲的“菜篮子”，这片“白色海洋”功不可没。
在探索更加高效、环保的种植模式方面，阿尔梅里亚省走在全国前列。在该省的一个农业试验站内，阿尔梅里亚大学和阿尔梅里亚蔬果生产商联合会正在开展一项以物联网技术为依托的农业数字化试验。试验站内共安装了90个感应器，可实时检测土壤养分、湿度、光照等信息。电子综合管理系统再通过汇总气象信息等，对植物生长状态和收获情况进行分析预测。生产者可据此及时优化生产管理，对温度、灌溉用水、农药使用量等进行调节。系统还会提前预警极端天气情况，方便生产者采取预防措施。试验结果显示，借助电子综合管理系统，作物单位产量提高了6.9%至8.3%，用水和能耗等生产成本降低5.2%，农药使用量减少5.3%。
项目参与者、阿尔梅里亚大学教授辛西娅·贾格诺卡沃表示，物联网具有革命性的潜力，能够推动自主管理和决策水平达到新的高度。在该技术的帮助下，农业生产可获得更大产能、更高质量，发展也更具可持续性，农业产业链的整体竞争力将得以提升。
近年来，西班牙政府推出多项举措，加快农业数字化发展进程。2019年，政府提出农林业和乡村数字化战略，以减少农业生产领域和乡村地区的数字鸿沟。今年，政府继续投入资金，与科尔多瓦大学、马德里理工大学合作共建培训中心，培训更多农业数字创新人才，为数字农业发展提供特别支持。日前，西班牙政府还将拨付欧盟复苏基金中的3800万欧元用于推动农业数字化，计划在2021年至2023年间设立一个农林业数字化进程观测平台、一个数字创新孵化中心，促进农业企业数字化创新。
三、以色列农业数字化：科研推广体系激发创新动能
34岁的奥里·本·内尔是以色列的一名椰枣种植农，每天早上开工的第一件事，就是查看农场SupPlant系统的更新数据。这是一套由人工智能（AI）驱动的灌溉系统，通过在植物周围放置传感器，每10分钟更新一次土壤湿度、叶片温度、果实生长进度、当前天气状况等信息。经过数据分析和云算法，该系统可以精准自动灌溉，无需人为操作。
“去年，我们通过这套精确的灌溉系统，用水量减少了40%，椰枣产量增加了32%。”内尔认为，该系统帮助自己更加专注于农产品的质量和产量，数字技术正在改变农业模式。
（一）SupPlant系统是以色列推动农业数字化、自动化和智能化发展的一个案例。
以色列干旱少雨，可耕地面积仅约4400平方公里，政府十分重视农业科技创新与运用。上世纪五六十年代，以色列开发了滴灌技术。近年来，以色列农业越来越多地引入红外热像仪、智能传感器、无人机、卫星图像等数字技术，提高生产效率，减少极端天气对农业生产的影响。
（二）以色列形成了一套由政府部门、科研机构和农业合作组织紧密配合的农业科研与推广体系。
全国有30多个从事农业科学研究的公共部门、3500多个高科技公司，不少大学也设有一些相关专业和研究机构。政府鼓励学术研究与商业应用的结合转化，其中包括农业机械自动化、数字农业创新、精准农业技术等。以色列农业和农村发展部农业创新高级副总干事迈克尔·利维表示：“在农业方面，17%的政府预算都用于支持科技研发。”
（三）提高农民在农业数字化领域的参与度，也是以色列推进农业可持续发展的重点之一。
2020年，以色列发起数字化农产品交易平台，为中小企业和农民建立线上采购渠道，降低农产品流通成本和终端价格。农业和农村发展部与农民协会还合作推出农民培训计划，提高农民的数字营销能力。预计未来数字交易平台的交易量将达到整个农产品市场的15%左右。
翻译：
Agriculture is a basic industry related to the national economy and people’s livelihood. Under the guidance of technological progress, digital transformation has become an important trend of global agricultural development. Agricultural digitization plays an important role in improving production efficiency, stabilizing farmers’ income and promoting rural development. Many countries are speeding up the release of the vitality of digital technologies in agriculture.
In Argentina, a major agricultural country in Latin America. Where digital platforms for agriculture are gaining popularity and farmers’ digital capabilities are improving.
In Spain, the basket of European vegetables. The Internet of Things is making fruit and vegetable farming more productive and efficient. In Israel, where arable land is scarce, digital innovation in agriculture has evolved into a system of research and extension…
How to use digital technology to empower rural development. And promote the transformation of traditional agriculture is becoming a subject of joint research in many countries around the world.
- Digitalization of Agriculture in Argentina: “Digital farming” makes farming easier
“By collecting real-time farmland images and data through monitoring equipment on the drone.” “We can know which areas need to be fertilized and which crops need to be dewormed.” Joaquin, an agricultural student at the University of La Plata in Argentina.
What explains to his father as he operates the drone. In addition to taking agricultural technology courses at school, Joaquin, 22. Also attends agricultural training in his hometown in his spare time to help his parents run the family farm. “Digital use is becoming more common in agriculture.” “And I want to help parents become more digital so they can be more efficient and manage risk.”
In recent years, the Argentine government has partnered with digital platform operators to run agricultural training courses. Which to help farmers become proficient in using digital tools to improve agricultural productivity and sustainability. More and more local farmers are learning to manage their farms using digital platforms.
Argentina has seen a six-fold increase in the amount of land managed using digital platforms in the past 18 months. Which with more than 20 percent of agricultural areas now digitally managed, according to data. “The digital agriculture platform is an online platform.” “That integrates planting, spraying, harvesting and monitoring data,” said Gregorini, an agricultural technology consultant in Argentina. “
It visualizes farmland information, making it easier for farmers to manage their crops. It also uses satellite images to identify relevant factors affecting yields.” The Joaquin family is experimenting with more varieties of crops and plans to use digital means on their ranch.
Joaquin’s father said: ‘In the future we will be able to sit on a tractor. And monitor the growth of the grass and graze with a drone at the flick of our fingers.’
In order to promote the efficient development of agriculture, several sectors in Argentina are actively promoting the digitization of agriculture.
In June this year, Argentina’s Federal Public Revenue Administration. The Ministry of Transportation and the Ministry of Agriculture announced that starting from November 1. Which digital waybills will be mandatory for all grain transportation. It to further improve the efficiency of grain transportation and product traceability.
Argentina’s Rosario Grain Exchange and fertilizer manufacturers have developed an app to digitally manage fertilizer production, distribution and transportation. “Using digital means to change the traditional production management model.” “It is a major step forward for Argentine agriculture,” says Mr Gregorini. Ii. Spanish Agriculture Digitization: The Internet of Things enhances the competitiveness of the industrial chain
In the southern Spanish province of Almeria, more than 35,000 hectares of greenhouses grow vegetables and fruits. Which look like a “sea of white” from the air. It is Spain’s main fruit and vegetable producing region, producing around four million tonnes a year. 80% of which is exported. Spain has long been known as the “basket” of Europe, this “white sea” has contributed a lot.
Almeria is at the forefront of the country in exploring more efficient and environmentally friendly farming patterns. At an agricultural experimental station in the province. The University of Almeria and the Federation of Almeria Vegetable. And Fruit Producers are conducting an agricultural digitization experiment based on the Internet of Things technology. A total of 90 sensors are installed in the test station to detect soil nutrients, moisture, light. And other information in real time. The electronic integrated management system analyzes and forecasts the growth state and harvest of plants by summarizing meteorological information. Based on this, producers can timely optimize production management, adjust the temperature, irrigation water, pesticide use, etc. The system will also provide early warning of extreme weather conditions so that producers can take preventive measures.
Experimental results showed that with the help of the electronic integrated management system. Unit crop yield increased by 6.9% to 8.3%, production costs. Such as water and energy consumption decreased by 5.2%, and pesticide use decreased by 5.3%.
Project participant Cynthia Giagnokavo, a professor at the University of Almeria. Said the Internet of Things has the potential to be revolutionary. And push the level of autonomous management and decision-making to new heights. With the help of this technology, agricultural production can achieve greater capacity, higher quality. And more sustainable development, and the overall competitiveness of the agricultural industry chain will be improved.
In recent years, the Spanish government has introduced a number of measures to accelerate the digitization of agriculture. In 2019, the Government introduced the Agroforestry and Rural Digitization Strategy to reduce the digital divide. Between agricultural production areas and rural areas. This year, the government will continue to invest in a training center jointly established with the University of Cordoba . And the Polytechnic University of Madrid to train more agricultural digital innovators. And provide special support for the development of digital agriculture. The Spanish government will also allocate 38 million euros from the European Union Recovery Fund to promote digitalization in agriculture. Between 2021 and 2023. It plans to set up an observation platform for digitalization in agriculture. And forestry and a digital innovation incubation center to promote digitalization in agricultural enterprises.
Iii. Digitalization of Agriculture in Israel: Research extension system to stimulate innovation momentum
Ori Ben-Nel, 34, a date palm farmer in Israel. It starts work every morning by checking the updates on the SupPlant system. It is an irrigation system powered by artificial intelligence (AI). That updates soil moisture, leaf temperature, fruit growth progress, current weather conditions. And other information every 10 minutes by placing sensors around plants. Through data analysis and cloud algorithms, the system can accurately and automatically irrigate water without human intervention.
“Last year, we reduced water use by 40 percent and increased date palm production by 32 percent . Through this precise irrigation system.” Mr Nel believes the system has helped him focus more on the quality and yield of produce. And that digital technology is changing the agricultural model.
SupPlant systems are a case study in Israel’s push to digitize, automate and intelligentize agriculture. Israel is dry and has little rain. The arable land is only about 4,400 square kilometers. The government attaches great importance to the innovation and application of agricultural science and technology. In the 1950s and 1960s, Israel developed drip irrigation. In recent years, Israeli agriculture has increasingly introduced digital technologies. Such as infrared thermal imagers, smart sensors, drones. And satellite images to improve production efficiency and reduce the impact of extreme weather on agricultural production.
Israel has developed a system of agricultural research and extension. Which is closely coordinated by government departments, research institutions and agricultural cooperative organizations. There are more than 30 public departments. And 3,500 high-tech companies engaged in agricultural research. And quite a few universities have established some related majors and research institutes. The government encourages the integration of academic research and commercial applications. Including agricultural machinery automation, digital agricultural innovation and precision agricultural technology. “In agriculture, 17 percent of the government budget goes to support research and development,” said Michael Levy. Who is a senior deputy director-general for Agricultural innovation at Israel’s Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development.
Increasing the participation of farmers in the digitization of agriculture. Which is also one of Israel’s priorities in promoting sustainable agricultural development. In 2020, Israel launched a digital agricultural products trading platform to establish online procurement channels for small. And medium-sized enterprises and farmers to reduce the cost of agricultural products distribution and end prices. The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development is also working. With farmers’ associations to launch a farmer training programme to enhance farmers’ digital marketing capabilities. It is expected that the trading volume of digital trading platforms. Which will reach about 15% of the total agricultural products market in the future.
本文由数字化转型网（www.szhzxw.cn）转载而成，来源：人民日报；编辑：数字化转型网宁檬树；审核/翻译：数字化转型网默然。
免责声明: 本网站(http://www.szhzxw.cn/)内容主要来自原创、合作媒体供稿和第三方投稿，凡在本网站出现的信息，均仅供参考。本网站将尽力确保所提供信息的准确性及可靠性，但不保证有关资料的准确性及可靠性，读者在使用前请进一步核实，并对任何自主决定的行为负责。本网站对有关资料所引致的错误、不确或遗漏，概不负任何法律责任。
本网站刊载的所有内容(包括但不仅限文字、图片、LOGO、音频、视频、软件、程序等) 版权归原作者所有。任何单位或个人认为本网站中的内容可能涉嫌侵犯其知识产权或存在不实内容时，请及时通知本站，予以删除。
更多精彩文章可点击下方阅读：
