本文为数字化转型网PLM专题系列文章八：PLM和PDM有什么区别和联系？
PDM与PLM是产品创新数字化领域中极为常见的两个名词，然而不论在销售环节、实施环节，很多人经常在概念上混淆和滥用，本文力图对这两个概念所关注的领域进行一定的差异说明。
一、PDM
（一）PDM的概念
什么的PDM？PDM是什么？PDM作为产品创新数字化的重要概念，是Production Data Management的缩写，顾名思义，关注点在于产品数据的信息管理，并且在传统的理解中，更确切的是指产品研发过程的数据管理，即Engineering Process Management，PDM的内容一般会包括如下常规部分：数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
1、PDM常规包括：文档管理
PDM常规包括文档管理。文档是产品数据中不可缺少的部分，如各类行业设计标准及规范、产品的市场需求、产品研发过程产生的的需求分析、详细设计等技术文件，甚至包括这些文档的模板，都需要进行良好的管理和标准化。当然，为了更顺畅进行文档的内容更改记录和结果管理，往往需要在此环节涉及PDM系统与Office办公工具软件的集成。数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
2、PDM常规包括：图纸管理
PDM常规包括图纸管理。图纸是产品设计的重要结果数据文件，是PDM关注的核心，而在PDM逐渐成熟的过程中的早期，国内市场上大量存在的是图文档管理系统。直到现在，很多国产PDM系统依然以图文档管理作为核心功能。
3、PDM常规包括：CAD集成数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
PDM常规包括CAD集成。产品在我们的生活中无处不在，用于进行产品设计的工具软件也种类繁多，为了更好的进行图纸管理，将图纸信息（甚至包括图面信息的提取）如何顺畅的从CAD环境传递到PDM系统并保持同步性和关联性，则带来了CAD集成这样一个重要的实施部分。常见的CAD软件如AutoCAD、基于AutoCAD的二次开发软件、NX、Pro/E，以及Protel、Cadence等。
4、PDM常规包括：可视化管理数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
PDM常规包括可视化管理。由于图文档均被纳入到PDM的管理数据，然而由于相应的图文档编辑软件种类极为繁多，PDM中的使用者（包括各级领导）面临大量不同格式的图文档浏览需要，如果人人都安装各种编辑软件是不可想象的。提供统一的公共的可视化管理成为必需。数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
5、PDM常规包括：物料管理与产品结构管理数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
PDM常规包括：物料管理与产品结构管理。在PDM系统中仅仅管理图文档的管理是远远不够的。按照PDM的传统理念，是以产品结构为中心组织各类数据，产品结构由各种类型的物料所构成，也成为每份图文档文件所依附的节点。物料管理作为一个独立的话题，还面对很多内容，如物料的编码系统，物料的创建申请，物料的可用状态的变化等等。
6、PDM常规包括：产品配置管理数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
PDM常规包括产品配置管理。越来越多的产品需要在标准配置或功能基础上，为客户进行不同程度的个性化定制，这带来了设计环节思路上的重要变化，即产品配置管理。可以为客户提供大量的丰富的可选功能部件，满足不同的客户需求。如针对功能的标准型、高级型、豪华型，如针对不同地区的型号，针对不同性别年龄的型号等很多角度的产品设计资料的配置。
7、PDM常规包括：工作流管理
PDM常规包括工作流管理。正如上面所提及的，不论是图纸还是文档、物料以及产品结构，都需要从草稿状态到最终发布生效（甚至是多次的阶段性发布生效），相应的大量签审过程都属于工作流管理的范畴。可以这样讲，工作流驱动机制使得PDM能够管理数据状态的不断变化。
8、PDM其余基础部分（组织管理、权限管理等）数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
PDM其余基础部分包括组织管理、权限管理等等。理所当然的，为了能够在PDM中创建和访问数据，相应的要管理必要的人员组织以及权限等基础性架，以上提及的，是PDM的常规涉及范围，而PLM，则代表了更全面的视角。
二、PLM数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
什么是PLM？PLM是什么？PLM是伴随着PDM的不断实施而发展出来的概念，即Production Lifecycle Management，关注点在于产品的生命周期。产品生命周期是一个非常宽广的概念，也为PLM的行业带来了更多的业务机会。
PLM的观点认为，一个标准完整的产品生命周期应该起源于需求。这种需求可能来自于市场的调查、分析或者反馈，也可能来自于企业自身不断创新推出新产品引领市场的需要。由于成本原因、技术风险原因或者市场条件变化等原因，最终有多少需求能够真正反映到企业的新产品中是一个值得探讨和管理的话题。因此在PLM系统中第一个关注的就是需求管理，跟踪有多少需求是最终有效的，以及这些需求的实现结果，并为后续新品的开发积累基础。数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
当相应的需求不断细化后，接下来会展开概念设计的工作，此阶段产生大量的技术尝试方案和原型系统以支持可行性论证等工作，虽然此时并非正式的产品研发，但作为企业的宝贵知识资产必须进行合理的管理和总结分析。数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
当企业真正确定了产品将采用的技术方案后，则进入了Production Engineer环节，即以往PDM的管理范畴，在此不再赘述。
从工作环节划分上，在完成产品的基本设计后，为了支持后续的生产，还必须要经过工艺设计。在不同产品类型和生产类型的企业中，工艺可能是指设计工艺，也可能是指生产工艺。这部分工作涉及到了工艺路线、工艺规程、工艺卡片等，也就是以往在中国广泛存在的CAPP系统的范畴。在PLM的大概念下，将工艺环节纳入并作为一个不可缺少的实施环节。数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
产品经过工艺设计后，会安排小批量的试制或者试验，试验数据也将对产品量产或交付上市前的完善产生重要参考支持，即TDM（Test Data Management）所关注的业务环节。
产品最终交付给客户后，通常还需要进行售后维护，那么该何时定期维护、如何管理和跟踪产品的实际状态以决定预防性维修，如何制定产品出现问题后的维护策略（如就地维护还是返厂维护等），则是一个目前新兴的重要业务领域，即MRO，同时MRO的大量信息也需要来自于最初的设计部门的产品设计资料以及产品出库和交付过程的大量记录信息。数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
最终随着市场的发展和更新换代的需要，一些型号的产品不再安排生产和售后维护从而真正的退出市场，意味着这类产品生命周期的结束。
这样的一个完整过程是产品生命周期理念的精髓和管理价值所在，同时在此过程中，必须要解决项目管理视角的数据组织、质量管理体系的建设、与周边ERP系统以及MES系统的信息交互，各种类型BOM数据的转换交付文档的动态内容出版解决方案，以及需要集成更多种类的工具软件（CAE/CAM）等大量细节问题。
三、PDM和PLM区别的总结数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
通过上面的表述，相信很多人已经对PDM和PLM的概念能够做出相应的区分判断。PDM和PLM大致的差异有两点总结：数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
1、PDM和PLM关注范围不同
PDM关注的是研发数据的管理，虽然也会涉及其余部门，一般会重点集中于设计部门进行实施，而PLM关注整个产品生命周期，实施范围可能涉及市场、销售、研发、工艺、制造、工程和售后维护等大量环节，每个环节都有可能成为实施的关注点。可以说，在业务范围和功能深度上，PLM做了大量的延伸。
2、PDM和PLM实施难度不同数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
PLM的实施相比PDM显然难度更大，业务领域更多，对实施顾问、技术顾问的经验和技能要求更多，从业压力更大。在国内，由于两者的混淆，经常会见到以PLM为名的项目只是在做PDM范围的工作，并没有覆盖到应有的整体业务，企业的管理效率只能在局部取得改善。
相信随着实施服务商水平的不断进步，国内客户知识的不断增长，PLM产品整体功能和行业解决方案的不断成熟，真正的PLM解决方案一定会逐渐发挥和展现它应有的意义和价值。
更多有关PLM相关文章，例如PLM资料、PLM成功案例、PLM方案等可在数字化转型网PLM专栏里进行阅读；如果您需要PLM相关资料包报可点击蓝字填写问卷与我们取得联系；更多精彩内容可进入读者群与百万读者一同交流~
PLM专题系列文章八：PDM和PLM的区别和联系翻译：
This article is part 9 of the Digital Transformation Network PLM special series: What are the differences and connections between PLM and PDM?数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
PDM and PLM are two very common terms in the field of digital product innovation. However, many people often confuse and abuse the concepts in the marketing and implementation links. This paper tries to explain the differences between the two concepts in the fields of concern.
First, PDM数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
(I) The concept of PDM
PDM of what? What is PDM? As an important concept in the digitalization of product innovation, PDM is the abbreviation of Production Data Management. As the name implies, PDM focuses on the information management of product data, and in the traditional understanding, it more accurately refers to the data management of product research and development process. That is, Engineering Process Management, PDM content will generally include the following general parts: digital transformation network szhzxw.cn
PDM routine includes: document management
PDM conventions include document management. Documents are an indispensable part of product data. Technical documents, such as design standards and specifications of various industries, market demands of products, demand analysis and detailed design generated during product research and development, and even templates of these documents, need to be well managed and standardized. Of course, in order to more smoothly document content change record and result management, often need to involve in this link PDM system and Office software integration. Digital transformation network szhzxw.cn
PDM routine includes: drawing management
PDM routine includes drawing management. Drawing is an important result data file of product design and is the core of PDM. In the early stage of PDM’s gradual maturation, a large number of graph document management systems exist in the domestic market. Until now, many domestic PDM systems still take picture document management as the core function.数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
PDM routine includes: CAD integrated digital transformation network szhzxw.cn
PDM general includes CAD integration. Products are ubiquitous in our life, and there are a wide variety of tools and software used for product design. In order to better manage drawings, how to smoothly transfer drawing information (even including drawing information extraction) from CAD environment to PDM system and maintain synchronization and relevance brings CAD integration such an important implementation part. Common CAD software such as AutoCAD, secondary development software based on AutoCAD, NX, Pro/E, Protel, Cadence, etc.数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
PDM routine includes: visual management digital transformation network szhzxw.cn
PDM conventions include visual management. Since graph documents are included in the management data of PDM, however, due to the various types of graph document editing software, users of PDM (including leaders at all levels) are faced with a large number of different formats of graph document browsing needs, and it is inconceivable that everyone should install various editing software. Providing a unified public visual management becomes necessary. Digital transformation network szhzxw.cn
5, PDM routine includes: material management and product structure management digital transformation network szhzxw.cn数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
PDM routine includes: material management and product structure management. In the PDM system, it is far from enough to manage only the graph document management. According to the traditional concept of PDM, all kinds of data are organized with the product structure as the center. The product structure is composed of various types of materials, and also becomes the node to which each graph document is attached. As an independent topic, material management also faces many contents, such as material coding system, material creation application, material availability status change and so on.
6, PDM routine includes: product configuration management digital transformation network szhzxw.cn
The PDM routine includes product configuration management. More and more products need different degrees of personalized customization for customers on the basis of standard configuration or function, which brings important changes in the design process, namely product configuration management. Can provide customers with a large number of rich optional features to meet different customer needs. Such as for the function of standard type, advanced type, luxury type, such as for different regions of the model, for different gender and age models and many other aspects of the configuration of product design data.数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
PDM routine includes: workflow management
PDM general includes workflow management. As mentioned above, whether drawings or documents, materials and product structure, need to be from draft status to final release effect (or even multiple release effect), the corresponding large amount of approval process is under the scope of workflow management. Suffice it to say, the workflow-driven mechanism enables PDM to manage the ever-changing state of data.
8, the rest of the basic parts of PDM (organization management, authority management, etc.) digital transformation network szhzxw.cn数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
The rest of the foundation of PDM includes organization management, rights management, and so on. Of course, in order to be able to create and access data in PDM, you have to manage the necessary personnel organization and permissions, and so on. This is the general scope of PDM, and PLM represents a more comprehensive perspective.
Two, PLM digital transformation network szhzxw.cn
What is PLM? What is PLM?
PLM is a concept developed along with the continuous implementation of PDM, Production Lifecycle Management, which focuses on the product lifecycle. Product life cycle is a very broad concept, and it brings more business opportunities to the PLM industry.
PLM’s view is that a standard complete product lifecycle should originate from requirements.
This demand may come from the market survey, analysis or feedback, or from the enterprise’s own need to constantly innovate and launch new products to lead the market. Due to cost reasons, technical risks or changes in market conditions, it is a topic worth discussing and managing how much demand can be truly reflected in the enterprise’s new products. Therefore, the first concern in the PLM system is demand management, tracking how many requirements are ultimately effective, and the realization results of these requirements, and laying a foundation for the development of subsequent new products. Digital transformation network szhzxw.cn数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
When the corresponding requirements are continuously refined, the conceptual design will be carried out.
In this stage, a large number of technical trial schemes and prototype systems will be generated to support the feasibility demonstration and other work. Although it is not a formal product research and development at this stage, as the valuable knowledge assets of the enterprise, reasonable management and summary analysis must be carried out. Digital transformation network szhzxw.cn
When the enterprise really determined the product will use the technical scheme, then into the Production Engineer link, that is, the previous PDM management category, here no more details.
From the division of work links, after the completion of the basic design of the product,.
in order to support the subsequent production, but also must go through the process design. In a business with different product types and production types, the process may refer to the design process as well as the production process. This part of the work involves the process route, process regulation, process card, etc., which is the scope of CAPP system widely existed in China in the past. Under the PLM concept, the process is included and taken as an indispensable implementation link. Digital transformation network szhzxw.cn数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
After the process design of the product, trial production or Test in small batches will be arranged, and the test Data will also provide important reference support for the product mass production or the improvement before delivery to the market, which is the business link concerned by TDM (Test Data Management).数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
After the product is finally delivered to the customer, after-sales maintenance is usually required. Then, when to perform regular maintenance, how to manage and track the actual state of the product to determine preventive maintenance, and how to formulate the maintenance strategy after product problems (such as on-site maintenance or return maintenance, etc.) are an emerging and important business field, namely, MRO. At the same time, a large amount of MRO information also needs to come from the original design department of product design data and a large number of records of product delivery and delivery process. Digital transformation network szhzxw.cn
数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
Finally, with the development of the market and the need for upgrading, some models of products will no longer be arranged for production and after-sales maintenance, so as to truly withdraw from the market, which means the end of the life cycle of such products.数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
Such a complete process is the essence of the product life cycle concept and the management value. At the same time, in this process, we must solve the data organization from the perspective of project management, the construction of quality management system, the information interaction with the surrounding ERP system and MES system, the transformation of various types of BOM data and the dynamic content publishing solution of the document. And the need to integrate a wider variety of tools and software (CAE/CAM).
Iii. Summary of the difference between PDM and PLM Digital transformation network szhzxw.cn
From the above statement, I believe that many people have been able to make a corresponding distinction between PDM and PLM concepts. There are two general differences between PDM and PLM: digital transformation network szhzxw.cn数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
PDM and PLM have different focus areas
PDM focuses on the management of research and development data, although it also involves other departments and generally focuses on the design department for implementation, while PLM focuses on the whole product life cycle, and the implementation scope may involve a large number of links such as market, sales, research and development, process, manufacturing, engineering and after-sales maintenance, and each link may become the focus of implementation. It can be said that PLM has done a lot of extension in terms of business scope and functional depth.
2, PDM and PLM implementation difficulty of different digital transformation network szhzxw.cn
Compared with PDM, the implementation of PLM is obviously more difficult, with more business areas, and more requirements on the experience and skills of the implementation consultant and technical consultant, resulting in greater working pressure. In China, due to the confusion between the two, it is often seen that PLM projects are only doing the work within the scope of PDM, instead of covering the overall business, and the management efficiency of enterprises can only be improved in some areas.
It is believed that with the continuous progress of service providers, the continuous growth of domestic customers’ knowledge, and the continuous maturity of PLM product functions and industry solutions, the real PLM solution will gradually play and show its due significance and value.
更多有关PLM相关文章，例如PLM资料、PLM成功案例、PLM方案等可在数字化转型网PLM专栏里进行阅读；如果您需要PLM相关资料包报可点击蓝字填写问卷与我们取得联系；更多精彩内容可进入读者群与百万读者一同交流~
本文由数字化转型网（www.szhzxw.cn）转载而成，来源于知乎，作者：张辉 石胜友 石倩 ；编辑/翻译：数字化转型网默然。
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