经过多方采访了解到，黑鲨科技一共分5批裁掉了近80%的员工，需支付的赔偿款在7000万-8000万元。有部分员工则称，目前只收到了2000元的裁员赔偿。
临近年终，游戏手机公司黑鲨科技的裁员事件再起波澜。
1月10日晚间，有多名黑鲨科技员工在社交媒体上称，“黑鲨科技裁员，不发赔偿金。”同时，部分员工还涌入黑鲨科技CEO罗语周微博下留言，向其索要裁员赔偿。根据留言内容显示，黑鲨原本计划分6次发放的裁员赔偿金，目前第一笔还未到账。有部分员工则称，目前只收到了2000元的裁员赔偿。
黑鲨科技给部分员工发送的短信内容则显示，自公司遇到巨大的经营困难以来，在此特殊时期，我们一直致力于全力兑付补偿金工作中。本月很抱歉地通知您：本次的离职补偿金暂时不能按照约定的金额全额支付，我们后续依然竭力想办法解决资金问题，争取尽快支付剩余的离职补偿金。
经过多方采访了解到，黑鲨科技一共分5批裁掉了近80%的员工，需支付的赔偿款在7000万-8000万元。同时，黑鲨科技从曾经的游戏手机第一品牌，陷入到如今CEO遭员工声讨索要赔偿的境地，其中过程涉及到的管理问题和转型问题，实际上也是国内大部分商业公司都存在的问题。
可以说，黑鲨科技的失败，实在是一家中国商业公司的普通失败。
一、裁员导火索
2022年10月，黑鲨科技传出裁员消息，裁员比例约为50%。其中，VR项目成为了裁撤重灾区。引发这次裁员的导火索是，腾讯收购黑鲨科技的计划搁浅。
同年的1月，就有消息传出腾讯拟收购黑鲨手机。针对传闻，腾讯和黑鲨方面暂未置评。不过，市场一度认为腾讯收购黑鲨是一场双赢，一方需要硬件设备作为元宇宙布局的入口，另一方需要资金扩充实力。
黑鲨手机此前曾与腾讯游戏有所合作。2020年1月，黑鲨科技与腾讯游戏联合宣布，将在游戏手机领域正式合作，就软件及硬件层面的游戏功能创新展开探索，为用户提供更多元化的游戏体验。
2020年3月发布的腾讯黑鲨游戏手机3，便是黑鲨科技与腾讯游戏合作研发的一款手机，并且也采取了双方联合命名的方式。
“其实，在1月的收购传闻出现前，黑鲨在2021年的12月份与腾讯谈的是一个合作关系（VR相关）。到了2022年1月份，双方的意向都比较好，最后谈成了收购的形式——腾讯全额收购黑鲨。”
一位接近黑鲨高层的研发人士林平（化名）对钛媒体App称，终止收购前，腾讯至少给了黑鲨科技三笔钱，用于开发VR设备，中间各方面的进展都很顺利。
至于为何后来收购计划搁浅，有媒体曾报道主要原因在于，黑鲨手机属于游戏手机细分品类出货量第一名，存在“垄断”嫌疑，因此在申报有关部门通过的时候一直未被许可。同时，黑鲨在尝试转向VR的过程中，实际研发能力并没有达到腾讯预期。
不过，据调研机构鲸参谋数据显示，2022年1月至9月小米在游戏手机领域以45%的市占率排名第一，而黑鲨名列第六，市占率仅4%左右，并不存在垄断。
“而研发能力没有达到腾讯预期，我认为也是不存在的。”林平表示，实际合作中，黑鲨VR的硬件与软件和腾讯融合的都很好，产品是没有问题。唯一不足的地方在于外观设计上，相比于Pico4黑鲨的设计偏旧，前者更显新潮。
二、腾讯为何放弃收购
那么，在既不涉及垄断、产品也可以达到要求的情况，腾讯为何最终放弃收购黑鲨呢？
“公司内部可信度比较高的说法是，腾讯给到的资金被公司挪用了。”黑鲨科技前员工石磊（化名）对钛媒体App表示，比如腾讯给了一个亿的设备款，可能有中间有个几千万，被公司的领导挪作他用了，到最后窟窿越越来越大，盖不住了。所以，腾讯因此就不收购了。
石磊称，支撑这种说法的证据是，与腾讯合作之后，黑鲨在2022年招聘了大量VR相关了的人，同时购买了设备、租赁了厂房和实验室。但过程中，研发部门提出的昂贵设备的购买需求在层层报批中被砍掉，而一台非常普通的设备在财务报账中的采购金额却显示为“28万元”、一个普通的显示器采购价为“6万元”。
因此，石磊和公司的大部分同事认为，腾讯收购的搁浅与公司管理层挪用资金有关。石磊还表示，腾讯在决定不收购黑鲨后，还给了一笔约1.6亿元的资金，后者计划利用这笔资金支付后续VR研发的员工工资开支。
“当时公司领导称，腾讯虽然不收购，但包括我们的手机、VR在内的项目还会继续做，所以工资会正常发放，大家不用担心。”石磊表示。显然，从目前的裁员情况来看，黑鲨的管理层并没有兑现当初的承诺。
而除了资金挪用，黑鲨科技还存在员工管理混乱的情况。2022年年中，因为“职场PUA”、“公司发展前景不明”等多方面的因素，黑鲨科技原有的所有公关团队人员也陆续全部离开了。
事实上，上述黑鲨内部发生的事情，在互联网大厂已经相当普遍。
在2022年年底的内部讲话中，马化腾谈到内部的贪腐问题表示“真的是触目惊心”。他称，很多业务做不起来，并不是因为管理者问题，也不是业务方向问题，而是贪腐漏洞太大，业务被掏空了。
紧接着，李彦宏也在百度年终讲话时表示，“腾讯的那些问题，百度也都有。”“很多新业务都在亏钱，时间长了以后，大家觉得亏钱是理所应当的，不会想这个业务再过三年能赚钱、还是再过五年能赚钱、还是再过一百年也不会赚钱。”对此，百度集团资深副总裁崔珊珊补充称，反腐的例子百度也经常看到，也是“吓死人”。
只不过，在内部腐败问题上，后者因为体量大抗住了损失，而黑鲨没有。“黑鲨科技走到今天，只能说明这就是一家普通中国公司的失败而已，国内公司存在的普遍性问题，这家公司或多或少都有。”上述人士总结道。
三、近80%员工遭裁员
“黑鲨科技原本的业务共分为四块业务，分别为手机、VR、外设以及互联网服务。现在，手机和VR基本全部裁完，外设已经被打包出售，只有员工数偏小的互联网服务业务还在。”
林平表示，在媒体曝出黑鲨裁员前，公司已经开始了相关动作。从8月份开始，到12月结束，每月一轮裁员，共计为5轮。第一批裁员已经在去年10月拿到了N+1的赔偿。第二、三批，本来约定的赔偿发放期限为3个月，目前改成了6个月，与第四、五批保持一致（从1月10日开始，每个月发放赔偿金额的1/6）。也就是说，目前只有第一批员工拿到了全额赔偿。
按照林平的说法，黑鲨科技员工人数最高时为1000人左右，现在剩下的员工不超200人，裁员比例超过80%，涉及裁员赔偿金额在7000万元-8000万元。但是，后四批员工现在难以通过正常的劳动仲裁拿到赔偿。
原来，黑鲨科技的绝大多数员工的劳务合同是与一家叫作“上海众链科技有限公司”签署的。这家公司是黑鲨科技营业主体“南昌黑鲨科技有限公司”的全资子公司，注册资本为500万元。
“按照劳动法，我们申请劳动仲裁，就算胜诉，最多只能拿到500万元的赔偿，这与总体的赔偿金额相去甚远。”林平表示，但是他们日常所有的工作沟通、邮件往来，包括offer签订都是与南昌黑鲨科技进行的。
所以，被裁员工认为公司管理层应该负责到底。1月10日，在仅收到2000元的裁员赔偿后，并得知后续赔偿难以支付后，黑鲨科技被裁员工纷纷涌入黑鲨科技CEO罗语周微博下留言，向其索要裁员赔偿。
四、高光之后，迅速凋零
从黑鲨科技的发展来看，这家公司也曾经历游戏手机行业的高光时刻。
2017年，曾担任华为移动宽带终端产品线总裁、华为北京研究所所长的吴世敏察觉到市场变化，创立黑鲨科技聚焦于游戏手机的开发。
2018年，黑鲨科技获得小米集团、南昌经开区下属南昌金开集团的天使轮投资。吴世敏曾表示，“当时，我们的团队陪着雷军从杭州坐高铁回北京，一路上近5个小时向他介绍了黑鲨的产品设计理念和未来规划，雷军后来答应了投资。”
彼时，小米全资控股的天津金星投资公司投入1100万元，占黑鲨科技21.94%的股份。根据天眼查数据显示，目前天津金星投资已占到黑鲨科技46.44%的股份，为后者的单一最大股东。
也是在2018年，黑鲨科技第一款产品面世，销量达到几十万台。联合创始人罗语周曾透露，2018年黑鲨基本没有亏损，销量、营收超出此前预期。IDC数据显示，在黑鲨手机发布的第二年，即2019年，国内游戏手机市场相比2018年获得了50%的增长，销量超过100万台，其中黑鲨以47%的市场份额位列第一。
不得不说，黑鲨科技从当年同质化竞争严重的智能手机领域，找到了游戏手机这一差异化路线，并在产品上获得了成功。
不过，随着游戏手机的爆红，包括努比亚红魔、华硕ROG、联想拯救者、Redmi、iQOO等品牌也迅速切入到该领域，黑鲨科技的份额被逐步蚕食。据Canalys数据报告显示，从2018年第二季度至2021年第一季度，游戏手机市场iQOO 以23%的市场份额占据第一，黑鲨以13%的份额位列第四。
2022年，随着智能手机整体进入下行空间，游戏手机的日子也更加难过。2022年1月至9月游戏手机累计销量约320万件，同比下滑近40%，累计销量额约为76亿元，同比下滑39%。黑鲨游戏手机的市占率下降到仅4%左右。
（数据来源——调研机构鲸参谋数据显示，2022年1月至9月游戏手机累计销量约320万件，同比下滑近40%，累计销量额约为76亿元，同比下滑39%。其中，小米在游戏手机领域以45%的市占率排名第一，而黑鲨名列第六，市占率仅4%左右。)
游戏手机失利后，黑鲨科技曾试图转型VR、元宇宙领域，寻求生机。不过，随着腾讯收购计划的搁浅，黑鲨的生存也再次变得岌岌可危。
翻译：
After multiple interviews, Ti Media App learned that Black Shark Technology has laid off nearly 80% of its employees in five batches, and the compensation to be paid is 70 million to 80 million yuan. Some employees say they have received only 2,000 yuan in redundancy compensation.
As the year draws to a close, layoffs at gaming and mobile phone company Blackshark Technologies are on the rise again.
On the evening of January 10, a number of Black Shark Technology employees said on social media, “Black Shark Technology layoffs, no compensation.” At the same time, some employees also flooded the micro blog of Luo Yuzhou, the CEO of Black Shark Technology, to ask for redundancy compensation. According to the message, the first installment of the layoffs compensation that Black Shark had planned to pay out in six installments has not yet arrived. Some employees say they have received only 2,000 yuan in redundancy compensation.
A text message sent by Blackshark Technology to some of its employees said, “We have been working hard to pay compensation during this particular period since the company encountered significant business difficulties.” I’m sorry to inform you this month that the severance payment cannot be paid in full as agreed. We are still trying our best to solve the fund problem and try to pay the remaining severance payment as soon as possible.
After multiple interviews, Ti Media App learned that Black Shark Technology has laid off nearly 80% of its employees in five batches, and the compensation to be paid is 70 million to 80 million yuan. At the same time, Black Shark Technology has changed from the first brand of game mobile phones to the situation where its CEO is being called for compensation by employees. The management problems and transformation problems involved in this process are actually problems that exist in most domestic commercial companies.
It can be said that the failure of Black Shark Technology is a common failure of a Chinese commercial company.
1. The trigger of layoffs
In October 2022, Black Shark Technology news of layoffs, layoffs ratio of about 50%. Among them, the VR project has been the hardest hit. The lay-offs were triggered by the collapse of Tencent’s planned acquisition of Blackshark Technology.
In January of the same year, there was news that Tencent planned to buy Black Shark mobile phone. Tencent and Black Shark have not commented on the rumors. However, the market once viewed Tencent’s acquisition of Blackshark as a win-win situation, with one side needing hardware as an entry point to the metauniverse layout and the other needing money to expand its capabilities.
Black Shark phones have previously cooperated with Tencent Games. In January 2020, Blackshark Technology and Tencent Games jointly announced that they would officially cooperate in the field of game mobile phones, explore the innovation of game functions at the level of software and hardware, and provide users with more diversified game experience.
Tencent Black Shark Game Mobile Phone 3, released in March 2020, is a mobile phone jointly developed by Black Shark Technology and Tencent Games, and also adopts the way of joint naming.
“In fact, Blackshark was talking to Tencent about a partnership (VR related) in December 2021, before the January acquisition rumors surfaced. By January 2022, both sides were in a good position to negotiate an acquisition — Tencent buying all of Blackshark.”
Lin Ping (pseudonym), a researcher close to the top management of Blackshark, told Titania Media App that Tencent had given Blackshark at least three payments to develop VR devices before ending the acquisition, and that everything had gone smoothly.
As for why the acquisition plan was stalled later, some media reported that the main reason was that the Black Shark mobile phone was the first in the shipments of the segmented game mobile phone category, which was suspected of “monopoly”, so it had not been approved by the relevant authorities. At the same time, in the process of trying to switch to VR, the actual research and development ability of Black shark did not meet Tencent’s expectations.
However, from January to September 2022, Xiaomi ranked first in the gaming phone sector with a 45 percent market share, while Black Shark ranked sixth with a market share of around 4 percent, indicating no monopoly, according to data from research firm Whale Advisors.
“And the research and development capability is not up to Tencent’s expectations, I don’t think it exists.” Lin Ping said, the actual cooperation, Black shark VR hardware and software and Tencent integration are very good, the product is no problem. The only shortcoming is the appearance design. Compared with the old design of Pico4 black Shark, the former is more fashionable.
2. Why did Tencent give up the acquisition
So, when there is no monopoly involved, the product can also meet the requirements, why Tencent finally gave up the acquisition of black shark?
“There is a high degree of credibility within the company that the funds given by Tencent were misappropriated by the company.” Shi Lei (pseudonym), a former employee of Black Shark Technology, told Titania Media App that, for example, Tencent gave a device of 100 million yuan, and there may be tens of millions in the middle, which were diverted by the company’s leaders for other purposes. In the end, the hole became bigger and bigger and could not be covered. So Tencent didn’t buy it.
According to Shi, the evidence to support this claim is that Blackshark hired a large number of VR related people in 2022, as well as buying equipment, leasing factories and laboratories, after working with Tencent. But in the process, the purchase demand of expensive equipment proposed by the research and development department was cut off in the layers of approval, and the purchase amount of a very ordinary equipment in the financial account was shown as “280,000 yuan”, and the purchase price of an ordinary monitor was “60,000 yuan”.
Therefore, Shi and most of the company’s colleagues believe that Tencent’s stalled acquisition is related to the misappropriation of funds by the company’s management.
After deciding not to acquire Blackshark, Tencent also provided about 160 million yuan, which the company plans to use to pay for the salaries of its staff for subsequent VR research and development, Shi said.
“At that time, the leader of the company said that although Tencent did not buy the company, we would continue to work on our projects including mobile phones and VR, so the salaries would be paid normally, and we did not need to worry about it.” Shi Lei said. It is clear from the current layoffs that Black Shark management has not lived up to its promise.
In addition to the misappropriation of funds, Black Shark Technology also suffered from staff management confusion. In the middle of 2022, due to “career PUA”, “uncertain development prospects of the company” and other factors, all the original public relations team members of Blackshark Technology have left.
In fact, what happened inside the black shark mentioned above has been quite common in the Internet giant.
In an internal speech at the end of 2022, Ma Huateng said the corruption problem was “truly shocking”. ‘A lot of businesses don’t work, not because of the management, not because of the direction of the business, but because the corruption hole is so big that the business is hollowed out,’ he said.
Then Robin Li also said in Baidu’s year-end speech, “Baidu also has the same problems as Tencent.” “A lot of new businesses are losing money, and over time, people take it for granted. They don’t think about whether it’s going to be profitable in three years, or five years, or 100 years.” Cui Shanshan, senior vice president of Baidu Group, added that Baidu sees examples of anti-corruption all the time, which are also “scary”.
However, when it comes to internal corruption. The latter is able to withstand the loss because of its size, while the black shark is not. “The fact that Blackshark Technology has come so far can only mean that this is the failure of an ordinary Chinese company. Which has more or less all the common problems that domestic companies have.” “The person concluded.
3. Nearly 80 percent of employees were laid off
“The original business of Blackshark Technology is divided into four parts: mobile phone, VR, peripherals and Internet services. Now, mobile phones and VR are almost all finished, peripherals have been packaged and sold. And only the Internet service business with a small number of employees remains.”
Lin Ping said the company had already taken action before the media reported the layoffs. Starting in August and ending in December. There will be one round of layoffs each month, for a total of five rounds. The first batch of redundancies already received N+1 payouts last October. For the second and third batches, the agreed compensation payment period was originally 3 months. But now it is changed to 6 months, which is consistent with the fourth and fifth batches (starting from January 10, 1/6 of the compensation amount will be paid every month). That means only the first group of employees has received full compensation so far.
According to Lin Ping
According to Lin Ping, the number of employees in Blackshark Technology peaked at about 1,000. But now there are no more than 200 employees. With a layoff ratio of more than 80%, involving 70 million to 80 million yuan in compensation. But the last four are now struggling to get compensation through normal labor arbitration.
It turns out that the vast majority of Blackshark’s employees’ labor contracts are signed with a company called Shanghai Zhonglink Technology Co., LTD. This company is black shark technology business subject “Nanchang black shark Technology Co. LTD.” wholly-owned subsidiary, registered capital of 5 million yuan.
“According to labor law, if we apply for labor arbitration. Even if we win, the maximum compensation we can get is 5 million yuan. Which is far from the overall compensation amount.” Lin Ping said, however, that all their daily work communication, email exchanges. Including the signing of offers, are with Nanchang Black Shark Technology.
As a result, laid-off workers hold company management accountable. On January 10, after only receiving 2,000 yuan in redundancy compensation and learning that it would be difficult to pay subsequent compensation, the downsized employees of Black Shark Technology flooded into the micro blog of Luo Yuzhou, the CEO of Black Shark Technology, to ask for redundancy compensation.
4. After the highlight, quickly wither
In terms of Blackshark Technologies, the company has had its share of high point moments in the gaming mobile industry.
In 2017, Wu Shimin, the former president of Huawei mobile broadband terminal product line and director of Huawei Research Institute in Beijing, sensed a change in the market and founded Blackshark Technology to focus on the development of gaming phones.
In 2018, Black Shark Technology received angel round investment from Xiaomi Group and Nanchang Jinkai Group, a subsidiary of Nanchang Jingkai District. “At that time, our team accompanied Lei Jun from Hangzhou to Beijing by high-speed train. The journey of nearly five hours to introduce the product design concept and future plan of Black shark to him. Lei Jun later agreed to invest,” Wu Shimin said.
At that time, Tianjin Jinxing Investment Co., which is wholly owned by Xiaomi, invested 11 million yuan for a 21.94 percent stake in Blackshark Technology. According to Skyeye Research data, Tianjin Jinxing Investment has accounted for 46.44 percent of the shares of Black Shark Technology, the latter’s single largest shareholder.
Also in 2018, Blackshark Technology launched its first product and sold hundreds of thousands of units. Co-founder Luo Yuzhou has revealed that in 2018, Black shark basically did not lose money, sales volume, revenue exceeded previous expectations. Data from IDC showed that in 2019, the second year after the release of the Black Shark phone. The domestic gaming phone market saw a 50 percent growth compared to 2018, with more than 1 million units sold. Among which Black Shark ranked first with 47 percent market share.
It has to be said that Blackshark Technology has found a differentiated path of gaming phones from the smartphone industry. Which had severe homogeneity competition in the past, and achieved success in product development.
However, with the explosion of gaming mobile phones
However, with the explosion of gaming mobile phones, including Nubia Red Devils, Asus ROG, Lenovo Saver, Redmi, iQOO and other brands quickly entered the field. The share of Black shark technology was gradually eroded. According to Canalys data report, from the second quarter of 2018 to the first quarter of 2021. IQOO ranked first in the gaming mobile market with 23% market share, while Blackshark ranked fourth with 13% share.
In 2022, as smartphones as a whole enter the downward space, gaming phones will have a harder time. From January to September 2022, the cumulative sales volume of game mobile phones was about 3.2 million pieces, a year-on-year decline of nearly 40%. And the cumulative sales volume was about 7.6 billion yuan, a year-on-year decline of 39%. The market share of Black Shark gaming phones has fallen to only about 4%.
(Data source — Data from Whale Staff, a research agency, shows that the cumulative sales volume of gaming mobile phones from January to September 2022 is about 3.2 million, down nearly 40% year-on-year, and the cumulative sales volume is about 7.6 billion yuan, down 39% year-on-year. Xiaomi ranks first in gaming phones with 45 percent of the market, while Blackshark ranks sixth with around 4 percent.)
After the failure of the game mobile phone. Black shark technology has tried to transform the VR, the metaverse field, seeking vitality. However, with Tencent’s acquisition plan stalled, Black Shark’s survival has become precarious again.
本文由数字化转型网（www.szhzxw.cn）转载而成，来源于网络，作者：饶翔宇；编辑/翻译：数字化转型网宁檬树。
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