开源一直不仅仅是软件。它描述了一种精神，一种思维方式。它植根于互联网的基础，正如蒂姆·伯纳斯-李（Tim Berners-Lee）在欧洲核子研究中心（CERN）提出的，开发一种链接和共享信息的方式。这是一种知识经济，由在线社区生活，他们合作解决世界问题，并促进世界各地的创新。
它也不再是失败者的解决方案。开源软件支撑着全球经济，是大多数核心基础设施的核心。全球有 56 万开发人员为开源项目做出贡献，95% 的组织利用开放式创新实践。对于消费者来说，开源可能不是显而易见的。然而，它形成了我们彼此之间的联系，塑造了我们的远程工作方式，简化了金融业以及我们的支付管理方式，并使我们的智能设备能够戴在手腕上和家里。它甚至对汽车的安全系统功能至关重要。开源无处不在。InfoWorld的马特·阿赛（Matt Asay）最近的一篇文章探讨了开放并不总是重要的时代，提醒我们专有策略仍然非常有利可图，客户并没有放弃付费许可证和封闭模式。正如Asay所指出的那样，“苹果2.4万亿美元的市值不言而喻。从本质上讲，开放可能具有道德分量，但实用主义和利润有时讲述了另一个故事。数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
但是，我想看看硬币的另一面。证明专有策略注定不会失败是没有抓住重点的。除了资产负债表和个人战略之外，公司做出的选择也很重要。开源始终重要的原因在于它能够促进协作，将数百万人团结起来实现共同目标，并以其他开发方法的方式推动创新。数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
一、创新的基础
开源生态系统提供的透明度、互操作性和快速开发速度不仅推动了开源软件的广泛采用，而且对于希望在当今环境中更快、更强大的公司来说，开源变得至关重要。越来越多的科技公司，而不是更少，正在转向开放的方法。我们也不能忘记，专有模型所依赖的许多数字生态系统都以开源为基础。
例如，如果没有推动其发展和采用的开放精神，Kubernetes就不会彻底改变云原生空间。谷歌设计了一个可以大规模增长的基础设施，并将其作为Kubernetes开源给社区。现在，通过社区规模和协作，Kubernetes 和容器正在取代众多专有的锁定云平台，成为推动数字化转型的事实上的基础设施。Kubernetes 和容器使各行各业的公司能够以更高的灵活性更快地交付客户价值。此外，广泛的社区协作使各种规模的行业供应商能够以更低的总体成本提供更多功能。这证明了一个巨大的生态系统可以建立在开源的基础上，为“开源”和专有公司带来盈利能力和增长。在另一个方向上采取的加倍封闭模式的步骤可能会继续为公司提供良好的服务或净短期收益。然而，不选择以开源为主导很可能会对行业在企业长期成功的更广泛轨迹产生影响。数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
二、短期收益与长期进展
为促进技术社区的开放性所做的努力不仅可以使更广泛的企业生态系统受益，还可以使公司本身受益。自 1980 年代后期以来，开源软件一直在推动创新并获得信誉，因为越来越多的大型科技公司意识到其巨大的潜力，将来自世界各地的最聪明的头脑聚集在一起，共同解决挑战。数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
但正如Asay指出的那样，近年来许多软件公司已经退出了开源许可证。Lightbend为其Akka程序切换到非OSI批准的许可证是“背叛的迹象”的想法确实引起了有趣的争论。重要的是要记住，Akka 作为一种完全开源的解决方案获得了普及和广泛采用——可以说是因为它是完全开源的。如果Akka最初是公司新许可模式下的专有解决方案，那么今天它可能是一个晦涩难懂的利基解决方案。最终，客户将决定降低开放度对Akka和Lightbend是好是坏。虽然现在知道影响还为时过早，但我们已经看到了社区的强烈反对。
每家公司都有权改变其战略，但从开源撤退的罕见情况应该告诉你一些事情。如果你看看公司正在加倍努力的技术——那些对行业产生巨大影响的技术，比如人工智能和机器学习——你会发现开源是催化剂。人工智能可以说是下一个快速增长的技术领域，它将改变业务、体验和生活，大多数人工智能平台和工具包都是开源的。为什么？因为开源使公司能够逐步扩展或构建这些基础，以加速的速度提供新功能。开源势头的一个完美例子来自英伟达，它拥抱了曾经专有的开源和更新解决方案的力量，今年早些时候将其Linux GPU内核模块作为开源发布，并具有双GPL / MIT许可证。另一个例子是Meta将PyTorch的治理交给Linux基金会。虽然这不是开源新的东西，而是将开源项目的治理从一家公司转移到社区，但它加强了社区驱动的方法对创新的力量。数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
虽然企业客户可能对开源的价值有更深入的理解，但技术的个人消费者也清楚地掌握了它的好处。对互操作性和易用性的理解已经转化为对苹果开放其消息平台的呼吁。这种对开放标准和互操作性的渴望导致WhatsApp主导了全球消息市场。
三、面向所有人的社区驱动型创新
我们坚信，开放性，而不仅仅是技术，必须植根于所有数字化转型的核心，才能真正取得成功。无论如何，如果一家公司保留专有模型或更改其许可证，而不会对盈利能力或消费者采用产生负面影响，这并不能证明开源无关紧要。开源的价值不是由个人战略决策或盈利能力案例研究定义的。
作为一种开发模式和精神，开源是一种非凡的善的力量。它利用协作实现共同目标，以无与伦比的速度促进创新，并标志着从新兴基础设施技术到人工智能和机器学习再到消费电子产品的整个技术领域的发展方向。很明显，开源正在推动当今每个行业的创新——从零售、制造、金融、农业到太空探索。开源受到世界各地公司和消费者的依赖。数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
虽然总会有人认为竞争优势只源于专有创新，但为什么不考虑开源在我们今天的创新中发挥的强大作用呢？我一直对开源社区的集体努力以及每天出现的透明、优雅和可互操作的创新感到敬畏。随着数字化转型的进一步加速，开源软件只会进一步巩固其在未来技术和数字生态系统发展中的地位。
英文原文：
Why openness always mattersProprietary software isn’t evil, but open source is a remarkable force for good. The transparent, community-driven approach to development is driving innovation in every industry today.数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
Open source has always been more than software.
It describes an ethos, a way of thinking. It’s rooted in the foundations of the internet as Tim Berners-Lee proposed at CERN to develop a way of linking and sharing information. It’s a knowledge economy that is lived by online communities who collaborate to solve the world’s problems and that fosters innovations around the world.It’s no longer the underdog solution either.
Open-source software underpins the global economy and sits at the heart of most core infrastructure. 56 million developers contribute to open source projects around the world and 95% of organizations leverage open innovation practices. Open source may not be immediately obvious to a consumer. Nevertheless, it forms the connections we make with one another, shapes how we work remotely, streamlines the financial industry and how our payments are managed, and enables our smart devices on our wrists and at home. It’s even critical for your car’s safety system functions.
Open source is everywhere.
A recent article by InfoWorld’s Matt Asay explored the times when openness doesn’t always matter, reminding us that proprietary strategies remain exceptionally profitable and that customers haven’t turned their backs on paid licenses and closed models. As Asay notes, “Apple’s $2.4 trillion market cap speaks for itself.” In essence, openness may carry moral weight, but pragmatics and profits sometimes tell another story.However, I want to look at the other side of the coin. Demonstrating that proprietary strategies are not destined to fail is to miss the point. Beyond the balance sheet and individual strategy, the choices companies make are important. The reason open source always matters lies in its ability to foster collaboration, unite millions towards a common goal, and drive innovation like no other developmental approach.数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
The foundation for innovation
The transparency, interoperability, and rapid pace of development offered by the open source ecosystem has not only driven the widespread adoption of open source software, it’s made open source critical for companies looking to grow faster and stronger in today’s landscape. More tech companies, not less, are shifting to open approaches. We cannot forget too that many digital ecosystems on which proprietary models depend have their foundation in open source.数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
Kubernetes, for instance, would not have revolutionized the cloud-native space without the open ethos that powered its evolution and adoption. Google engineered an infrastructure that could grow at scale, and open sourced it to the community as Kubernetes. Now, through community scale and collaboration, Kubernetes and containers are supplanting numerous proprietary, lock-in cloud platforms as the de facto infrastructure to power digital transformation.
Kubernetes and containers are enabling companies across all industries to deliver customer value faster with more flexibility.
Additionally, the broad community collaboration is enabling industry suppliers of all sizes to deliver more capabilities at a lower overall cost. This is proof that a huge ecosystem can be built on an open source foundation, enabling profitability and growth for “open source” and proprietary companies alike.Steps taken in the other direction to double-down on closed models may continue to serve a company well or net short-term benefits.
However, not choosing to lead with open source could very well have an impact on the industry’s wider trajectory in the long-term success of a business.Short-term gains vs. long-term progressEfforts made to advance openness within the tech community can benefit not just the wider enterprise ecosystem, but also the company itself. Since the late 1980s, open source software has been fueling innovation and gaining credibility as more and more of the largest tech companies realized its vast potential to bring together the brightest minds from all over the world to solve challenges together as one.
But as Asay points out, a number of software companies have stepped back from open source licenses in recent years.
The notion that Lightbend’s switch to a non-OSI approved license for its Akka program is a “sign of betrayal” does pose an interesting debate. It’s important to remember that Akka gained its popularity and widespread adoption as a fully open source solution—and arguably because it was fully open source. Had Akka begun as a proprietary solution under the company’s new licensing model, it would likely be an obscure, niche solution today. Ultimately, the customers will decide whether less openness is good or bad for Akka and Lightbend. While it’s too early to know the implications, we have seen backlash from the community.数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
Every company has a right to change its strategy.
But the rarity of retreats from open source should tell you something. If you look at the technologies that companies are doubling down on—the technolgies that have massive industry implications. Such as AI and machine learning—you’ll find that open source is the catalyst. AI is arguably the next fast-growing technology domain that will transform business, experiences, and lives. And the majority of AI platforms and toolkits are open source.
Why? Because open source enables companies to incrementally extend or build upon these foundations to deliver new capabilities at accelerating rates. A perfect example of this momentum in open source comes from Nvidia. Which embraced the power of open source and updated solutions that were once proprietary, publishing its Linux GPU kernel modules as open source with a dual GPL/MIT license earlier this year. Another example is Meta handing governance of PyTorch to the Linux Foundation.
While this wasn’t open sourcing something new. But transferring governance of the open source project from a single company to the community. It reinforces the power that a community driven approach has on innovation. While enterprise customers may have a deeper understanding of the value of open source, individual consumers of technology also clearly grasp the benefits. An understanding of interoperability and ease of use has translated into calls for Apple to open its messaging platform. This same desire for open standards and interoperability has resulted in WhatsApp dominating the messaging market globally.
Community-driven innovation for allWe firmly believe that openness, not technology alone. Must be rooted in the heart of all digital transformation to truly find success. In any case, if a company retains a proprietary model or alters its license without negative impact on either profitability or consumer adoption. This does not demonstrate that open source does not matter.
The value of open source is not defined by individual strategic decisions or case studies in profitability.
As a development model and ethos, open source is a remarkable force for good. It harnesses collaboration for a common goal, facilitates innovation at an unmatched rate, and marks the direction of travel across the technology landscape—from emerging infrastructure technologies to AI and machine learning to consumer electronics. It’s clear that open source is driving innovation in every industry today—from retail, manufacturing, finance, and agriculture to space exploration. Open source is relied upon by companies and consumers around the world.数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
While there will always be those who feel that competitive advantages stem only from proprietary innovation. Why not consider the powerful role that open source plays in our innovations today? I’m consistently in awe of the collective efforts of the open source community and the transparent, elegant, and interoperable innovations that emerge every day. As digital transformation accelerates further, open source software will only further cement its place in the development of tomorrow’s technologies and digital ecosystems.数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
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