据是新时代重要的生产要素，是国家基础性战略资源。近年来，一系列与数据资产化相关的政策出台，既有顶层设计，又有具体措施，形成了推动数据资产化的强大合力。《“十四五”大数据产业发展规划》强调，推动行业数据资产化、产品化。2022年《关于构建数据基础制度更好发挥数据要素作用的意见》提出，依法依规维护数据资源资产权益，探索数据资产入表新模式。本期特邀专家围绕相关问题进行研讨。
一、加快数据从资源向资产转变
什么是数据资产化？推动数据资产化，我国具备哪些独特优势？
李晓东（中国科学院计算技术研究所研究员、伏羲智库互联网研究院院长）：数据作为一种具有独特属性的生产要素，有非竞争性、无限供给、易复制、边际成本极低等特点，并贯穿于数字化的生产、管理和经营等各个环节。发挥数据生产要素作用离不开数据资产化，数据资产化的关键前提是完成数据确权。
发挥数据生产要素作用需经历资源化、资产化和资本化三个环节。其中，资产化是资源化的结果，也是资本化的起点，要求在生产过程中承认数据的价值创造贡献，并提供价值的变现渠道。
一般来说，可以被探明、标识、利用并用来创造价值的，才被视作资源。当某种资源被探明并标识后，人们可以评估该资源是否丰裕，是否值得开采利用。了解不同数据的利用方式，并对数据进行探明和标识的过程，就是数据资源化。数据资源化会形成某种稀缺性，从而引出资源的优化配置需求。不同数据集由于质量、规模等差异，所蕴含的信息量和在不同部门之间的动态分布各有不同，从而构成数据要素流动的原动力。数字化转型网www.szhzxw.cn
资产化是对预期收益的归属进行确权的过程。数据资产化意味着数据可以在未来产生持续收益，并且这些收益可以基于一定的产权进行分配。此外，数据的资源化、资产化、资本化等过程，本身也是数据的创造过程。预计这一系列过程将逐渐以数据要素流动转化的形式出现，与传统情境中货币资本运动形式有所不同，数据要素在社会生产过程中的权重将显著增加。
资产化的关键前提是明晰产权结构，通过构建符合各类生产要素特性的产权制度，实现未来归属、使用、收益等重要权益的确权。确权完成后才能进行基于收益的分配以及基于价值的交易，从而不断激励各类要素高质量供给。确权所包含的不仅仅是所有权的确认，也包含持有权、加工使用权、经营权等多种权属。特别是对数据而言，其创造过程与传统要素不同，具有多方创造、流转速度快等特点，因此确权不应仅涵盖单一所有权，更需纳入多方所有权或共有产权等多种所有权形式。
2022年12月，中共中央、国务院印发《关于构建数据基础制度更好发挥数据要素作用的意见》（以下简称“数据二十条”），提出建立数据资源持有权、数据加工使用权、数据产品经营权等分置的产权运行机制。由于数据的产权结构复杂，所有权界定难以形成共识，所以目前的工作重点在使用权交换和价值创造方面，以共享共赢逐步促进共有。除制度供给外，数据确权还需要特定的技术系统支撑。一方面，数据与数字技术、数字平台、应用程序等关系密切。另一方面，随着数据安全等合规政策趋严，数据与应用（业务）解耦成为重要趋势，数据确权对技术系统的需求不断增加。总体来看，这种技术系统需统一的标识管理、权属管理、认证机制、授权管理、算法管理和分类分级。
“数据二十条”出台后，进一步推动了公共数据、企业数据、个人数据合规高效流通使用。2023年2月，中共中央、国务院印发的《数字中国建设整体布局规划》明确，数字中国建设按照“2522”的整体框架进行布局。其中，特别提出夯实数据资源体系。同年8月，财政部制定印发《企业数据资源相关会计处理暂行规定》，数据资源“入表”更进一步。与此同时，北京、上海、浙江等地也在大力推动数据资产化相关法律法规出台。一系列制度创新推动了数据资产化提质增效。
《数字中国发展报告（2022年）》显示，2022年我国数据产量达8.1ZB，全球占比达10.5%，位居世界第二，可供开发的数据资源丰富。市场的快速发展为数据资产化奠定了实践基础。近年来，湖北、天津、浙江、四川、贵州等地积极开展数据要素典型应用场景试点，企事业单位数据应用创新积极性高涨，应用场景日益丰富。
当前，我国在用数据中心算力总规模位居世界第二，移动网络覆盖率100%，已建成全球规模最大、技术领先的网络基础设施，为建设数据基础设施支撑数据资产化、充分释放数据要素价值奠定了良好基础。随着经济社会快速发展，高质量数据以及数据互联互通和互操作的需求进一步提升，以解决标识确权、认证授权和安全交换等关键问题为核心的数据基础设施需求也将快速增加。
二、破解数据交易确权难定价难
推动数据资产化，在确权、定价、交易等关键环节还有哪些难题亟待解决？
李爱君（中国政法大学教授、博士生导师）：数据资产是指由个人或企业拥有或者控制的，能够为企业带来未来经济利益的，以物理或电子方式记录的数据资源。因此，对数据资源“拥有或者控制”和使其“带来经济利益”是数据资产化的两个最核心的内涵，即实现数据资产化的前提条件。对数据资源“拥有或者控制”的实现条件，除拥有和控制数据本身，还包括通过对数据资源所有人赋权，使其享有相应的法律手段，进而实现对个人或组织的数据财产权利进行保护和排除他人侵害。使数据资源“带来经济利益”，是个人或组织在合法合规的前提下，让数据资源以各种形式进行交易来实现的。实践表明，数据资源具有使用价值和交换价值，因此是可以进行交易的，但除可交易外，还要能够易定价。数据资源确权、交易和定价是实现数据资源“拥有或者控制”和“带来经济利益”的三个关键要素。
当前，我国数据要素市场发展尚处于起步阶段，数据要素的新特征十分复杂，对传统产权、流通等制度规范形成新的挑战，在全球范围内尚无成熟的解决方案。各国对数据的认识还不统一，数据要素确权、定价、交易、监管等配套制度尚未成型，数据交易确权难、定价难等共性难题在一定程度上制约了数据产业的良性发展。数字化转型网www.szhzxw.cn
首先，建立新型财产权制度，实现数据资源确权。建立新型财产权制度是从法律层面明确界定数据财产权归属，以此实现对数据资源“拥有或者控制”和使其“带来经济利益”。与现有财产权体系中的客体特征不同，数据具有无形性、可控性、可排他性、非竞争性等特征，同时承载利益主体多元化和利益形态多元化。因此，现有财产权制度难以涵盖数据财产权，且在构建逻辑上存在差异。需依据数据自身特征，建立数据资源持有权、数据加工使用权、数据产品经营权等分置的产权运行机制，同时行使控制、处理、处分和收益四项权能，进而对其归属分别划分，通过控制权能实现对数据资源的“拥有或者控制”，通过处理、处分和收益权能使数据资源“带来经济利益”。此外，数据控制权和处理权还可以通过处分实现让渡，赋予他人对特定数据的控制、处理等行为以合法性，从而实现产权分置。
其次，建立“所商分离”的场内数据交易机制，提供实现“带来经济利益”的有效途径。建立“所商分离”的场内数据交易机制，是指数据交易所或数据交易中心作为第三方服务机构只能为数据交易提供中介服务，包括提供信息搜集、信息公布、信息交互、交易撮合等，通过中立、公平、公正的交易建立场内交易各方信任机制，破解数据资源交易困境。目前，我国数据场内交易处于起步阶段，截至2022年底，由副省级以上政府牵头组建的数据交易场所已超过30家。由于统筹规划不够、数据确权和估值的限制、数据资产评估体系不完整、交易各方信任机制尚不健全、数据资产质量难以保障等因素，数据交易不活跃，数据交易市场尚未形成，一定程度上阻碍了数据资产化进程。《“十四五”数字经济发展规划》提出到2025年初步建立数据要素市场体系，并对充分发挥数据要素作用作出重要部署。推动数据要素市场化流通已成为世界各国数字经济发展的关键，欧盟于2020年2月发布《欧洲数据战略》构建跨部门数据流通治理框架，之后又相继出台《数据治理法案》《数字市场法》等法案，开始由注重安全保障向推动构建数据要素流通利用的规则体系迈进。
再次，建立“报价—估价—议价”的场内定价规则。造成数据资产定价难的原因有：数据的使用价值难以事先确定、数据质量难以评估、数据资产权属不清、数据资产来源审查难度较大等。这些使得数据资产定价难度高于其他资产。目前，数据资产定价均是针对特定应用场景（使用价值）的非标准化定价，未来构建数据资产定价规则体系，建议围绕数据资产、数据使用价值实现以及非标准化特征展开。例如，数据本身没有直接价值，通常在与具体场景相结合的过程中实现其潜在价值，这一过程就是数据资产化。而数据资产定价，需建立涵盖买方和卖方、数据交易所和第三方服务机构的价格形成机制，即“报价—估价—议价”的价格形成方式，通过数据卖方初步报价，再由第三方服务机构估价，最后由数据买方与卖方议价或集中竞价确定最终成交价。数字化转型网www.szhzxw.cn
三、方先行先试释放数据红利
各地推动数据要素资产化有哪些探索？
易成岐（国家信息中心大数据发展部规划与应用处副处长）：数据已成为数字经济时代的基础性战略资源、重要生产力和关键生产要素。自党的十九届四中全会《决定》增列数据作为生产要素以来，我国围绕数据基础制度构建、数字中国建设等先后出台了一系列重要政策文件，为加快推动数据资产化、释放数据要素价值、增强经济发展新动能提供了行动指南。
各地制定了相关政策和法律法规，围绕确权登记、价值评估、资产入表和生态培育等关键环节进行政策设计，激发数据要素市场活力。2022年9月，《深圳经济特区数字经济产业促进条例》提出推动建立数据资产评估机制、构建数据资产定价指标体系、制定数据价值评估准则；同年10月，浙江省财政厅组织起草了《数据资产确认工作指南（征求意见稿）》，探索从数据资产初始确认、后续确认和终止确认三方面填补数据资产确认标准空白；2023年6月，《深圳市数据产权登记管理暂行办法》提出，探索将数据产权登记应用于企业数据资产确认、融资抵押、数据要素型企业认定和数据生产要素统计核算等；同年7月，北京市印发《关于更好发挥数据要素作用进一步加快发展数字经济的实施意见》，提出开展数据资产登记，开展数据资产质量和价值评估，为数据资产流通提供价值和价格依据。
除了开展政策创新，一些地方从发挥数据要素作用出发，围绕强化供给体系、推动定价体系、健全交易体系等先行先试，探索建设数据交易场所，积极推进数据资产化，推动数据红利有效释放。
强化公共数据供给是引导社会加大数据供给、激活数据价值、加快数据资产化进程的关键所在。福建大数据交易所依托母公司福建省大数据集团优势，已实现大数据交易平台与福建省公共数据资源开发服务平台互联互通。截至2023年5月，已对接全省近7万个数据资源目录、近千亿条政务数据，汇聚460多个公共数据目录，上架50余款公共数据产品、200多款社会数据产品，为进一步夯实数据供给体系、加快公共数据与社会数据融合对接奠定了良好基础。数字化转型网www.szhzxw.cn
为探索符合数据要素特性的定价模式和价格形成机制，2023年2月，贵阳大数据交易所以数据产品开发成本为基准，综合引入数据成本、数据质量、隐私含量等多重客观因素，结合数据产品预估的商业模式、市场规模，研发上线“数据产品交易价格计算器”。为促进买卖双方议价、建立“报价—估价—议价”的定价体系提供了有益参考。
2023年9月，上海数据交易所在既有数据交易大厅基础上，上线以数据需方为主导，由数据供方及数据商认领需求并提供相应数据服务的需求大厅，以有效缓解数据交易前供需双方信息不对称问题。此外，还通过制定制度规范、设立专项激励资金等充分激发数据要素市场活力。目前，累计挂牌数据产品近1500个，8月份交易额已超1亿元，数据交易生态日益活跃。
从数据交易场所的功能定位来看，主要以公共属性和公益定位为主，重点围绕完善交易规则、降低交易成本、提供交易环境、培育交易生态等方面推动工作。其中，区域性数据交易场所侧重于推进区域内公共数据授权运营和具备区域特征的数据产品交易服务，目的是促进公共数据和社会数据融合开发应用；行业性数据交易平台则侧重于推动行业内数据要素高效流通、数字化转型和高价值转化，目的是促进数据要素与各行业融合应用。数字化转型网www.szhzxw.cn
值得关注的是，除各地组建的数据交易场所外，上海、湖北、河南、福建、成都等14个省市纷纷成立了国资背景的数据集团。相比数据交易场所，数据集团更强调市场属性，相比民营企业，则更突出基础性保障功能定位。数据集团更多会在当地数字基础设施建设、公共数据授权运营、数据要素产业投融资、数据资产运营管理等方面开展工作，与数据交易场所相辅相成、互为补充。
随着数据资产化进程加速，其衍生出的新兴商业模式也逐步成为社会关注焦点。近年来，北京银行城市副中心分行、光大银行深圳分行、中诚信托、中航信托、杭州高新金投控股等经营主体围绕数据资产质押融资、无质押数据增信、数据信托、数据证券化等方面开展实践探索，为数据资产化的政策制定、商业化落地提供了经验和借鉴。
翻译：
People’s Daily: Promote data assets to improve quality and efficiency
Data is an important factor of production in the new era and a basic strategic resource of the country. In recent years, a series of policies related to data capitalization have been introduced, both top-level design and specific measures, forming a strong force to promote data capitalization. The “14th Five-Year Plan” Big Data Industry Development Plan emphasizes the promotion of industry data assets and productization. In 2022, the Opinions on Building a Data Basic System to Better Play the Role of Data Elements proposed to safeguard the rights and interests of data resource assets in accordance with laws and regulations, and explore new modes of data asset entry into the statement. This issue invited experts to discuss related issues.数字化转型网www.szhzxw.cn
First, accelerate the transformation of data from resource to asset
What is data capitalization? What unique advantages does China have in promoting data assets?
Li Xiaodong (Researcher of Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, President of Fuxi Think Tank Internet Research Institute) : As a production factor with unique attributes, data has the characteristics of non-competition, unlimited supply, easy replication, and extremely low marginal cost, and runs through all aspects of digital production, management and operation. To play the role of data production factors is inseparable from data assets. And the key premise of data assets is to complete data ownership.
To play the role of data production factors. It is necessary to go through three links: resource conversion, asset conversion and capitalization. Among them, capitalization is the result of resource utilization and the starting point of capitalization. Which requires that the value creation contribution of data be recognized in the production process and the realization channel of value be provided.
In general, resources are those that can be identified, identified, utilized, and used to create value. Once a resource has been identified and identified, one can assess whether it is abundant and worth exploiting. The process of understanding the use of different data, and identifying and identifying the data is data resourcing. Data resource will form a certain scarcity, which leads to the need for optimal allocation of resources. Because of the difference in quality and scale. The information contained in different data sets and the dynamic distribution among different departments are different. Thus constituting the driving force of data element flow.数字化转型网www.szhzxw.cn
What is data capitalization? What unique advantages does China have in promoting data assets?
Capitalization is the process of confirming the ownership of expected income. Data capitalization means that the data can generate ongoing benefits in the future. And those benefits can be distributed based on certain property rights. In addition, the process of data resource, capital, capitalization, etc., is also the process of data creation. It is expected that this series of processes will gradually appear in the form of flow transformation of data elements. Which is different from the form of money capital movement in the traditional context. And the weight of data elements in the social production process will be significantly increased.
The key premise of assets is to clarify the structure of property rights. And to realize the confirmation of important rights and interests such as future ownership, use and income by building a property rights system that conforms to the characteristics of various production factors. Only after the right is confirmed can the distribution based on income and the transaction based on value be carried out. So as to continuously stimulate the high-quality supply of various elements. The confirmation of right includes not only the confirmation of ownership. But also the holding right, the processing right, the management right and so on. Especially for data, its creation process is different from traditional elements. And it has the characteristics of multi-party creation and fast circulation, so the right confirmation should not only cover single ownership. But also include multiple ownership forms such as multi-party ownership or common property rights.数字化转型网www.szhzxw.cn
What is data capitalization? What unique advantages does China have in promoting data assets?
In December 2022, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and The State Council issued the Opinions on Building a Data Basic System to Better Play the Role of Data Elements (hereinafter referred to as the “Data Article 20”), which proposed to establish a property rights operation mechanism for data resource holding rights, data processing rights, and data product management rights. Due to the complex property right structure of data. It is difficult to form a consensus on the definition of ownership. So the current work focuses on the exchange of use rights and value creation. And gradually promote the common in order to share and win.
In addition to institutional supply, data confirmation also needs specific technical system support. On the one hand, data is closely related to digital technologies, digital platforms, applications, etc. On the other hand, with the tightening of compliance policies such as data security. The decoupling of data and application (business) has become an important trend. And the demand for technical systems for data validation is increasing. Overall, this technical system needs unified identity management, ownership management, authentication mechanism, authorization management, algorithm management and classification.
What is data capitalization? What unique advantages does China have in promoting data assets?
After the introduction of “Data 20”, it further promoted the compliance and efficient circulation and use of public data, enterprise data and personal data. In February 2023, the “Overall Layout Plan for Digital China Construction” issued by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and The State Council made it clear that digital China construction would be laid out in accordance with the overall framework of “2522”. 数字化转型网www.szhzxw.cn
Among them, the compacted data resource system is especially proposed. In August of the same year, the Ministry of Finance formulated and issued the Interim Provisions on Accounting Treatment Related to Enterprise Data Resources, and the data resources were further entered into the table. At the same time, Beijing, Shanghai, Zhejiang and other places are also vigorously promoting the introduction of relevant laws and regulations on data assets. A series of institutional innovations have promoted the quality and efficiency of data assets.
What is data capitalization? What unique advantages does China have in promoting data assets?
According to the “Digital China Development Report (2022)”, China’s data output in 2022 will reach 8.1ZB, accounting for 10.5% of the global share, ranking second in the world, and there are rich data resources available for development. The rapid development of the market has laid a practical foundation for data capitalization. In recent years, Hubei, Tianjin, Zhejiang, Sichuan, Guizhou and other places have actively carried out pilot projects for typical application scenarios of data elements, and enterprises and public institutions have high enthusiasm for data application innovation, and application scenarios are increasingly rich.数字化转型网www.szhzxw.cn
At present, the total scale of data center computing power in use in China ranks second in the world, the mobile network coverage rate is 100%, and the world’s largest and leading technology network infrastructure has been built, laying a good foundation for the construction of data infrastructure to support data assets and fully release the value of data elements. With the rapid economic and social development. The demand for high-quality data and data connectivity and interoperability has been further increased. And the demand for data infrastructure centered on solving key issues such as identity verification, authentication and authorization, and secure exchange will also increase rapidly.
Second, crack the data transaction confirmation is difficult to price
To promote data assets, what problems need to be solved in the key links such as right confirmation, pricing, and trading?
Li Aijun (Professor and doctoral Supervisor, China University of Political Science and Law) :. Data assets refer to the physical or electronic recorded data resources owned or controlled by individuals or enterprises that can bring future economic benefits to enterprises. Therefore, “owning or controlling” and “bringing economic benefits” to data resources are the two core connotations of data capitalization, that is, the prerequisite for realizing data capitalization.
The conditions for the realization of “owning or controlling” data resources include not only owning and controlling the data itself. But also empowering the owner of the data resources to enjoy the corresponding legal means. So as to protect the data property rights of individuals or organizations and exclude the infringement of others. To “bring economic benefits” to data resources is to enable individuals or organizations to trade data resources in various forms under the premise of legal compliance. Practice shows that data resources have use value and exchange value. So they can be traded, but in addition to being tradable, they should be easy to price. Data resource ownership, transaction and pricing are the three key elements to realize “owning or controlling” and “bringing economic benefits” of data resources.数字化转型网www.szhzxw.cn
At present, the development of China’s data factor market is still in its infancy. And the new characteristics of data factor are very complex, which poses new challenges to traditional property rights, circulation and other institutional norms, and there is no mature solution in the global scope. Countries’ understanding of data is not uniform, supporting systems such as data element right confirmation, pricing, trading and supervision have not yet taken shape, and common problems such as difficult data transaction right confirmation and pricing have restricted the benign development of the data industry to a certain extent.
To promote data assets, what problems need to be solved in the key links such as right confirmation, pricing, and trading?
First of all, a new property right system should be established to confirm the right of data resources. The establishment of new property rights system is to clearly define the ownership of data property rights from the legal level. So as to realize the “ownership or control” of data resources and make it “bring economic benefits”. Different from the object characteristics in the existing property rights system, data has the characteristics of intangibility, controllability, exclusivity, non-competition, etc., and carries the diversification of interest subjects and interest forms.
Therefore, the existing property rights system is difficult to cover data property rights. And there are differences in the construction logic. According to the characteristics of data itself. It is necessary to establish a property right operation mechanism of data resource holding right. Data processing right, data product right and other separate rights, and exercise the four rights of control, processing, disposal and income at the same time. And then divide their ownership respectively, and realize the “ownership or control” of data resources through control rights. Data resources can be “economically beneficial” through processing, disposal and the right to profit. In addition, the right of data control and processing can also be transferred by disposition, giving others the legitimacy of the control and processing of specific data, so as to realize the separation of property rights.
To promote data assets, what problems need to be solved in the key links such as right confirmation, pricing, and trading?
Secondly, the establishment of “business separation” of the exchange data trading mechanism, to provide an effective way to achieve “bring economic benefits”. The establishment of the “separation of business” exchange data trading mechanism means that the index exchange or data trading center. As a third-party service institution, can only provide intermediary services for data trading. Including providing information collection, information announcement, information exchange, transaction matching, etc., through neutral, fair and just trading to establish the trust mechanism of all parties to the exchange. And solve the dilemma of data resource trading. 数字化转型网www.szhzxw.cn
At present, China’s data exchange trading is in its infancy, and by the end of 2022. There are more than 30 data trading venues led by sub-provincial governments. Due to insufficient overall planning, limitations on data ownership and valuation, incomplete data asset evaluation system, incomplete trust mechanism of transaction parties, and difficult to guarantee the quality of data assets, data trading is not active and data trading market has not yet formed, which hinders the process of data assets to a certain extent.
The “14th Five-Year Plan” for the Development of Digital Economy proposes to initially establish a data factor market system by 2025. And make important arrangements for giving full play to the role of data factors. Promoting the marketable circulation of data elements has become the key to the development of digital economy in countries around the world. The European Union issued the European Data Strategy in February 2020 to build a cross-departmental data circulation governance framework, followed by the Data Governance Act and the Digital Market Law, which began to move from focusing on security to promoting the construction of a rules system for the circulation and utilization of data elements.
To promote data assets, what problems need to be solved in the key links such as right confirmation, pricing, and trading?
Thirdly, the rules of “quotation – valuation – negotiation” are established. The reasons for the difficult pricing of data assets include:. The use value of data is difficult to determine in advance. The quality of data is difficult to evaluate. The ownership of data assets is unclear, and the source of data assets is difficult to review. This makes data assets more difficult to price than other assets. At present, data asset pricing is non-standardized pricing for specific application scenarios (use value). In the future, it is suggested to build a data asset pricing rule system around data assets. Data use value realization and non-standardized characteristics.
For example, data itself has no direct value. And its potential value is usually realized in the process of combining with specific scenarios, which is the process of data assets. In the pricing of data assets, it is necessary to establish a price formation mechanism covering buyers and sellers. Data exchanges and third-party service institutions. That is, the price formation mode of “quote-appraisal-negotiation”, through the initial price of the data seller. And then the third-party service institutions evaluate. And finally the final transaction price is determined by the data buyer and the seller’s negotiation or centralized bidding.数字化转型网www.szhzxw.cn
Third, first try to release the data dividend
What are the explorations in promoting the capitalization of data elements around the country?
Yi Chengqi (Deputy Director of the Planning and Application Division of the Big Data Development Department of the State Information Center) : Data has become a basic strategic resource, an important productive force and a key factor of production in the era of digital economy. Since the Fourth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee added data as a factor of production in its decision, China has issued a series of important policy documents on the construction of data basic systems and the construction of digital China, providing action guidelines for accelerating the promotion of data assets, releasing the value of data factors, and enhancing new drivers of economic development.
What are the explorations in promoting the capitalization of data elements around the country?
Local governments have formulated relevant policies, laws and regulations, designed policies around key links such as right confirmation and registration, value assessment, asset listing and ecological cultivation, and stimulated the vitality of the data factor market. In September 2022, the Regulations on the Promotion of Digital Economy Industry in Shenzhen Special Economic Zone proposed to promote the establishment of a data asset evaluation mechanism. The construction of a data asset pricing index system, and the formulation of data value evaluation criteria. In October of the same year, Zhejiang Provincial Department of Finance organized the drafting of the Data Asset Confirmation Work Guide (Draft for Comments), exploring the gaps in data asset confirmation standards from the initial confirmation, subsequent confirmation and termination of data asset confirmation;
In June 2023, the “Shenzhen Interim Measures for the Management of Data Property Registration” proposed to explore the application of data property registration to enterprise data asset confirmation, financing mortgage, data factor enterprise identification and data production factor statistical accounting; In July of the same year, Beijing issued the Implementation Opinions on Better Exerting the Role of Data Elements to Further Accelerate the Development of Digital Economy, proposing to carry out data asset registration, carry out data asset quality and value assessment. And provide value and price basis for the circulation of data assets.数字化转型网www.szhzxw.cn
What are the explorations in promoting the capitalization of data elements around the country?
In addition to carrying out policy innovation, some places start from the role of data elements. Focus on strengthening the supply system, promoting the pricing system, and improving the trading system, explore the construction of data trading venues, actively promote data assets, and promote the effective release of data dividends.
Strengthening the supply of public data is the key to guide the society to increase the supply of data, activate the value of data. And accelerate the process of data assets. Relying on the advantages of its parent company Fujian Big Data Group, Fujian Big Data Exchange has realized the interconnection between the big data trading platform and the Fujian public data resource development service platform. As of May 2023. It has connected with nearly 70,000 data resource catalogs and nearly 100 billion pieces of government data in the province. Gathered more than 460 public data catalogs, and put more than 50 public data products and more than 200 social data products on the shelves, laying a good foundation for further consolidating the data supply system and accelerating the integration and docking of public data and social data.
What are the explorations in promoting the capitalization of data elements around the country?
In order to explore the pricing model and price formation mechanism in line with the characteristics of data elements. In February 2023, Guiyang Big Data Exchange took data product development cost as the benchmark, comprehensively introduced multiple objective factors. Such as data cost, data quality and privacy content, combined with the business model and market size of data product estimation. And developed and launched the “data product trading price calculator”. It provides a useful reference for promoting the negotiation between buyers and sellers and establishing the pricing system of “quotation, valuation and negotiation”.
In September 2023, on the basis of the existing data trading hall. The Shanghai Data Exchange launched a demand hall led by the data demander. And the data provider and data provider claimed the demand and provided the corresponding data service. So as to effectively alleviate the information asymmetry between the supply and demand parties before data trading. In addition, through the formulation of institutional norms. The establishment of special incentive funds and other fully stimulate the vitality of the data factor market. At present, the total number of listed data products is nearly 1,500. And the transaction volume in August has exceeded 100 million yuan, and the data trading ecosystem is increasingly active.数字化转型网www.szhzxw.cn
What are the explorations in promoting the capitalization of data elements around the country?
From the perspective of functional positioning of data trading venues. It mainly focuses on public attributes and public interest positioning, focusing on improving transaction rules, reducing transaction costs, providing transaction environment, and cultivating transaction ecology. Among them, regional data trading venues focus on promoting public data authorization operations and data product trading services with regional characteristics in order to promote the integration of public data and social data development and application; The industry data trading platform focuses on promoting the efficient circulation, digital transformation and high-value transformation of data elements in the industry. With the aim of promoting the integration of data elements and industries.
It is worth noting that in addition to the data trading venues set up around the country. 14 provinces and cities such as Shanghai, Hubei, Henan, Fujian and Chengdu have set up state-backed data groups. Compared with data trading venues, data groups emphasize more market attributes. And more prominent basic guarantee function positioning compared with private enterprises. The data Group will carry out work in local digital infrastructure construction, public data authorization operation. Data element industry investment and financing, data asset operation and management. And complement and complement each other with data trading venues.数字化转型网www.szhzxw.cn
With the acceleration of the process of data capital. The emerging business model derived from it has gradually become the focus of social attention. In recent years, the Bank of Beijing City Sub-central Branch, Everbright Bank Shenzhen Branch, China Credit Trust, China Aviation Trust, Hangzhou Gaoxin Capital Investment Holdings and other business entities have carried out practical exploration on data asset pledge financing, non-pledge data credit enhancement, data trust, data securitization and other aspects, providing experience and reference for the policy formulation and commercialization of data assets.
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