导读：党的二十大报告强调，要加快发展数字经济，促进数字经济和实体经济深度融合。围绕数字经济和实体经济深度融合的一系列问题，学习时报高端智库版特约请有关部门负责人、专家、地方领导展开三方笔谈。
一、高水平推进实体经济数字化发展
数字经济作为极具创新活力的经济形态，迫切需要发挥放大叠加倍增的创新效应，加快与实体经济的深度融合，为经济高质量发展、建设中国式现代化提供不竭的新动能。
加快数字经济和实体经济深度融合意义重大。首先，加快“数实融合”是实现高质量发展的必由之路。数字经济与实体经济的深度融合，是打造数字化生产力、推进全产业链数字化转型升级的必由之路，是构建现代化经济体系的必然选择。当前，以大数据、云计算、人工智能为代表的新一代数字技术正在全面向经济社会各领域渗透，将数字技术应用于实体经济领域，有利于通过数据赋能、创新驱动、技术变革加快实现生产工艺革新、生产效率提升、生产协同优化，并不断孵化出新业态、新产业、新动能，全方位提升经济发展质量和效益，提升我国千行百业的国际竞争力。
其次，加快“数实融合”是对冲经济下行压力的必要之举。加快“数实融合”有利于以数字技术为抓手，重组经济要素资源、重塑传统产业结构，重构产业链供应链。尤其是对中小微企业而言，加快“数实融合”可以降低生产经营成本、拓展产品营销范围，为生产、经营、管理等各方面带来全新的思维和理念，为企业实现扭亏为盈提供转型升级、化危为机的新机遇，对正处于下行压力的实体经济产生重大而深远的推动效应。
再次，加快“数实融合”是加快促进共同富裕的必然选择。实现全体人民共同富裕是中国式现代化的重要特征之一。实体经济是解决就业问题、提高人民群众收入、改善人民群众生活的主导力量。加快“数实融合”有利于充分发挥数字技术的普惠作用，提升人民群众的数字素养和数字技能，加快推进数字城乡建设，充分发挥数字经济共创共享共赢的特点，不断缩小城乡差距、地区差距和收入差距，为实现共同富裕提供数字化转型动力。加快“数实融合”面临的主要问题。
一是融合发展不充分。当前，我国数字经济与实体经济融合已经取得一定成就，但“数实融合”在深度与广度上还不充分，实体经济数字化转型还存在着思维理念、资金投入、转型路径等现实制约，一些企业面临“不转型等死、转型是找死”的两难局面。传统企业对于数字技术应用、数据资源开发的程度也不足，尚未形成数字化渗透生产工艺的底层逻辑思维架构，难以实现数字化与企业生产经营的深度融合。
二是融合发展不均衡。二者发展不均衡主要体现在以下两个方面。一方面，数字化基础设施区域发展不均衡的现象仍然较为突出，我国不同地区、同一地区不同省份以及同一省份城乡之间均存在较大差距。欠发达地区高速宽带网络、互联网大数据中心等核心数字基础设施的建设和普及速度较为滞后，无法满足本地区“数实融合”发展需要。另一方面，数字技术在三大产业中的渗透率存在明显差距。2021年我国产业数字化在农业、工业和服务业中的渗透率分别为10%、22%、43%，农业和工业在“数实融合”发展中的质量和速度均大幅落后于服务业，“数实融合”仍有较大的提升空间。
三是关键核心技术自立自强水平还有待进一步提升。“工欲善其事，必先利其器。”掌握关键核心技术是推进“数实融合”的重要基础。现阶段，我国AI、大数据分析、量子通信等核心技术领域已在质量和数量上取得发展和突破，但是在高端芯片、工控系统、EDA软件、精密机床等关键核心技术领域与发达国家仍存在较大差距，自主创新水平和国产化率亟待进一步提升。
四是融合发展的安全基石待强化。当前，企业与个人对于网络的依赖度不断加深，伴随着数字经济与实体经济的深度融合，一些涉及企业与个人的机密数据、隐私数据存在着被泄露和滥用的风险。同时，一些数据基础设施存在设置“后门”的可能性，极大影响着网络安全与数据安全。此外，伴随着数字技术在实体经济领域的广泛应用，产业与业务的边界逐渐变得模糊，但数据产权的不确定、主体责任划分的不清晰，导致二者在融合发展过程中容易出现数据侵权、违法抄袭、利益划分不均等问题，严重阻碍了二者的深度融合。
加快“数实融合”深度发展。面对数字经济与实体经济融合发展中所遇到的挑战，需要进一步加快在政策、产业、人才、安全等领域的布局，以保证“数实融合”发展有章可循。
一是持续深化产业数字化转型，释放数字经济的放大叠加倍增效应。在政策引导上，加大对企业数字化转型的扶持力度，从思维理念上帮助企业认识到“数实融合”的必要性和紧迫性，化解中小企业“不愿转”问题。在方法路径上，梳理总结可复制可推广的数字化转型经验模式和典型案例，化解中小企业不会转、不敢转的问题。在资金支持上，加大对企业提供普惠性质的金融帮扶力度，为企业提供标准化、精准化的服务与支持，多措并举帮助企业在“数实融合”中实现敢转、会转、能转。
二是适度超前部署数字基础设施建设，筑牢数字经济的发展根基。针对数字基础设施区域布局不均衡、赋能作用不突出等问题，统筹规划落后地区数字基础设施建设，实现均衡布局，避免重复建设。针对三大产业构建面向细分市场的产业互联网数字平台，以产业融合应用场景创新推动互联网在三大产业中深化应用，推动各领域产业链、资金链、创新链数字化转型，加快提升数字技术在三大产业中的渗透率，培育全球先进完善的数字化产业集群。
三是坚决打赢关键核心技术攻坚战，牢牢掌握数字经济发展自主权。以“十四五”时期数字经济发展和数字社会转型为契机，面向经济社会数字化实际需求，健全完善新型举国体制，推动创新链产业链资金链人才链深度融合，聚焦新一代信息通信技术和数字技术发展前沿，增强自主创新能力，加快芯片、传感器、工业物联网等关键核心技术攻坚突破。以“东数西算”“上云用数赋智”等行动为契机，丰富关键核心技术攻坚的应用场景，加快形成供需迭代的创新循环，鼓励企业、机构与高校深度合作，集聚多方力量协同开展技术攻关创新。
四是全面加强网络和数据安全能力，筑牢安全发展屏障。推进“数实融合”必须坚持发展与安全并重的原则，高度重视实体经济数字化转型后面临的安全风险挑战，发挥我国超大规模市场优势，加强网络安全技术和产品的自主创新能力，加强网络安全防护体系建设，做大做强网络安全产业。尤其需强化产业互联网安全，注重工控系统、工业云平台、数据要素平台等的安全防护能力建设，为“数实融合”提供安全良好的环境。
作者：周民 国家信息中心副主任
二、让数据要素成为“数实融合”新动能
数据要素，是人类社会步入数字文明时代的新产物，是继土地、劳动力、管理、技术、资本等之后的生产要素新形态，是优化生产资源高效配置、创造数字经济生产力、探索构建数字经济新型生产关系的新基因，更是促进数字经济和实体经济深度融合、推动经济高质量发展和构筑国际竞争新优势的新动能。
党的十八大以来，我国高度重视数据要素的作用和价值，明确数据是基础性资源和战略性资源，也是重要生产力的属性。“十四五”规划对“打造数字经济新优势”作出了政策部署，强调激活数据要素潜能，充分发挥海量数据和丰富应用场景优势，促进“数实融合”。值得注意的是，从目前进展来看，尚存在数据要素赋能规律认识不清、数据资源配置供需失衡、数据应用场景模糊虚化、对“数实融合”赋能作用不够明显等问题，亟待逐一破解。
构建完善数据基础制度体系。不以规矩，不成方圆。数据基础制度建设事关国家发展和安全大局，加快推动“数实融合”需要把数据基础制度建设挺在前头。前期公布的《中共中央 国务院关于构建数据基础制度更好发挥数据要素作用的意见》明确提出要加快构建数据基础制度，从数据产权、流通交易、收益分配和数据要素治理方面统筹谋划了20条政策举措，系统搭建了数据基础制度的“四梁八柱”，科学擎画了未来一段时间我国数据基础制度体系建设的宏伟蓝图。一方面，“数据二十条”为我国深入推进经济、社会全域数字化改革提供了重要遵循，筑牢了制度基座，有利于为“数实融合”提供强有力的制度保障。应切实把“数据二十条”落到实处，加快破除长期以来阻碍数据要素生产、供给、流通、使用的体制机制障碍。重点完善关系数据安全、数据流动、数据赋能的基础制度体系，不断优化“数实融合”的制度环境，使数据要素流动更平稳安全，实体经济数字化转型升级更快捷高效，充分激发经济高质量发展的蓬勃动能。
深化数据要素市场化配置改革。市场化配置是发挥数据要素潜能、促进数字经济和实体经济深度融合的必然要求。以制造业为例，其数字化转型升级涉及供应链上下游、产业链众多环节与服务链各节点，如果没有数据要素的全生命周期流动，就难以实现各链条各环节各节点之间的无缝衔接和有机融合，更难以持续优化业务流程、不断降低生产交易成本和实现效率变革、动力变革、质量变革。首先，破除数据产权难题。明确数据要素的权、责、利，将数据权利和义务写进部门“三定”方案，鼓励地方政府创新探索既有“三定”方案向增补数据权利和义务的“四定”方案转变的制度设计，着眼于解决“九龙治水”困境，从根本上消解互联互通难、数据共享难、业务协同难、开发利用难的多重羁绊。其次，加快形成全国统一的数据要素市场体系和有序高效的市场化配置新格局。加快“深藏闺中”的政务大数据向社会共享开放，充分让政务大数据与经济发展深度融合。鼓励地方创新数据定价机制，真正使公共数据在快速流动中给“数实融合”赋予新动能。最后，还需把好数据运营管理“问题脉”，从根本上解决数据要素授权合法性、授权不授责、市场公平性难题。有地方推出的两级数据要素市场改革就畅通了数据共享、流通和交易全流程，在数据要素市场化配置改革方面初步蹚出了一条管用的新路子。
实现数据、技术、场景、应用深度融合。如果脱离了数据和技术，实体经济数字化转型就会举步维艰，“数实融合”更会成为无源之水。反之，如果没有场景和应用，数据和技术则会陷入“英雄无用武之地”的困境。一方面，充分认识数字产业化是数字经济“先手棋”的作用，加快数字产业化向纵深发展。聚焦电子信息制造业、信息通信业、软件服务业、互联网业等核心产业，在传统的互联网、大数据、人工智能、云计算、应用软件、电子信息等领域打造一大批数字产业化项目，加快培育一批“专精特新”企业。强化数字孪生、工业互联网、量子计算、区块链、元宇宙等领域技术创新，推出具有世界水准的硬核产品，加快实现由跟跑到并跑再到领跑的转变，真正从根本上解决技术“卡脖子”问题。另一方面，牢牢发挥产业数字化主阵地作用。加快“上云用数赋智”进程，牵紧制造业数字化转型这个“牛鼻子”，推动企业提升数字化认知能力、组织管理能力、网络协同能力、智能应用能力、数据治理能力和安全防护能力。以数据要素为牵引提高全要素生产率，加快实现数字技术和传统产业融合共生，利用元宇宙、ChatGPT等新一代信息技术对传统产业进行全方位、全角度、全链条、全周期的数字化、网络化、智能化改造，推动工业制造、农业生产、城市治理等场景数字化重塑，不断创新催生新产业、新业态、新模式，充分释放数据要素对“数实融合”发展的倍增作用。
作者：翟云 中央党校（国家行政学院）公共管理教研部研究员
三、产业数字化：打造数字经济的“第二增长曲线”
实体经济是一国经济的立身之本和命脉所在，数字经济是当今世界科技革命和产业变革的阵地前沿，推动数字经济和实体经济融合发展，已经成为新形势下主动把握新机遇、打造新引擎、实现经济高质量发展的必然选择。但在数字经济高速发展的过程中，关键技术有待突破、经济发展“脱实向虚”等风险逐步凸显，必须进一步强化数据作为生产要素的基本特征，构建数字经济“第二增长曲线”。数字经济的下半篇文章，应重点聚焦三个方面的工作。
以创新策源为引领，打造产业数字化“主力军”。数字技术进步需要突破摩尔定律，以科技创新赋能经济社会发展为目标，紧盯前沿科技领域基础研究，勇闯“无人区”，持续提升数字经济的核心产业能级。一是牵住自主创新“牛鼻子”，聚焦高端芯片、操作系统、人工智能、区块链等关键核心技术攻关，支持相关实验室等国家战略力量、有关研究院等新型研发机构发展，推进科研院所、高校、企业科研力量优化配置和资源共享，聚智汇力加速战略性颠覆性技术创新。二是补齐产业基础能力短板，聚焦基础软件、集成电路、重大装备等重点领域，补齐链条上基础零部件、关键基础材料、先进基础工艺、产业技术基础等短板，着力解决“缺芯少魂”问题。三是加快推进特色集群建设，以国家战略为引领，结合域内先导产业和重点产业布局，重点围绕优势特色领域，加强顶层设计牵引和政策资源倾斜，以重大项目、重要平台为抓手，打造全球领先、安全可控的数字产业链供应链。
以数字基建为基础，释放产业数字化乘数效应。充分发挥新型基础设施在数据赋能过程中的基础支撑作用，以数字基建为基础，努力抢占核心数据战略资产，促进各类数据要素红利充分释放。一是夯实基础底座。聚焦信息通信基础设施、算力基础设施、融合基础设施三大方向，抓住关键领域薄弱环节，强化算力统筹和智能调度，系统推进大规模、绿色低碳数据中心等新型基础设施建设，提升面向特定场景的数据中心跨网络、跨地域边缘计算能力和数据交互能力。二是促进要素转换。一方面推动要素数据化，搭建要素跨领域、跨主体、跨区域共享的数字平台，构建数字化要素供应链体系，实现对传统要素的实时监测、统一调度和需求匹配；另一方面加速数据要素化，提升各类主体管理数据、运用数据、开发数据的能力，强化数据权属、价值评估、定价交易、流通规则等机制创新和数据要素市场化试点，促进数据汇聚整合、深度加工和增值利用。比如徐汇区联合企业打造轻应用开发平台，已整合政务服务领域的数百个APP、小程序，打造开放赋能的智能城市操作系统。
以融合发展为路径，开辟产业数字化“主阵地”。产业数字化作为数实融合的显著特征和主要战场，必须持续发挥企业主力军作用，以域内的海量数据和应用场景为牵引，推动产业数字化深化融合。一是加快企业转型，通过“上云用数赋智”，引导企业运用数字技术开展全要素、全流程、全链条改造，深化数据管理和开发利用，提升研发设计、生产制造、经营管理、市场服务等全生命周期智能化水平。可通过对企业参与两化融合贯标、算力采购予以专项补贴，激发市场主体创新活力，切实推动“数实融合”迈向价值链中高端水平。二是深化行业赋能，面向制造、能源、交通、物流、医疗等关键领域，全面制定数字化转型路线图，重点结合域内特色优势产业，强化行业标杆引领，打造特色优势领域“数实融合”新范式。比如上海结合人工智能、生命健康产业优势，连续3年推动人工智能医疗院地合作项目建设，支持8家三甲医院与区域人工智能企业共建可复制、可推广的人工智能医疗应用场景。又比如发挥云科技行业数字化赋能中心大型平台的技术、数据、服务等资源优势，培育了一批专业化、高水平的数字化转型解决方案服务商，带动更广范围、更高水平、更深层次的行业数字化转型发展。三是打造未来城市，在企业生产、城市建管、社会民生等领域，以“一网统管”和“一网通办”为牵引，积极探索、集成创新，加快推进未来社区、未来出行、未来医疗、未来娱乐等全领域、全地域、全流程的场景创新，着力构建数字孪生的未来城市。
同时，“数实融合”改变了传统产业的运行逻辑、业务流程和竞争规律，传统行业治理政策、手段难以适应其跨界发展、融合发展要求。需围绕一流营商环境建设，注重产业数字化理论研究和政策先行先试，加强创新人才引育，优化资本市场支撑，着力构建政府主导、企业自治、行业自律、社会监督的多元共治模式，积极为产业数字化营造融合创新、宽容失败的营商服务环境。
翻译：
The report on the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China has stressed the need to accelerate the development of the digital economy and promote the deep integration of the digital economy and the real economy. On a series of issues concerning the deep integration of the digital economy and the real economy, the high-end think tank edition of the Study Times invited the heads of relevant departments, experts and local leaders to hold a three-way interview.
Promoting digital development of the real economy at a high level
The digital economy, as an economic form with great vitality for innovation, urgently needs to give full play to its innovative effect of amplification, superposition and multiplication, accelerate its deep integration with the real economy, and provide inexhaustible new driving force for high-quality economic development and Chinese-style modernization.
Accelerating the deeper integration of the digital economy and the real economy is of great significance.
First, accelerating the integration of data and reality is the only way to achieve high-quality development.
The deep integration of the digital economy and the real economy is the only way to build digital productivity and promote the digital transformation and upgrading of the whole industrial chain. It is also the inevitable choice to build a modern economic system. At present, the new generation of digital technologies represented by big data, cloud computing and artificial intelligence are penetrating into all sectors of the economy and society. The application of digital technologies to the real economy will help accelerate the realization of production process innovation, production efficiency improvement and collaborative optimization through data empowerment, innovation-driven and technological change, and constantly incubate new business forms, new industries and new drivers of production. Comprehensively improve the quality and efficiency of economic development, and enhance the international competitiveness of thousands of industries.
Second, accelerating the “integration of data and real” is necessary to hedge against downward economic pressure.
Accelerating the “integration of data and reality” is conducive to reorganizing economic factor resources, reshaping traditional industrial structure, and reconstructing industrial chain and supply chain with digital technology as the starting point. Especially for small, medium and micro enterprises, accelerating the “integration of data and reality” can reduce production and operation costs, expand product marketing scope, bring brand new thinking and concepts for production, operation, management and other aspects, provide enterprises with new opportunities to transform and upgrade, turn crisis into opportunity, and have a significant and far-reaching promoting effect on the real economy which is under downward pressure.
Third, accelerating the integration of data and reality is an inevitable choice to accelerate the promotion of common prosperity.
Achieving common prosperity for all the people is one of the important features of Chinese modernization. The real economy is the leading force for solving the problem of employment, raising people’s incomes and improving people’s lives. Accelerating the “integration of digital and real” will help give full play to the inclusive role of digital technologies, improve people’s digital literacy and skills, accelerate the development of digital urban and rural areas, give full play to the characteristics of the digital economy to create shared benefits, constantly narrow the urban-rural, regional and income gaps, and provide impetus for digital transformation to achieve common prosperity.
The main problem of accelerating the integration of data and reality.
First, integrated development is insufficient.
At present, the integration of digital economy and real economy has made some achievements in our country. But the depth and breadth of the “integration of real economy” is not sufficient. The digital transition of real economy still has practical constraints such as ideas, capital investment, transformation path, and so on. Some enterprises face the dilemma of “not waiting for death, transformation is looking for death”. Traditional enterprises are also insufficient in the application of digital technology and the development of data resources. And have not yet formed the underlying logical thinking framework for digital penetration of production technology. So it is difficult to realize the deep integration of digitalization and enterprise production and operation.
Second, uneven integration and development.
The unbalanced development of the two is mainly reflected in the following two aspects. On the one hand, the phenomenon of unbalanced development of digital infrastructure is still prominent. And there is great gap between different regions, different provinces in the same region. And urban and rural areas in the same province. In underdeveloped regions, the construction and popularization of core digital infrastructure such as high-speed broadband networks and Internet big data centers are lagging behind, failing to meet the needs of “digital and real integration” in their development.
On the other hand, there is an obvious gap in the penetration rate of digital technology in the three industries. In 2021, the penetration rates of industry digitalization in agriculture, industry and service industry are 10%, 22% and 43%, respectively. The quality and speed of the development of “digitalization integration” in agriculture and industry are much lower than that of the service industry. And there is still a large room for improvement in “digitalization integration”.
Third, the level of self-reliance in key core technologies needs to be further improved.
“If a worker wants to do a good job, he must first sharpen his tools.” Mastering key core technologies is an important basis for promoting the integration of data and reality. At present, China has made breakthroughs in quality and quantity in core technology fields. Such as AI, big data analysis and quantum communication. However, there is still a big gap between China and developed countries in key core technology fields such as high-end chips, industrial control systems, EDA software and precision machine tools. The level of independent innovation and localization rate need to be further improved.
Fourth, the security foundation for integrated development needs to be strengthened.
At present, enterprises and individuals are increasingly dependent on the network. With the deep integration of digital economy and real economy. Some confidential data and private data involving enterprises and individuals are at risk of being leaked and abused. At the same time, some data infrastructure exists the possibility of setting “back door”. Which greatly affects network security and data security. In addition, with the wide application of digital technology in the field of real economy. The boundary between industry and business has gradually become blurred. But the uncertainty of data property rights and the unclear division of subject responsibilities lead to the problems of data infringement, illegal plagiarism and unequal division of interests in the process of integration and development of the two, which seriously hinder the deep integration of the two.
We will accelerate the deepening of integration of data and real data. In the face of challenges in the integrated development of digital economy and real economy. It is necessary to further accelerate the layout of policies, industries, talents, security and other fields. So as to ensure that the development of the integration of digital and real economy has rules to follow.
First, we will continue to deepen industrial digital transformation and unleash the amplifying, overlapping and multiplying effects of the digital economy.
In terms of policy guidance, strengthen support for enterprises’ digital transformation, help enterprises realize the necessity and urgency of “integration of numbers and reality” from the perspective of thinking and concept. And resolve the problem of smes’ reluctance to transfer. In terms of methods and paths, the empirical models and typical cases of digital transformation that can be copied and promoted are summarized. So as to solve the problem that small and medium-sized enterprises cannot or dare not make a change. In terms of financial support, we will increase our efforts to provide inclusive financial assistance to enterprises, provide standardized and precise services and support to enterprises. And take multiple measures to help enterprises realize daring, ability and capability in the “integration of data and reality”.
Second, we need to advance the deployment of digital infrastructure to lay a solid foundation for the development of the digital economy.
In view of problems such as unbalanced regional distribution of digital infrastructure and weak enabling effect. Digital infrastructure construction in backward areas should be planned as a whole to achieve balanced distribution and avoid duplication of construction. To build an industrial Internet digital platform facing market segments for the three industries, promote the deepening application of the Internet in the three industries with the innovation of industrial convergence application scenarios, promote the digital transformation of industrial chain, capital chain and innovation chain in various fields, accelerate the improvement of the penetration rate of digital technology in the three industries. And cultivate a global advanced and perfect digital industrial cluster.
Third, we must resolutely win the battle against key and core technologies and firmly control the right to develop the digital economy.
Taking the development of the digital economy and the transformation of the digital society during the 14th Five-Year Plan period as an opportunity to meet the actual needs of the digital economy and society, we will improve the new nationwide system, promote the deep integration of innovation chains, industrial chains, capital chains and human resources chains, focus on the forefront of the development of next-generation information and communications technologies and digital technologies, and enhance our capacity for independent innovation.
We will accelerate breakthroughs in key core technologies such as chips, sensors and the industrial Internet of Things. Taking such actions as “counting from the East to the West” and “Applying data to the cloud to enrich the application scenarios of key core technologies, accelerate the formation of an innovation cycle of supply and demand iteration, encourage enterprises, institutions and universities to cooperate deeply. And gather various forces to jointly carry out technological innovation.
Fourth, comprehensively strengthen network and data security capabilities to build a strong barrier to secure development.
To promote the integration of data and reality. We must attach equal importance to both development and security, attach great importance to the security risks and challenges faced by the real economy after the digital transformation, give full play to the advantages of China’s super-large market, strengthen the independent innovation ability of cybersecurity technologies and products, strengthen the construction of cybersecurity protection systems. And expand and strengthen the cybersecurity industry. In particular, it is necessary to strengthen industrial Internet security, pay attention to the construction of security protection capacity of industrial control system, industrial cloud platform, data element platform, etc. So as to provide a safe and sound environment for “data-real integration”.
Author: Zhou Min, Deputy Director of State Information Center
Second, let data elements become the new driving force of “digital and real integration”
Data elements are a new product of human society entering the era of digital civilization. A new form of production factors after land, labor, management, technology and capital. And a new gene for optimizing efficient allocation of production resources. Creating productivity of digital economy and exploring the construction of new production relations of digital economy. It is also a new driving force for deeper integration of the digital economy and the real economy, high-quality economic development and new advantages in international competition.
Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, China has attached great importance to the role and value of data elements, identifying data as basic and strategic resources as well as an attribute of important productive forces. The 14th Five-Year Plan makes policy arrangements for “building new advantages of the digital economy”. It emphasizes activating the potential of data elements, giving full play to the advantages of massive data and diverse application scenarios. And promoting the integration of data and reality. It is worth noting that from the current progress, there are still some problems. Such as unclear understanding of the enabling law of data elements. Imbalance between supply and demand of data resource allocation, blurred data application scenarios. And insufficient enabling effect on “data-real integration”, which need to be solved one by one.
Build and improve the system of data foundation.
No rules, no square. The construction of data infrastructure has a bearing on the overall situation of national development and security. To accelerate the promotion of “integration of data and real”. The construction of data infrastructure needs to be put in the forefront. The Opinions of the CPC Central Committee and The State Council on Building a Data Base System to Better Play the Role of Data Elements released earlier clearly proposed to speed up the construction of data base system. And planned 20 policy measures from data property rights, circulation and trading, income distribution and data element governance. And systematically built the “four beams and eight pillars” of data base system. Science holds a grand blueprint of the construction of data base system of our country in the future.
On the one hand, the “20 data” provides important compliance for the deepening of our economic and social digital reform. And builds the base of the system. Which is conducive to providing strong institutional guarantee for the “integration of numbers and reality”. It is necessary to implement Article 20 of Data in full force and speed up the removal of institutional obstacles that have long hindered the production, supply, circulation and use of data elements. We will focus on improving the basic institutional systems for relational data security, data flow, and data empowerment. And constantly optimize the institutional environment for the integration of data and real data. So as to make the flow of data elements more stable and secure. The digital transformation and upgrading of the real economy more efficient and efficient. And fully stimulate the vigorous driving force for high-quality economic development.
We will deepen market-oriented allocation of data factors.
Market allocation is an inevitable requirement for tapping the potential of data factors and promoting the deep integration of the digital economy and the real economy. Take the manufacturing industry as an example, its digital transformation and upgrading involves the upstream and downstream of the supply chain, numerous links of the industrial chain and nodes of the service chain. Without the full life cycle flow of data elements. It is difficult to realize seamless connection and organic integration between all links and nodes of the chain. It is more difficult to continuously optimize business processes, continuously reduce production and transaction costs. And achieve efficiency change, power change, quality change.
First, remove the problem of data property rights. Clarify the rights, responsibilities and benefits of data elements, write data rights and obligations into the “three determinations” plan of departments, encourage local governments to innovate and explore the system design of transforming the existing “three determinations” plan into the “four determinations” plan that adds data rights and obligations, and focus on solving the dilemma of “water control in Kowloon”. We will fundamentally remove the obstacles of connectivity, data sharing, business collaboration, and development and utilization.
Secondly, we should speed up the formation of a national unified data factor market system and a new pattern of orderly and efficient market allocation.
We will speed up the opening up of government big data, which is hidden in our bosom, to the public. And fully integrate government big data into economic development. Local governments will be encouraged to innovate data pricing mechanisms. So that the rapid flow of public data will give new momentum to the integration of data and real data.
Finally, the “problem pulse” of data operation and management should be well addressed to fundamentally solve the problems of data element authorization legitimacy, authorization without accountability and market fairness. The two-tier data factor market reform introduced by some local governments has unimpeded the whole process of data sharing, circulation and trading, and initially waded into a useful new path in the market-oriented allocation of data factors.
Achieve deep integration of data, technologies, scenarios, and applications.
Without data and technology, the digital transformation of the real economy will be difficult. And the “integration of data and reality” will become a water without a source. On the other hand, without scenarios and applications, data and technology are stuck in a “heroes of nowhere” situation.
On the one hand, the digital industrialization is fully recognized as the role of digital economy “pioneer chess”, accelerate the development of digital industrialization to the depth. Focusing on core industries such as electronic information manufacturing, information communication, software service. And Internet, we will develop a large number of digital industrialization projects in traditional fields. Such as the Internet, big data, artificial intelligence, cloud computing, application software. And electronic information, and accelerate the cultivation of a number of “specialized and innovative” enterprises. We will intensify technological innovation in digital twin, industrial Internet, quantum computing, blockchain, metacomverse. And other fields, introduce world-class core products, and accelerate the transformation from following up to running and then to leading. So as to fundamentally solve the problem of technological bottlenecks.
On the other hand, we will give full play to the role of industrial digitization.
We will speed up the process of “using data to bring wisdom to the cloud”, tighten the “bull trunk” of the digital transformation of the manufacturing industry, and promote enterprises to improve their digital cognitive ability, organizational management ability, network collaboration ability, intelligent application ability, data governance ability and security protection ability. To improve the total factor productivity with the traction of data elements, accelerate the integration and symbiosis of digital technology and traditional industries, use metacom, ChatGPT and other new generation information technologies to carry out all-round, all-angle, whole-chain and whole-cycle digital, networked and intelligent transformation of traditional industries. And promote the digital reshaping of industrial manufacturing, agricultural production, urban governance and other scenes. We will continue to create new industries, new business forms and new models through innovation. And fully release the multiplier effect of data elements on the development of the integration of data and real data.
Zhai Yun is a researcher at the Teaching and Research Department of Public Administration, Party School of the CPC Central Committee (Chinese Academy of Governance)
Industrial Digitalization: Building the “Second Growth Curve” of Digital Economy
The real economy is the foundation and lifeblood of a country’s economy. And the digital economy is at the forefront of the scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation in today’s world. To promote the integrated development of the digital economy and the real economy has become the inevitable choice to seize new opportunities, build new engines and achieve high-quality economic development under the new situation. However, in the process of rapid development of digital economy, risks such as key technologies to be broken through and economic development “from real to virtual” gradually become prominent. Therefore, it is necessary to further strengthen the basic characteristics of data as production factors and build the “second growth curve” of digital economy. The second half of this article on the digital economy should focus on three areas of work.
To create the “main force” of industrial digitalization with the guidance of innovation policy source.
The progress of digital technology needs to break Moore’s Law, take scientific and technological innovation as the goal of enabling economic and social development, focus on basic research in frontier scientific and technological fields, brave the “no man’s land”. And continuously upgrade the level of core industries of digital economy. First, we will focus on independent innovation by tackling key core technologies. Sas high-end chips, operating systems, artificial intelligence, and blockchain. We will support the development of national strategic forces such as laboratories and new R&D institutions such as research institutes. We will optimize the allocation of research forces and resource sharing among research institutes, universities, and enterprises. And pool our wisdom to accelerate strategic and disruptive technological innovation.
Second, we will strengthen the weak areas of basic industrial capacity. Focusing on key areas such as basic software, integrated circuits and major equipment. We will strengthen the weak areas such as basic components, key basic materials, advanced basic technologies and industrial technology. And strive to solve the problem of “lack of core and lack of soul”. Third, accelerate the construction of characteristic clusters, take the national strategy as the guide, combine the layout of leading industries and key industries within the region, focus on advantageous characteristic fields, strengthen the traction of top-level design and policy resources, and build a global leading, safe and controllable digital industrial chain and supply chain with major projects and important platforms as the starting point.
On the basis of digital infrastructure, industrial digital multiplier effect will be released.
Give full play to the basic supporting role of new infrastructure in the process of data empowerment. Seize core data strategic assets on the basis of digital infrastructure. And promote the full release of dividends of various data elements. One is to tamp the foundation base. Focusing on the three directions of information and communication infrastructure, computing infrastructure, and convergence infrastructure. We will focus on weak links in key areas, strengthen pooling and intelligent scheduling of computing power, ystematically promote the construction of large-scale, green and low-carbon data centers and other new infrastructure. And improve the cross-network and cross-regional edge computing capabilities and data interaction capabilities of data centers for specific scenarios.
Second, promote factor conversion. On the one hand, it promotes the data of factors, builds a digital platform for cross-domain, cross-subject and cross-regional sharing of factors, builds a digital factor supply chain system. And realizes real-time monitoring, unified scheduling and demand matching of traditional factors. On the other hand, it will accelerate the data factionalization, improve the ability of various subjects to manage, use and develop data, strengthen mechanism innovation of data ownership, value evaluation, pricing and trading, circulation rules. And market pilot data factors, and promote data convergence and integration, deep processing and value-added utilization. For example, Xuhui District has cooperated with enterprises to build a light application development platform. Which has integrated hundreds of apps and small programs in the field of government services to build an open and empowered smart city operating system.
Take integration development as the path to open up the “main position” of industry digitization.
As a significant feature and main battlefield of digital-real integration, industrial digitalization must continue to play the role of the main force of enterprises. And promote the deepening of industrial digitalization integration with the mass data and application scenarios within the domain.
First, accelerate the transformation of enterprises. Through the “cloud-based data intelligence”, enterprises are guided to use digital technology to carry out whole-factor. Whole-process and whole-chain transformation, deepen data management, development and utilization, and improve the intelligence level of R&D, design, production and manufacturing, operation and management, market services and other life-cycle aspects. Special subsidies can be given to enterprises to participate in the implementation of the standards of the integration of the two processes and the procurement of computing power, so as to stimulate the innovation vitality of market players and effectively promote the “integration of data and real” to the medium-high level of the value chain.
Second, we will deepen industrial empowerment.
We will formulate a digital transformation roadmap for key sectors such as manufacturing, energy, transportation, logistics, and medical care. We will focus on the combination of industries with unique advantages within the region, strengthen the guidance of industry benchmarks. And create a new paradigm of “integration of data and reality” in areas with unique advantages.
For example, in combination with its advantages in AI and life and health industries, Shanghai has promoted the construction of AI medical hospital-local cooperation projects for three consecutive years, supporting 8 third-class hospitals and regional AI enterprises to build replicable and promotable AI medical application scenarios. Another example is to give full play to the resource advantages of technology, data, services and other resources of the large platform of the digital enabling center of cloud technology industry. Cultivate a group of professional and high-level digital transformation solution service providers. And drive a wider range, higher level and deeper level of industrial digital transformation and development.
Third, to build a future city. In the fields of enterprise production, urban construction management, social livelihood and so on, guided by “one network management” and “One network operation”, it actively explores and integrates innovation, accelerates the scene innovation in the whole field, region and process of future community, future travel, future medical treatment, future entertainment and so on. And focuses on building a future city of digital twin.
At the same time, the “integration of data and reality” has changed the operation logic, business process and competition law of traditional industries
At the same time, the “integration of data and reality” has changed the operation logic, business process and competition law of traditional industries, and the governance policies and means of traditional industries are difficult to meet the requirements of cross-border development and integrated development. It is necessary to focus on the construction of a first-class business environment, pay attention to industrial digitalization theoretical research and policy trials, strengthen the cultivation of innovative talents, optimize the support of the capital market, strive to build a pluralistic co-governance model featuring government leadership, enterprise autonomy, industry self-discipline and social supervision. And actively create a business service environment that integrates innovation and tolerates failure for industrial digitalization.
本文由数字化转型网（www.szhzxw.cn）转载而成，来源：中宏国研经济研究院；编辑/翻译：数字化转型网宁檬树。
免责声明: 本网站(http://www.szhzxw.cn/)内容主要来自原创、合作媒体供稿和第三方投稿，凡在本网站出现的信息，均仅供参考。本网站将尽力确保所提供信息的准确性及可靠性，但不保证有关资料的准确性及可靠性，读者在使用前请进一步核实，并对任何自主决定的行为负责。本网站对有关资料所引致的错误、不确或遗漏，概不负任何法律责任。
本网站刊载的所有内容(包括但不仅限文字、图片、LOGO、音频、视频、软件、程序等) 版权归原作者所有。任何单位或个人认为本网站中的内容可能涉嫌侵犯其知识产权或存在不实内容时，请及时通知本站，予以删除。
