2022年6月24日，世界智能制造大会在天津正式开幕。周济院士作为专家代表进行演讲，主题为智能制造与制造业数字化转型、智能化升级。
一、智能制造是推进制造强国战略的主攻方向
进入新时代，国家确定并倾力推进制造强国战略，加快建设制造强国，加快发展先进制造业已经成为我国的国家战略。经过多年的奋斗，我国已经成为一个名副其实的世界制造大国。但是我国制造业大而不强，存在着突出的问题，面临着严峻的挑战。整体而言，中国制造业整体竞争力还不强，从制造大国迈向制造强国，中国制造业任重而道远。
立足国情，立足现实，我国确定了三步走的制造强国战略部署。经过三步，中国制造2025，中国制造2035，中国制造2045 ；经过三十年的奋斗，中国制造业将成为世界领先的制造强国。
推进制造强国战略，要走一条什么样的技术路线？总书记明确指出，要推进智能制造，推动制造业加速向数字化、网络化、智能化发展；要以智能制造为主攻方向，促进我国产业迈向全球价值链中高端。今后十五年，正是智能制造作为新一轮工业革命核心技术发展的关键时期。中国制造业完全可以抓住这个千载难逢的历史机遇，集中优势力量，打一场战略决战，实现战略性的重点突破、重点跨越，实现中国制造业的换道超车、开道超车、跨越发展。
二、智能制造是一个大系统，到2035年将分两个阶段来实现
智能制造是一个大系统、大概念，是制造业和信息技术深度融合的产物，它的诞生和演变是和信息化发展相伴而生的。在这个过程当中形成了智能制造的三种基本范式：第一代智能制造——数字化制造，第二代智能制造——数字化、网络化制造，新一代智能制造——数字化、网络化、智能化制造。
西方发达国家在智能制造的发展过程是串联式的发展，我们不能走西方顺序发展的老路。我国必须充分发挥后发优势，采取并联式的发展方式，也就是要采取数字化、网络化、智能化并行推进，融合发展的技术方针。从现在到2035年，我国的智能制造发展总体将分为两个阶段来实现。第一个阶段数字化转型，也就是到2028年，要深入的推进制造业数字化转型工程；第二个阶段，数字化升级，也就是从2028年到2035年，要深入推进制造业的智能化升级工程。
三、智能工厂是智能生产的主要载体
智能制造是覆盖产品全生命周期的创新优化集成大系统，包含智能产品、智能生产和智能服务三大功能子系统，以及智能制造云和工业互联网络两大支撑子系统。他们集合而成智能制造系统，制造业创新的内涵主要包含了四个层次，一是产品创新，二是生产技术创新，三是产业模式创新，四是产品、生产技术、产业模式的系统集成创新。基于这四个层次，数字化、网络化、智能化是制造业创新的主要路径。
智能产品是智能制造的主要载体和价值创造核心。智能汽车是典型的智能产品，近年来，智能汽车的快速发展远远超过了人们的预想，汽车正经历着从燃油汽车到电动汽车，从传统汽车到数字化汽车，从汽车网联到智能化汽车急速前进的过程。随着新一代智能技术的深入应用，未来汽车将会进入无人驾驶时代，它将成为一个移动的智能终端，为人们工作和生活提供更加美好的移动空间。
可以预见，新一代智能制造技术将为产品和装备的创新插上腾飞的翅膀，开辟更为广阔的天地。到2035年，我国各种产品和装备都将从数字一代发展成为智能一代，升级为智能产品和装备。一方面会涌现出一大批先进的智能生活产品，为人民更美好的生活服务；另外一方面，大国重器将装备工业大脑，使其更加先进、更加强大。
智能生产是智能制造、智能产品的物化过程。也就是狭义上的智能制造。智能工厂是智能生产的主要载体。一般而言，智能工厂包含了四个层级，也就是智能装备、智能产线、智能车间和智能工厂。智能工厂的转型升级主要有两条主线来实现。一条是实现生产过程的自动化，另一条是实现生产管理的信息化。
多年来，在推进制造强国战略的过程中，涌现出了一大批数字化、网络化工厂建设的示范工厂、标杆工厂、灯塔工厂，这些企业都已经成为本行业世界级的先进制造企业。他们在数字化、网络化转型升级方面，为中国制造业树立了示范和榜样。这些工厂中，有信息装备领域、家电领域、汽车领域等离散型制造业，也有冶金行业、石化行业、铝业等流程型制造业，他们都已经走在了世界的前列。与此同时，我们必须保持清醒的认识，这些都还只是数字化、网络化阶段的智能工厂，也就是第二代智能制造的智能工厂。也就是说，应用新一代的人工智能技术将建成真正意义上的智能工厂。
四、企业生产能力的数字化转型、智能化升级是推进智能制造的主战场
企业生产能力的技术改造、智能升级解决的不仅是一线劳动力短缺和人力成本高增的问题，更是从根本上提高制造业的质量、效率和企业的竞争力的问题。因此，在今后相当长一段时间内，企业生产能力的数字化转型、智能化升级将是推进智能制造的主战场。
以智能服务为核心的制造业新模式、新业态，数字化、网络化、智能化技术，引发了产品和生产翻天覆地的变化，同样也引发了制造服务翻天覆地的变化。数字化、网络化、智能化技术正在深刻地改变着产品服务的方方面面。他们将从根本上推进第四次工业革命，催生制造业产业新模式和新业态的实现，实现以产品为中心向以用户为中心的根本性转变，完成深刻的供给侧结构性改革。这些转变主要体现在三个方面，第一是生产模式的转变，制造业生产模式从大规模流水线生产转向定制化规模生产；第二，组织模式的转变，制造业从竞争和垄断走向竞争与协同共享；第三，产业模式的转变，制造业将从生产型制造走向服务型制造。
智能制造价值创造的另一个重要方面是通过工业互联网和智能制造云平台两大支撑系统，把智能产品、智能生产和智能服务三大功能系统集成起来，通过系统的集成优化实现新的价值创造。
制造系统内部的大集成，包括三个方面的集成，一是智能制造的纵向集成，这是一个企业内部的系统机制；二是智能制造的横向集成，是构建不同企业之间、不同单位之间的协同与共享；三是智能制造的端到端集成，这是围绕着某一个特定产品的一个动态的系统集成。在智能制造纵向集成、横向集成和端到端集成的基础上，智能制造将推动企业内部、企业之间、企业和顾客之间的合作、协同与共享。
制造系统外部的大集成，例如制造业与金融业上下游产业的深度融合，将形成服务型制造业和生产性服务业共同发展的新业态；智能制造与智能城市、智能农业、智能医疗等交融集成，共同形成智能生态大系统智能社会。
中国制造业的同志们有一个共同的奋斗目标，就是坚定不移的推进制造强国战略。在经过二十五年的奋斗，我们伟大的祖国将成为全球领先的制造强国，以制造业的繁荣和强大来支撑国家的繁荣和强大，托起中华民族伟大复兴的中国梦。
（本文为周济院士在2022世界智能大会上的报告整理，如有疏漏还请指正。）
翻译：
The World Intelligent Manufacturing Conference officially opened in Tianjin on June 24, 2022. Academician Zhou Ji delivered a speech as an expert representative, with the theme of intelligent manufacturing and digital transformation and intelligent upgrading of manufacturing industry.
1. Intelligent manufacturing is the main direction of promoting the strategy of making China strong in manufacturing
Entering the new era, it has become our national strategy to determine and push forward the strategy of manufacturing power, accelerate the building of manufacturing power and accelerate the development of advanced manufacturing industry. Through many years of struggle, our country has become a veritable world manufacturing power. But our manufacturing industry is not strong, there are outstanding problems, faced with severe challenges. On the whole, the overall competitiveness of China’s manufacturing industry is not strong, and there is a long way to go for China’s manufacturing industry to become a manufacturing power from a manufacturing power.
Based on the national conditions, based on the reality, our country has determined a three-step strategy deployment of manufacturing power. After three steps, Made in China 2025, Made in China 2035, Made in China 2045; After 30 years of struggle, China’s manufacturing industry will become the world’s leading manufacturing power.
What kind of technological path should we take to advance the strategy of making China strong in manufacturing? The General Secretary clearly pointed out that we should promote intelligent manufacturing and accelerate the development of the manufacturing industry to digital, networked and intelligent. We should focus on intelligent manufacturing and move Chinese industries up the global value chain. The next 15 years will be a crucial period for the development of intelligent manufacturing as the core technology of the new round of industrial revolution. China’s manufacturing industry can fully seize this once-in-a-lifetime historical opportunity, concentrate its superior forces, fight a strategic decisive battle, achieve strategic breakthroughs, key leapfrog, achieve lane change, lane overtaking and leapfrog development of China’s manufacturing industry.
2. Intelligent manufacturing is a large system that will be realized in two stages by 2035
Intelligent manufacturing is a large system, a big concept, is the product of the deep integration of manufacturing and information technology, its birth and evolution are accompanied by the development of information technology. In this process, three basic paradigms of intelligent manufacturing are formed: the first generation of intelligent manufacturing — digital manufacturing, the second generation of intelligent manufacturing — digital and networked manufacturing, and the new generation of intelligent manufacturing — digital, networked and intelligent manufacturing.
The development process of intelligent manufacturing in western developed countries is serial development, so we can’t follow the old way of Western sequential development. Our country must give full play to its backdevelopment advantage and adopt parallel development mode, that is, the policy of digitization, network and intelligence advancing in parallel and integration of development. From now to 2035, China’s intelligent manufacturing development will be realized in two stages. The first stage of digital transformation is to further promote the digital transformation project of manufacturing industry by 2028. In the second stage, digital upgrading, from 2028 to 2035, we will further promote the intelligent upgrading project of the manufacturing industry.
3. Intelligent factory is the main carrier of intelligent production
Intelligent manufacturing is an innovative and optimized integrated system covering the whole life cycle of products, including three functional subsystems of intelligent product, intelligent production and intelligent service, as well as two supporting subsystems of intelligent manufacturing cloud and industrial Internet. They assemble into intelligent manufacturing system. The connotation of manufacturing innovation mainly includes four levels: product innovation, production technology innovation, industrial model innovation, and system integration innovation of product, production technology and industrial model. Based on these four levels, digitalization, networking and intelligentization are the main paths of manufacturing innovation.
Intelligent product is the main carrier of intelligent manufacturing and the core of value creation. Intelligent car is a typical intelligent product. In recent years, the rapid development of intelligent car far exceeds people’s expectations. The car is experiencing a rapid progress from fuel car to electric car, from traditional car to digital car, from automobile network connection to intelligent car. With the in-depth application of the new generation of intelligent technology, the future car will enter the driverless era, it will become a mobile intelligent terminal, to provide people with a better mobile space for work and life.
It can be predicted that the new generation of intelligent manufacturing technology will plug in the take-off wings for the innovation of products and equipment, opening up a broader world. By 2035, all kinds of Chinese products and equipment will develop from digital generation to smart generation and be upgraded to smart products and equipment. On the one hand, a large number of advanced intelligent life products will emerge to serve the people’s better life; On the other hand, the great power will equip the industrial brain and make it more advanced and powerful.
Intelligent production is the materialization process of intelligent manufacturing and intelligent products.
That is, intelligent manufacturing in a narrow sense. Intelligent factory is the main carrier of intelligent production. Generally speaking, intelligent factory contains four levels, namely intelligent equipment, intelligent production line, intelligent workshop and intelligent factory. There are two main lines to realize the transformation and upgrading of smart factories. One is to realize the automation of production process, the other is to realize the information of production management.
Over the years, in the process of promoting the strategy of manufacturing power, a large number of digital and network chemical plant construction demonstration factories, benchmark factories, lighthouse factories have emerged, and these enterprises have become the world-class advanced manufacturing enterprises in the industry. They have set an example for China’s manufacturing industry in digital and networked transformation and upgrading. Among these factories, there are discrete manufacturing industries such as information equipment, home appliances and automobiles, as well as process manufacturing industries such as metallurgy, petrochemical and aluminum. They have all taken the lead in the world. At the same time, we must keep in mind that these are only the digital, networked stage of smart factories, that is, the second generation of smart manufacturing smart factories. In other words, the application of the new generation of artificial intelligence technology will build a real sense of smart factory.
4. The digital transformation and intelligent upgrading of enterprise production capacity is the main battlefield to promote intelligent manufacturing
Technological transformation and intelligent upgrading of enterprise production capacity can not only solve the problems of shortage of front-line labor force and high labor cost. But also fundamentally improve the quality, efficiency and competitiveness of the manufacturing industry. Therefore, in the future quite a long period of time, the digital transformation of enterprise production capacity. Intelligent upgrading will be the main battlefield to promote intelligent manufacturing.
The new model and new business form of manufacturing industry with intelligent service as the core, and the digital, networked and intelligent technology, have triggered earth-shaking changes in products and production. As well as earth-shaking changes in manufacturing services. Digital, networked and intelligent technologies are profoundly changing every aspect of products and services.
They will fundamentally promote the fourth industrial Revolution, promote the realization of new models and new forms of business in the manufacturing industry. Realize the fundamental shift from product-centered to user-centered, and complete profound supply-side structural reform. These changes are mainly reflected in three aspects. The first is the change of production mode, manufacturing production mode from large-scale assembly line production to customized large-scale production. Second, the change of organization mode, the manufacturing industry from competition and monopoly to competition and collaborative sharing. Third, the transformation of industrial mode, manufacturing will be from production manufacturing to service manufacturing.
Another important aspect of intelligent manufacturing value creation is to integrate the three functional systems of intelligent products, intelligent production and intelligent service through the two supporting systems of industrial Internet and intelligent manufacturing cloud platform. And realize new value creation through the integration and optimization of the system.
The large integration inside the manufacturing system includes three aspects of integration.
One is the vertical integration of intelligent manufacturing, which is a system mechanism inside the enterprise. Second, horizontal integration of intelligent manufacturing is to build collaboration and sharing between different enterprises and different units. The third is the end-to-end integration of intelligent manufacturing, which is a dynamic system integration around a specific product. On the basis of vertical integration, horizontal integration and end-to-end integration of intelligent manufacturing. Intelligent manufacturing will promote the cooperation, collaboration and sharing within enterprises, between enterprises, and between enterprises and customers.
The large integration outside the manufacturing system. Such as the deep integration between the manufacturing industry and the upstream and downstream industries of the financial industry. Will form a new business form in which the service manufacturing industry and producer services develop together. Smart manufacturing integrates with smart cities, smart agriculture. And smart medical care to form a smart ecological system and a smart society.
Comrades in China’s manufacturing industry have a common goal. Which is to unswervingly promote the strategy of making China strong in manufacturing. After 25 years of struggle, our great motherland will become the world’s leading manufacturing power. With the prosperity and strength of the manufacturing industry to support the prosperity and strength of the country. Holding up the Chinese dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.
(This article is a compilation of Academician Zhou Ji’s report at the 2022 World Intelligence Congress. Please correct any omisses.)
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