当前，银行的数字化转型不再是局部的突破和探索，而是进入到了全面变革的2.0阶段，这种转型是“进化式”而不是“颠覆式”的变化，是从量变到质变的进化过程。银行数字化面临的挑战是资源供给如何满足海量需求，而云转型是降低数字化应用成本、践行普惠金融的必由之路。
在跨机构数据共享方面，金融机构要注意合规、客户授权、隐私保护这三个基本原则。数据共享不需要从一开始就对全部数据进行共享，可以先从政府公权力数据、政务数据以及商业银行风险数据这些比较有共享提升空间的领域做起。在充分保护个人隐私和保护消费者权益的前提下，逐步推进数据共享可能是比较好的发展之路。
——江朝阳 招商银行首席信息官
我将从招行的数字化转型实践出发，重点分享在基础设施建设方面的一些感受。
一、云转型是降低数字化应用成本、践行普惠金融的必由之路
国家副主席王岐山提出，百业兴则金融兴。这是金融非常重要的特点，金融跟经济社会的发展一定会也必须要同频共振。金融的发展离不开经济社会发展的大背景。当前，金融机构首先要服务和融入中国式现代化的发展格局。具体来讲，金融要始终坚持“服务实体经济，践行普惠金融，促进共同富裕”的使命。
要实现这样的目标，光有态度还不够，还要有能力。这个能力体现为更高的客户服务能力，更强的风险洞察能力和更高的运营效率。其中，“更高的运营效率”是非常重要的基础，提高运营效率可以为客户服务和风险洞察能力的提升提供支撑，而提高运营效率更要依靠数字化转型。
对此，招行提出要建设“数字招行”。当前，银行的数字化转型不再是局部的突破和探索，而是进入到了全面变革的2.0阶段。“数字招行”的目标是要在各环节从前台、中台到后台全面推动数字化转型。一定意义上，这种转型是“进化式”而不是“颠覆式”的变化，更多的是从量变到质变的进化过程。
当前面临的挑战是，我们所需要的数字化应用是非常海量的，对数据的应用技术需求非常旺盛，资源供给应如何满足海量的需求？
我们认为最关键的是要释放当前数字技术的红利，推动“云转型”。云转型的目标就是要降低数字化应用的生产成本。降低数字化自身成本，是提升数字化水平的关键工作，这样才有可能让数字化的应用渗透到经营的每一个角落。12月5日，招行历时三年的全面上云的工作完成了。当前招行2亿借记卡客户，1亿信用卡客户和超过1000万的对公账户全部运行在招行云上面。从数字化转型的建设来看，云转型意味着招行在基础设施上做了一项非常重要的工作。
为什么要坚定地推进云转型？云不仅是技术概念，意味着可以提供海量、低成本、共享的计算资源池，以便更好地承载大数据、AI和海量的数字应用；同时，云也是业务理念，让金融服务像自来水一样接入到企业经营和个人生活的各场景当中，让客户可以即开即用，降低金融服务的门槛，满足企业客户、个人客户在各个场景当中的使用需求。
伴随着云转型，企业级的技术中台和数据中台同步建立。形象地讲，技术中台和数据中台的使命，就是建立一个现代化的生产车间，这个生产车间里有先进的制造工具，有相对成熟的零部件。如果把数字化应用当作产品，我们可以以更快的速度、更低的成本、更高的效率去生产更多数字化应用、AI应用产品。这种转型带来的巨大好处就是提高了普惠金融服务的可能性。
我给大家分享三个例子。
1.保函闪电开。招行去年为1万个中小微企业客户线上开立3万笔保函业务，笔均45万元。过去线下开立一份保函需要一天半到两天时间，人工成本很高。现在我们在线上最快几秒钟就可以开立一份保函。
2.薪福通。这是基于SaaS、聚焦“人财事”的企业数字化服务。目前薪福通的注册企业已经超过60万家，这些企业中有很多是中小微企业。以前我们很难为这么多企业提供数字化服务，现在通过云转型带来的成本降低让我们有能力提供这样的服务。
3.AI小招。这是智能理财顾问，去年服务超过1000万客户，其中60%是资产不足1万元的基础客户。以前人工服务根本覆盖不到这么多的基础用户，现在通过云转型，我们可以更好地承载AI应用，所以我们可以用AI方式提供智能理财顾问服务，服务更多的基础客户。
通过上述例子，我们可以看到，云转型是降低数字化应用成本、践行普惠金融的必由之路。展望未来数字化演进的方向，“云”将会成为数字化生产更肥沃的土壤，让更快、更便利、更优质的银行服务惠及更多的普罗大众。
二、在充分保护隐私的前提下逐步推进跨机构数据共享
在跨机构数据共享方面，金融机构要注意三个基本原则。
一是合规。金融机构必须与合规机构合作，引进数据。
二是客户授权。使用的所有数据必须获得客户授权。
三是隐私保护。在涉及到客户和企业隐私数据时，可以更多地采用联邦学习的新技术手段去抽离特征，避免对客户和企业隐私信息的过度使用。以联邦学习的方式联合建模，将模型布置在一方，而另一方只能获得结论，无法获取客户的明细信息。当然，联邦学习也存在一些问题，比如技术标准和数据标准的规范性问题，计算效率相对偏低不适合大规模应用等。
我认为跨机构数据共享是逐步发展的过程，数据共享内在机制非常复杂，如果不能对个人隐私数据进行充分保护的话，数据共享的发展脚步宁可慢一点。
其实，中国金融业很早就有了比较成功的数据共享范例，比如人行的征信中心。人行征信中心的发展对于管控金融行业的风险起到了巨大作用。有五点值得学习参考。
一是要持牌经营。数据共享的工作必须严格纳入监管。
二是要实现中心化。数据共享是1+1>2的，必须要尽可能地对数据进行汇总才能产生更大的价值，数据太分散会导致低效率。
三是要提供产品化服务。通过不提供客户的原始数据、只提供标准化征信报告的机制，可以保护客户隐私。
四是要坚持客户授权。采取客户授权并只在客户授权的指定用途上使用数据的工作机制，强化对客户隐私的保护。
五是要形成多方共赢机制。实现一个让供给方、加工方、使用方共赢的机制。
实际上，数据共享不需要从一开始就对全部数据进行共享，可以从比较容易的地方做起，比如政府的公权力数据、政务数据等，比如商业银行自身的风险数据如何通过公共机构进行共享，这些方面都有较大的提升空间。在充分保护个人隐私和保护消费者权益的前提下，逐步推进数据共享可能是比较好的发展之路。
翻译：
At present, the digital transformation of banks is no longer a partial breakthrough and exploration, but has entered the 2.0 stage of comprehensive reform. This transformation is an “evolutionary” rather than “subversive” change, an evolutionary process from quantitative change to qualitative change. The challenge facing bank digitalization is how to meet the massive demand of resource supply, and cloud transformation is the only way to reduce the cost of digital application and practice inclusive finance.
In terms of cross-institutional data sharing, financial institutions should pay attention to the three basic principles of compliance, customer authorization and privacy protection. Data sharing does not need to share all data at the very beginning. It can start from the public power data of the government, government data and risk data of commercial banks, which have more room for sharing and improvement. In the premise of fully protecting personal privacy and consumer rights, gradually promoting data sharing may be a better way forward.
——Chief Information Officer, Jiangchaoyang China Merchants Bank
Starting from the practice of digital transformation of China Merchants Bank, I will share some feelings on infrastructure construction.
First, cloud transformation is the only way to reduce the cost of digital application and practice inclusive finance
Vice President Wang Qishan proposed that when all industries prosper, finance prospers. This is a very important feature of finance, and the development of finance and economic society will and must resonate with each other. The development of finance cannot be separated from the background of economic and social development. At present, financial institutions should first serve and integrate into the development pattern of Chinese modernization. Specifically, the financial sector should always adhere to the mission of “serving the real economy, practicing inclusive finance and promoting common prosperity”.
To achieve such a goal, attitude alone is not enough, but also ability. This capability is reflected in better customer service ability, better risk insight ability and higher operational efficiency. Among them, “higher operational efficiency” is a very important foundation. Improving operational efficiency can support the improvement of customer service and risk insight ability, while improving operational efficiency depends more on digital transformation.
In this regard, China Merchants Bank proposed to build a “digital bank”. At present, the digital transformation of banks is no longer a partial breakthrough and exploration, but has entered the 2.0 stage of comprehensive reform. The goal of “digital Merchants Bank” is to promote digital transformation in all aspects from the front, middle and back. In a certain sense, this transformation is an “evolutionary” rather than a “subversive” change. It is more of an evolutionary process from quantitative change to qualitative change.
At present, the challenge we face is that the digital applications we need are very massive, and the demand for data application technology is very strong. How should the supply of resources meet the massive demand?
How should the supply of resources meet the massive demand?
We believe it is critical to unlock the dividends of current digital technologies and drive the “cloud transformation”. The goal of the cloud transformation is to reduce the production cost of digital applications. Reducing the cost of digitization itself is the key work to improve the level of digitization, so that it is possible to let the application of digital penetration into every corner of the business. On December 5, China Merchants Bank’s three years of comprehensive cloud work was completed. At present, China Merchants Bank’s 200 million debit card customers, 100 million credit card customers and more than 10 million corporate accounts all operate on the cloud. From the perspective of the construction of digital transformation, cloud transformation means that China Merchants Bank has done a very important job in infrastructure.
Why the determined push for cloud transformation?
Cloud is not only a technical concept, it means that it can provide a massive, low-cost and shared computing resource pool to better carry big data, AI and massive digital applications. At the same time, cloud is also a business concept, allowing financial services to be connected to various scenarios of enterprise operation and personal life just like tap water, so that customers can use it immediately, lower the threshold of financial services, and meet the needs of enterprise customers and individual customers in various scenarios.
Along with the cloud transformation, enterprise-class technology center and data center are established simultaneously. Figuratively speaking, the mission of technical center desk and data center Desk is to build a modern production workshop with advanced manufacturing tools and relatively mature parts. If we treat digital applications as products, we can produce more digital applications and AI applications at a faster speed, lower cost and higher efficiency. The great benefit of this transformation is the possibility of financial inclusion.
Let me share with you three examples.
1. The letter of guarantee is issued by lightning. China Merchants Bank issued 30,000 online letters of guarantee for 10,000 small, medium and micro business customers last year, each worth 450,000 yuan. In the past, it took one and a half to two days to open a letter of guarantee offline, and the labor cost was very high. Now we can open a letter of guarantee online as soon as a few seconds.
2.Sinofootong. This is a SAAS-based enterprise digital service focusing on “people and finance”. At present, Sinofutong has registered more than 600,000 enterprises, many of which are small, medium and micro enterprises. We have struggled to provide digital services to so many businesses, but the cost reductions that come with the cloud transition allow us to do so.
3.AI tips. This is the smart financial adviser, which served more than 10 million customers last year, 60 percent of which were basic customers with less than 10,000 yuan in assets. In the past, artificial services could not cover so many basic users. Now, through cloud transformation, we can better carry AI applications, so we can use AI to provide intelligent financial advisory services and serve more basic customers.
From the above examples, we can see that cloud transformation is the only way to reduce the cost of digital application and practice inclusive finance. Looking into the future direction of digital evolution, “cloud” will become a more fertile soil for digital production, allowing faster, more convenient and better quality banking services to benefit more people.
Second, step up cross-agency data sharing while fully protecting privacy
There are three basic principles for financial institutions to follow when it comes to cross-institutional data sharing.
One is compliance. Financial institutions must work with compliance agencies to introduce data.
Second, customer authorization. All data used must be authorized by the customer.
Third, privacy protection. When it comes to the privacy data of customers and enterprises. The new technological means of federal learning can be used more to isolate the characteristics and avoid the excessive use of the privacy information of customers and enterprises. Federated learning is used for joint modeling, in which the model is laid out on one side, while the other side can only get the conclusion and cannot get the details of the customer. Of course, federal learning also has some problems, such as the standardization of technical standards and data standards, and the relatively low computational efficiency, which is not suitable for large-scale application.
I believe that cross-institutional data sharing is a gradual development process, and the inherent mechanism of data sharing is very complex. If there is no adequate protection of personal privacy data, the pace of data sharing development would rather slow down.
In fact, China’s financial sector has long had relatively successful examples of data sharing. Such as the People’s Bank of China’s credit information Center. The development of the credit information center of the People’s Bank of China has played a great role in controlling risks in the financial industry.
Here are five things to learn.
One is to operate with a license. Data sharing must be tightly regulated.
The second is to achieve centralization. Data sharing is 1+1>2. Data must be summarized as far as possible to generate greater value. Too scattered data will lead to low efficiency.
The third is to provide productized services. Customer privacy can be protected by providing no raw customer data, only a standardized credit report mechanism.
Fourth, insist on customer authorization. To strengthen the protection of customer privacy, we should adopt the working mechanism of using data authorized by customers only for the specified purposes authorized by customers.
Fifth, we need to establish a multi-party win-win mechanism. To achieve a win-win mechanism for suppliers, processors and users.
In fact, data sharing does not need to share all data at the very beginning. But can start from relatively easy places, such as the government’s public power data, government data. Such as how to share the risk data of commercial banks through public institutions. There is a large room for improvement in these aspects. In the premise of fully protecting personal privacy and consumer rights. Gradually promoting data sharing may be a better way forward.
文章来源：https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/2cmrfKofs39YJyE_p_FZTQ
本文由数字化转型网（www.szhzxw.cn）转载而成，来源：新金融评论 ，作者：江朝阳；编辑/翻译：数字化转型网宁檬树；审核：数字化转型网默然。
免责声明: 本网站(http://www.szhzxw.cn/)内容主要来自原创、合作媒体供稿和第三方投稿，凡在本网站出现的信息，均仅供参考。本网站将尽力确保所提供信息的准确性及可靠性，但不保证有关资料的准确性及可靠性，读者在使用前请进一步核实，并对任何自主决定的行为负责。本网站对有关资料所引致的错误、不确或遗漏，概不负任何法律责任。
本网站刊载的所有内容(包括但不仅限文字、图片、LOGO、音频、视频、软件、程序等) 版权归原作者所有。任何单位或个人认为本网站中的内容可能涉嫌侵犯其知识产权或存在不实内容时，请及时通知本站，予以删除。
