轨道交通装备制造作为典型的离散制造业，是我国制造业的代表型行业，以动车组为例有牵引传动系统、制动系统、车端连接装置、受流装置、列车网络控制系统等，产品结构多样，生产工艺复杂，因此，亟需建设主数据管理体系，帮助企业通过信息化的有效支撑提升企业核心竞争力。
文中以某轨道交通装备核心部件生产企业实施ERP系统为契机，在分析企业现有信息系统和业务流程基础上，提出了一套面向轨道交通装备制造的主数据设计和管理方案，以ERP系统为主数据平台载体，实现数据规范管理，推进企业主数据的标准化与一致化。ERP作为企业资源管理系统，不仅是一个系统软件，更是一种企业管理思想。
一、主数据定义
主数据是指支持企业业务和分析的关键数据，主要定义了企业的核心业务对象。对于集成度较好的离散制造企业，主数据分布在多个系统中，例如PLM、ERP、MES、BPM和SCP，其中PLM中有物料数据、BOM数据、工艺路线数据等，ERP中有物料业务数据、供应商数据、客户数据、会计科目数据，MES、BPM和SCP系统通过访问接口向ERP和PLM调取相应主数据信息。
轨道交通装备制造企业所涉及的完整业务范畴一般包括研发工艺、采购及仓储、计划及生产、销售及售后、质量管理、财务管理。从企业运营管理入手，将轨道交通装备制造企业主数据分为6大类见表1，包括物料主数据、BOM主数据、工艺主数据、供应商主数据、客户主数据和会计主数据。
表 1 主数据分类
二、主数据设计方案
主数据设计方案主要包括数据细化分类、核心方案制定和数据规范发布3个关键步骤。数据细化分类是主数据的顶层设计，来源于企业对数据的需求用途和公司级数据管理对象清单。维护流程定义了数据管理组织的架构、相应日常工作职责和各角色间的互动配合。数据规范明确了各类主数据的属性约束，通过数据管理平台的规则内化，保障了数据收集的准确性。
2.1 数据细化分类
根据主营业务方案设计，为满足不同业务场景的多维度管控，需要进一步细化6大类主数据。
（1）物料主数据是在公司的业务活动中被使用、消耗或制造的商品或服务，根据使用场景的不同划分为8类，包括产品相关物料、非产品相关物料、无价值物料、服务性物料、贸易物料、办公用品、设备设施和其他。考虑实际业务管理需求，对前5类物料进行物料编码管理，以达到对物料数量和价值精细化管理的管控目的。后3类物料不进行编码管理，简化对特殊物资的处理流程，快速响应现场业务需求，降低管理成本。数字化转型网www.szhzxw.cn
（2）BOM主数据包括设计BOM、制造BOM、检修BOM、保养BOM、系统级BOM和销售订单BOM共计6种类型。前5类为物料类BOM，其中，设计BOM精确描述产品零件与零件之间的设计关系。制造BOM用于生产，与设计BOM一脉相承，结合工艺过程对设计BOM进行调适。销售订单BOM为订单类BOM，仅针对特定销售订单及销售订单行项目有效。
（3）工艺主数据主要在生产过程中用于指导厂内车间或委外供应商的加工制造，主要包括工程变更、工艺路线、文档、工作中心和生产版本。产品制造工艺主数据中工程变更主数据是包含内容最广且结构最复杂的一类主数据，以其他类型的主数据变更为基础而存在。
（4）客户/供应商主数据可分为若干账户组，关系到日常的客户和供应商的应收、应付、采购、销售等相关交易，账户组设置根据客户/供应商的不同实行分组管控。客户主数据主要是客户档案的维护和管理，保证各业务条线具有一致的客户信息，提高对外服务质量。供应商主数据包括采购部门和其他部门的物资采购供应商档案数据。
（5）会计主数据涉及到集团和法人公司之间的科目设置，分为财务会计和管理会计2大类。对于属于财务会计的会计科目主数据，按上级组织要求进行统一的会计科目表编制。对于属于管理会计的成本要素、利润中心和成本中心，按照管理会计的要求进行统一的编码规则编制和收集。
2.2 核心方案制定
数据核心方案的制定需要贴合业务需求和管理要求，评估企业的实际业务，识别主数据在业务中的应用情况，考虑主数据的管理颗粒度和使用紧迫性。下面详述物料主数据、BOM主数据和工艺主数据的核心方案。数字化转型网www.szhzxw.cn
（1）物料主数据是所有其他主数据的基础，包含了研发、工艺、销售、采购、计划、质量、仓储和财务等信息，物料主数据是连接各业务模块的直接桥梁，其核心内容主要有物料类型、物料状态、物料组、基本计量单位、MRP参数等。
物料类型用于物料分类，基于公司物料编码管理范围和不同业务层面的管理需求，将物料类型分为产品相关物料、非产品相关物料、无价值物料、服务性物料和贸易物料共计5类，其中产品相关物料的物料编码源于PLM系统，其余物料编码均源自ERP系统。
物料状态用于确定在不同的业务（例如采购）中处理物料的方式，通过定义物料的不同状态，控制物料的使用范围和业务场景，物料状态种类包括工厂级别物料状态和分销链级别物料状态。工厂级别物料状态主要控制计划、生产、采购和库房等工厂级别的业务，分销链级别物料状态主要控制销售相关业务。
物料组是根据物料管理范围和方案为方便业务部门的分类使用和统计，将物料组分为产品相关类、非产品相关类和无编码管理类3大类，其中产品相关类物料按照采购、库房、质量和工艺共同确定的规则划分，非产品相关类的物料组由各归口管理部门根据管理需要编订，无编码管理类则根据项目总体的方案要求设置。数字化转型网www.szhzxw.cn
基本计量单位是一个严谨的物料属性，物料发生业务后便无法更改，因为成本的核算和各业务部门的后续使用，全部基于该属性。为此，基本计量单位使用清单需要研发部门和业务部门有高度的认知统一。
MRP参数是用于计算所需物料的需求数量和需求时间的关键字段，通过对MRP参数的设定，从而确定对不同需求来源的物料进行合理的计划和排产，并进一步预测半成品和原材料的加工进度和订货日程，MRP参数包括策略组、未清期间和独立集中等。
（2）BOM主数据是产品研发的核心，某型制动夹钳BOM示意图如图1所示，BOM不仅是MRP的重要输入数据，同时也是财务部门进行成本核算，制造部门组织生产的重要依据。
BOM层级结构是BOM的核心内容，要考虑到计划、生产、采购、库房、质量和财务等业务部门的需求，MBOM的最终层级结构需要在EBOM的基础上增加生产性辅料和生产性包装。
标准委外是为了加强和方便对于委外加工过程的精细化管理，为此需在EBOM的基础上，根据工艺过程件的设置原则和BOM层级的展开要求添加工艺过程件。
客供料和供应商料是对于多层结构零件中的特殊子件属性的区分。若子件为采购属性时，且为供应商自己采购的料，则该子件在此BOM中为供应商料。若子件是做数量管理的客户提供物料则为客供料，客供料由特殊获取控制从无价值工厂出料。
（3）工艺路线主数据是描述加工过程和装配操作顺序的技术文件，是多个工序的序列和集合。工序是生产作业人员或机器设备为了完成指定的任务而做的一个或一连串动作，工艺主数据的核心内容主要有加工工序与工时定额、工序控制码和工序外协数量专项规定。
加工工序与工时定额，工艺路线的加工工序分为自制类和外协类，自制类工序的作业标准值有人工工时、机器工时、制造费用和加工周期4种。外协类工序需要采购组织、采购组、外协供应商、加工净价和计划交货时间等信息。数字化转型网www.szhzxw.cn
工序控制码用于工序过程控制，控制点包括是否必选报工、是否必填工时、是否需要质检、厂内自制还是工序外协和常规工艺路线还是临时工单等内容。
工序外协数量规范了工序外协业务涉及到的数量，包括外协工序的净价与执行该工序的外协服务组件数量的关系，工序外协采购申请和采购订单中数量与生产订单检修产品数量的关系，采购订单收货的实物数量与产品和实物配比的关系。
2.3 数据规范发布
数据规范包括物料填写规范、BOM编制规范和工艺路线编制规范。物料填写规范由公司数据组牵头制定，该规范指导了各业务部门数据负责人维护主数据和深刻理解物料主数据中所有使用到的字段，便于业务部门的使用。数字化转型网www.szhzxw.cn
BOM编制规范和工艺路线编制规范由工艺部门牵头制定，BOM编制规范规定了制造BOM和检修BOM的编制要求，包括BOM用途、检修BOM的修程对应关系、必偶换件参数设置等内容。工艺路线编制规范包含了工艺过程的先后顺序、工作中心的选择和工时信息的填写等内容。
三、主数据集成方案
轨道交通装备核心产品型号种类多、BOM结构和工艺流程复杂、订单波动较为频繁，因此，对于生产过程精细化管理提出了更高的要求，在已部署实施了PLM系统，并且明确了“PLM系统作为产品数据的源头”的基本原则，为其他系统提供BOM主数据、产品相关物料主数据及工艺主数据。MES、BPM等其他信息系统，为实现主数据“一次录入、多处引用”，文中提出主数据集成方案如图2所示，以ERP系统作为主数据管理和分发的载体。
PLM将物料基本视图、BOM和工艺主数据统一同步至ERP的主数据管理平台，其他相关系统在使用主数据时通过数据接口从ERP中订阅主数据，同时主数据平台中数据发生变更时推送至相关订阅者，从而保证不同信息系统中主数据的一致性。数字化转型网www.szhzxw.cn
四、主数据管理方案
主数据设计方案的落地需要依托于主数据的管理成果，关键主数据的质量直接影响着业务数据准确性和系统间业务协同效率。在项目实施期间和系统运行阶段都需要配备相应的数据管理手段对主数据进行专项管理，主数据的管理主要包括数据管理组织的建立、维护流程的建设和系统管理的集成。
4.1 数据管理组织
在主数据平台项目系统实施期间，数据清理进度和质量对项目成败起到了关键作用，需成立专门的数据组专项推进数据收集整理导入工作。
系统上线转入正常的应用和运维阶段，依然需要相应的数据管理小组对数据进行专项管理。数据管理小组的工作目标是推动产品相关数据的清理、准备、导入及应用质量评价，工作中涉及的数据对象集中在物料、制造BOM、检修BOM、工艺路线、生产版本等，数据小组专职人员的工作职责共计11项，包括物料主数据的新增、收集安排、收集跟催、数据导入、数据解冻和问题数据处理，产品清单任务的安排、跟催、成本估算检查和成本估算问题处理，KPI考核指标方案实施。数据小组的组织架构成员包括组长、专职人员和兼职人员若干，其中兼职人员为各业务部门的数据维护负责人。
4.2 维护流程建设
主数据的维护流程规定了数据维护的主管部门及角色分工，维护流程适用于整个数据维护过程中涉及到的相关部门，包括技术、财务、市场、生产计划、采购和售后服务。维护流程包括产品相关物料维护业务流程、非产品相关物料维护业务流程、制造与检修BOM维护业务流程、工作中心维护业务流程、工艺路线维护业务流程和工序BOM组件分配业务流程等相关流程，如图3所示。
4.3 系统管理集成
主数据系统管理集成的功能囊括了数据从开始收集到导入系统的全过程，除了数据收集模板的制定只能人为决定外，其他4个阶段均已实现了不同程度的自动识别和智能化填充，如图4所示。数字化转型网www.szhzxw.cn
物料主数据收集工具实现了多人并行共同维护同一物料的不同业务属性，减少了数据传递再汇总的过程，数据收集任务由数据组统一安排，统一监控收集进度。
物料主数据校验工具可根据业务方案制定各模块的校验规则，形成校验程序。出具未通过校验规则的数据报表，各业务部门的数据负责人可在校验工具的帮助下提前发现问题，避免无效数据进入系统，降低数据收集工作的返工率。
物料主数据转换工具可根据业务方案，制定数据转换规则，形成转换程序，批量按照数据管理要求和导入格式，进行整体转换，避免人工失误，提升工作效率。物料主数据导入工具可根据业务需求方案制定导入规则，自动带入方案相关的绑定参数，形成批量导入程序。
五、系统实现与应用
在某轨道交通装备核心部件生产企业发展战略目标和信息化整体规划的指导下，通过诊断、分析、评估现有企业业务管理现状，提出了面向轨道交通装备制造的主数据管理平台设计方案，并以ERP系统为载体建设了企业主数据管理平台，有效打通了企业研发设计、生产管控、市场销售和财务核算等环节的数据通道，充分利用了企业现有资源，在满足现有管理需求的基础上，促进战略目标的实现，满足可持续发展的需要。数字化转型网www.szhzxw.cn
研发阶段，纸质文件的传递由系统数据接口直接对接，缩减了纸质文件的人工流转环节，提高了主数据发布的效率、保证了数据源的唯一性、准确性和可靠性。
销售环节，以准确的主数据替代手工台账，对项目各阶段的成本和收入进行了更加科学规范的统计和管理，为后续数据分析等一系列工作提供了科学依据。
生产过程中，基于物料主数据MRP参数，可以实现中长期生产和采购计划的模拟，包括物料的可用性检查及关键瓶颈设备产能的评估。
财务方面，通过物料的成本信息和工艺路线的工时等信息可以无缝对接财务成本核算，节省了手工做账的人工成本。同时通过多维度的财务会计和管理会计主数据的划分，满足了财务的核算维度更加深入和全面的需求。
六、结论
文中结合某轨道交通装备核心部件生产企业的项目建设历程和日常运维实践，对轨道交通装备制造行业主数据设计与管理进行阐述，旨在能够系统化地表述主数据管理实践的核心内容。通过对主数据的规范化管理，进一步夯实数据基础，对轨道交通装备制造企业的提质增效产生了积极正面的影响。数字化转型网www.szhzxw.cn
翻译：
As a typical discrete manufacturing industry, rail transit equipment manufacturing is a representative industry of China’s manufacturing industry. Taking EMU as an example, there are traction transmission system, brake system, vehicle end connection device, flow receiving device, train network control system, etc. The product structure is diverse and the production process is complex. Therefore, it is urgent to build a master data management system. Help enterprises improve their core competitiveness through the effective support of information technology.
Based on the analysis of the existing information systems and business processes, this paper proposes a master data design and management scheme for rail transit equipment manufacturing. The ERP system is the main data platform carrier to achieve standardized data management and promote the standardization and consistency of business owners’ data. As an enterprise resource management system, ERP is not only a system software, but also an enterprise management idea.
Master data definition
Master data refers to the key data that supports enterprise business and analysis, and mainly defines the core business objects of the enterprise. For discrete manufacturing enterprises with good integration, master data is distributed in multiple systems, such as PLM, ERP, MES, BPM and SCP, where PLM contains material data, BOM data, process route data, etc., and ERP contains material business data, supplier data, customer data, and accounting data. MES, BPM and SCP systems retrieve the corresponding master data information from ERP and PLM through the access interface.
The complete business scope involved in rail transit equipment manufacturing enterprises generally includes research and development process, procurement and warehousing, planning and production, sales and after-sales, quality management, financial management. Starting from enterprise operation management, the data of owners of rail transit equipment manufacturing is divided into 6 categories as shown in Table 1, including material master data, BOM master data, process master data, supplier master data, customer master data and accounting master data.
Table 1 Main data classification
Master data design scheme
The master data design scheme mainly includes three key steps: data refinement classification, core scheme formulation and data specification release. Data refinement classification is the top-level design of the master data, which comes from the enterprise’s demand for data purposes and the list of corporate-level data management objects. The maintenance process defines the structure of the data management organization, the corresponding daily work responsibilities, and the interactions between the various roles. The data specification clarifies the attribute constraints of various types of master data, and guarantees the accuracy of data collection through the internalization of the rules of the data management platform.数字化转型网www.szhzxw.cn
1. Data refinement classification
According to the design of the main business scheme, in order to meet the multi-dimensional management and control of different business scenarios, six categories of master data need to be further refined.
Material master data
(1) Material master data refers to the goods or services used, consumed or manufactured in the company’s business activities, which are divided into 8 categories according to different use scenarios, including product-related materials, non-product-related materials, valueless materials, service materials, trade materials, office supplies, equipment and facilities, and others. Considering the actual business management needs, the material code management of the first 5 types of materials is carried out to achieve the control purpose of fine management of the quantity and value of materials. The latter three types of materials do not carry out coding management, which simplifies the processing process of special materials, quickly responds to on-site business needs, and reduces management costs.
BOM master data
(2) BOM master data includes 6 types: design BOM, manufacturing BOM, maintenance BOM, maintenance BOM, system-level BOM and sales order BOM. The first five categories are material BOM, in which the design BOM accurately describes the design relationship between product parts and parts. Manufacturing BOM for production, and design BOM in the same line, combined with the process to adjust the design BOM. The sales order BOM is an order-type BOM that is valid only for specific sales orders and sales order line items.数字化转型网www.szhzxw.cn
Process master data
(3) Process master data is mainly used in the production process to guide the processing and manufacturing of the workshop or outsourced suppliers, including engineering changes, process routes, documents, work centers and production versions. Engineering change master data of product manufacturing process master data is a kind of master data that contains the most extensive content and the most complex structure, and exists on the basis of other types of master data changes.
The customer/supplier master data
(4) The customer/supplier master data can be divided into several account groups, which are related to the daily customer and supplier receivables, payables, purchases, sales and other related transactions. The setting of account groups shall be controlled according to different customers/suppliers. Customer master data is mainly the maintenance and management of customer files to ensure that all business lines have consistent customer information and improve the quality of external service. Supplier master data includes material purchase supplier file data of purchasing department and other departments.
Accounting master data
(5) Accounting master data relates to the subject setting between the group and the legal company, which is divided into two categories: financial accounting and management accounting. For the master data of accounting subjects belonging to financial accounting, the unified table of accounting subjects shall be compiled according to the requirements of the superior organization. For the cost elements, profit centers and cost centers belonging to management accounting, unified coding rules are compiled and collected according to the requirements of management accounting.
2. Core plan development
The formulation of the data core scheme needs to fit the business requirements and management requirements, evaluate the actual business of the enterprise, identify the application of master data in the business, and consider the management granularity and urgency of master data. The following details the core scheme of material master data, BOM master data and process master data.
(1) Material master data is the basis of all other master data
Material master data is the basis of all other master data, including research and development, process, sales, procurement, planning, quality, warehousing and financial information, material master data is a direct bridge connecting each business module, its core content mainly includes material type, material status, material group, basic unit of measurement, MRP parameters and so on.数字化转型网www.szhzxw.cn
Material type is used to classify materials. Based on the scope of material code management of the company and the management requirements of different business levels, material types are divided into five categories: product-related materials, non-product-related materials, valueless materials, service materials and trade materials. The material codes of product-related materials are derived from the PLM system, while the rest are derived from the ERP system.
Material status is used to determine how to handle materials in different services (such as procurement). By defining different states of materials, you can control the usage scope and business scenarios of materials. The types of material status include factory-level material status and distribution chain-level material status. Factory level material status mainly controls plant-level business such as planning, production, procurement and warehouse, while distribution chain level material status mainly controls sales-related business.
According to the scope and plan of material management
According to the scope and plan of material management, the material group is divided into three categories: product-related category, non-product-related category and non-code management category for the convenience of classification and statistics of business departments. The product-related materials are divided according to the rules jointly determined by procurement, warehouse, quality and process, while the non-product-related material group is compiled by each centralized management department according to management needs. The non-coding management class is set according to the overall project scheme requirements.
The basic unit of measure is a strict attribute of the material, the material after the business can not be changed, because the accounting of costs and the subsequent use of various business units, all based on this attribute. To this end, the basic unit use list requires a high degree of cognitive unity between the research and development department and the business department.数字化转型网www.szhzxw.cn
MRP parameters are the key fields used to calculate the required quantity and time of the required materials. Through the setting of MRP parameters, we can determine the reasonable planning and scheduling of materials from different demand sources. And further predict the processing progress and order schedule of semi-finished products and raw materials. MRP parameters include strategy group, unclear period and independent concentration.
Figure 1 BOM of a certain type of brake clamp
(2) BOM master data is the core of product research and development.
The BOM diagram of a certain type of brake clamp is shown in Figure 1. BOM is not only an important input data of MRP. But also an important basis for the financial department to carry out cost accounting and the manufacturing department to organize production.
BOM hierarchy is the core content of BOM, to take into account the needs of planning, production, procurement, warehouse, quality and finance and other business departments. The final hierarchy of MBOM needs to increase production accessories and production packaging on the basis of EBOM.
The standard outsourcing is to strengthen and facilitate the fine management of the outsourcing process. So it is necessary to add the process part on the basis of EBOM. According to the setting principle of the process part and the expansion requirements of the BOM level.
Customer materials and supplier materials are the distinction between special sub-component properties in multi-layer structural parts. If the sub-part is a purchased attribute and the supplier procures the material. The sub-part is the supplier material in this BOM. If the sub-component is quantity management, the customer supplies the material. And the customer supplies the material is discharged from the worthless factory by the special acquisition control.
(3) The main data of the process route is a technical file that describes the processing process and the sequence of assembly operations
The main data of the process route is a technical file that describes the processing process and the sequence of assembly operations. And is a sequence and collection of multiple processes. Process refers to one or a series of actions made by production personnel or machinery and equipment to complete the specified task. The core content of process master data mainly includes special provisions on processing procedures and working hours quota, process control code and process outsourcing quantity.数字化转型网www.szhzxw.cn
The processing process of the process route is divided into self-made class and outsourcing class. And the standard operation value of self-made class process has four kinds of manual working hours, machine working hours, manufacturing costs and processing cycle. Outsourcing processes require information such as the purchasing organization, purchasing team, outsourcing suppliers, processing net price and planned delivery time.
The process control code is used for process control. And the control points include whether the work is required to be selected. Whether the working hours are required, whether the quality inspection is required. Whether the factory is homemade or the process is outsourced, and whether the conventional process route or the temporary worker list.
The quantity of outsourced process regulates the quantity involved in outsourced process business. Including the relationship between the net price of outsourced process and the quantity of outsourced service components executing the process, the relationship between the quantity of outsourced process purchase application and purchase order and the quantity of repaired products in production order, and the relationship between the physical quantity of goods received in purchase order and the proportion of products and physical goods.数字化转型网www.szhzxw.cn
3. Data specification release
Data specification includes material filling specification, BOM preparation specification and process route preparation specification. The material filling specification was developed under the leadership of the data team of the company. The specification guided the data directors of each business department to maintain the master data and deeply understand all the fields used in the material master data. So as to facilitate the use of the business department.
The BOM preparation specification and process route preparation specification are formulated under the leadership of the process department. The BOM preparation specification specifies the preparation requirements of the manufacturing BOM and the maintenance BOM. Including the BOM usage, the corresponding relationship of the repair process of the maintenance BOM. And the parameter setting of the required replacement parts. The specification of process routing includes the sequence of process. The selection of work center and the filling of working time information.
Master data integration scheme
There are many types of core products of rail transit equipment, complex BOM structure and process flow, and frequent order fluctuations. Therefore, higher requirements are put forward for the refined management of the production process. PLM system has been deployed and implemented. And the basic principle of “PLM system as the source of product data” has been clarified. Provide BOM master data, product-related material master data and process master data to other systems. MES, BPM and other information systems, in order to realize the master data “one entry, multiple references”. The paper puts forward the master data integration scheme. As shown in Figure 2, with ERP system as the carrier of master data management and distribution.
Figure 2 Master data integration scheme
PLM synchronizes the basic view of materials, BOM and process master data to the master data management platform of ERP. Other related systems subscribe master data from ERP through the data interface when using master data. At the same time, when the data in the master data platform is changed. It is pushed to the relevant subscribers, thus ensuring the consistency of master data in different information systems.数字化转型网www.szhzxw.cn
Master data management scheme
The implementation of master data design scheme needs to rely on the management results of master data. And the quality of key master data directly affects the accuracy of business data and the efficiency of inter-system business collaboration. During the project implementation and the system operation stage. It is necessary to equip corresponding data management means for special management of master data. Master data management mainly includes the establishment of data management organization. The construction of maintenance process and the integration of system management.
1. Data management organization
During the implementation of the master data platform project system, the progress and quality of data cleaning play a key role in the success or failure of the project. And a special data group needs to be set up to promote data collection, collation and import.
The system goes online into the normal application and operation and maintenance stage. And the corresponding data management team is still required to conduct special data management. The work goal of the data management team is to promote the cleaning, preparation, import and application quality evaluation of product-related data. The data objects involved in the work are concentrated in materials, manufacturing BOM, maintenance BOM, process route, production version, etc. 数字化转型网www.szhzxw.cn
The full-time staff of the data team has a total of 11 job responsibilities. Including material master data addition, collection arrangement, collection and follow-up, data import, data unfreezing and problem data processing, product list task arrangement, follow-up, cost estimation inspection and cost estimation problem processing, KPI evaluation index program implementation. The organizational structure of the data team consists of the group leader, full-time staff. And part-time staff, among which the part-time staff is the data maintenance person in charge of each business department.
2. Maintenance Process Construction
The maintenance process of master data specifies the departments in charge of data maintenance and the division of roles. The maintenance process applies to relevant departments involved in the entire data maintenance process. Including technology, finance, marketing, production planning, procurement and after-sales service. The maintenance process includes product related material maintenance business process, non-product related material maintenance business process, manufacturing and maintenance BOM maintenance business process, work center maintenance business process, process route maintenance business process and process BOM component distribution business process, etc., as shown in Figure 3.
3. System Management Integration
The function of master data system management integration includes the whole process from data collection to data import into the system. In addition to the establishment of data collection template, which can only be decided manually. The other four stages have achieved different degrees of automatic identification and intelligent filling, as shown in Figure 4.
Figure 3 Main data maintenance process
The material master data collection tool enables multiple people to jointly maintain different business attributes of the same material in parallel, reducing the process of data transfer and summarization. Data collection tasks are arranged by data groups and the collection progress is monitored in a unified manner.数字化转型网www.szhzxw.cn
The material master data verification tool can formulate the verification rules of each module according to the business plan. And form the verification program. Data reports that fail to pass the verification rules can be issued. With the help of the verification tool, the data person in charge of each business department can detect problems in advance, prevent invalid data from entering the system, and reduce the rework rate of data collection.
The material master data conversion tool can formulate data conversion rules and form conversion procedures according to business plans, and perform overall conversion according to data management requirements and import formats in batches, avoiding manual errors and improving work efficiency. The material master data import tool can formulate import rules according to business requirements. And automatically bring in the binding parameters related to the solution to form a batch import program.
System implementation and application
Under the guidance of the development strategic objectives and overall informatization planning of a rail transit equipment manufacturing enterprise, through the diagnosis, analysis and evaluation of the current business management status of the enterprise, a master data management platform design scheme for rail transit equipment manufacturing is proposed, and the enterprise data management platform is built with the ERP system as the carrier. Effectively open up the enterprise research and development design, production control, marketing and financial accounting and other links of the data channel, make full use of the existing resources of the enterprise, on the basis of meeting the existing management needs, promote the realization of strategic objectives, to meet the needs of sustainable development.数字化转型网www.szhzxw.cn
Figure 4 Main data platform application
In the research and development stage
In the research and development stage, the transmission of paper documents is directly connected by the system data interface, which reduces the manual circulation of paper documents, improves the efficiency of master data release, and ensures the uniqueness, accuracy and reliability of data sources.
In the sales process, the manual ledger was replaced by accurate master data. And the cost and income of each stage of the project were counted and managed in a more scientific and standardized way. Which provided a scientific basis for a series of work such as subsequent data analysis.
In the production process, based on the MRP parameters of the material master data. The simulation of medium and long-term production and procurement plans can be realized, including the availability check of materials and the evaluation of the capacity of key bottleneck equipment.
In terms of finance, information such as cost information of materials and working hours of process routes can be seamlessly connected to financial cost accounting, saving the labor cost of manual accounting. At the same time, through the division of multi-dimensional financial accounting and management accounting master data. To meet the needs of more in-depth and comprehensive financial accounting dimensions.数字化转型网www.szhzxw.cn
Conclusion
Combined with the project construction process and daily operation and maintenance practice of a rail transit equipment core parts production enterprise, the paper expounds the master data design and management of rail transit equipment manufacturing industry, aiming at systematically expressing the core content of master data management practice. Through the standardized management of the master data, the data foundation is further consolidated. And the quality and efficiency of rail transit equipment manufacturing enterprises are improved positively.
本文由数字化转型网（www.szhzxw.cn）转载而成，来源于《铁道机车车辆》2023年8月 作者：扈海军 陈彦如 赵鹏飞 杨丽娜；编辑/翻译：数字化转型网宁檬树。
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