“回首过往，中国钢铁从引进、消化、整合，再到自主创新，实现跨越，引领高质量发展，坚持不懈的科技创新始终是关键一招。展望未来，我们仍需凝聚行业力量，坚持科技是第一生产力，走好新时代科技创新之路。”10月25日，在第十四届中国钢铁年会全体大会上，中国钢铁工业协会党委副书记、副会长兼秘书长姜维在讲话中介绍了钢铁工业发展现状，并对稳增长和科技创新推进高质量发展提出了建议。
一、行业展现巨大发展韧性，高质量发展稳步推进
姜维在讲话中表示，今年以来，面对复杂严峻的国际环境，在以习近平同志为核心的党中央坚强领导下，我国经济坚持稳中求进工作总基调，呈现持续回升向好态势，为钢铁行业运行提供了平稳健康的外部环境。钢铁行业作为国民经济基础产业，也展现出巨大的发展韧性，高质量发展稳步推进。主要表现在四个方面： 数字化转型网www.szhzxw.cn
一是钢铁产量保持增长，行业运行总体平稳有序。面对严峻的市场形势，钢铁企业积极适应市场变化，坚持“以销定产、以效定产、以现定销”的原则，加强对标挖潜，促进管理提升。前三季度，我国粗钢产量7.95亿吨，同比增长1.7%；经济效益从6月份开始呈现逐月回升的良好势头，9月末重点统计企业资产负债率为62.65%，同比基本持平。
二是品种结构不断优化，有力支撑了下游行业和新兴产业对钢铁在量和质上的更高要求。今年以来高端钢材需求继续提高，船舶、汽车、家电等制造业和风电、光伏等新兴产业用钢品种数量持续增长，其中电工钢板（带）产量同比增长14.3%，热轧薄板同比增长18.25%，冷轧窄钢带同比增长15.7%。高附加值产品出口占比明显提高。 数字化转型网www.szhzxw.cn
三是积极贯彻新发展理念，深入推动绿色化。我们遵循以“低消耗、低污染、低碳排”为核心的低碳发展路线图，持续推动节能减排和绿色低碳发展。截至9月底，共有96家钢铁企业完成或部分完成超低排放改造，涉及粗钢产能约4.53亿吨。积极推进实施极致能效工程，58家企业4.4亿吨产能作为极致能效培育企业。钢铁企业已启动53项世界前沿低碳技术研发，部分取得了突破性进展。扎实开展EPD平台建设，推进EPD报告的全球互认，10月18日成功发布了鞍钢、包钢、永钢等企业的22份EPD（产品环境声明）报告，3份PCR（全球镁产品、金属废料产品和货物运输服务产品种类规则）实现了全球首发。
四是积极推进数字化、智能化等新一代信息通信技术与钢铁制造全流程的深度融合，实施智能化转型。形成了包含智慧生产、质量管控、设备运维、无人库区、安环消防多业务集成的平台管控架构，90%的钢铁企业建立了生产制造及能源管控系统，500万吨规模以上企业基本建立了管控衔接系统，机器人应用密度达到54台（套）/万人。钢铁企业生产效率大幅提高、运行成本显著降低、能效水平系统提升、质量稳定性明显提高、员工劳动强度显著降低。 数字化转型网www.szhzxw.cn
二、进入周期性调整阶段，稳增长需自律+合力
“在肯定成绩的同时，我们也必须清醒地认识到，钢铁行业已进入周期性调整，面临着房地产、建筑等传统用钢需求恢复不足、阶段性供需矛盾加大、行业利润下降等困难。”姜维指出，前三季度，钢协统计重点会员企业利润总额621亿元，同比下降34%；平均利润率仅为1.33%，同比下降0.66个百分点，在41个工业大类中排名靠后，处于较低水平。行业保持稳定运行、推动高质量发展的任务依然艰巨。
姜维表示，习近平总书记近日就推进新型工业化作出重要指示“发展中的问题要靠发展来解决”，这为我们今后工作指明了方向。在深入分析研究钢铁行业发展现状、发展周期规律的基础上，8月份，工信部、国家发展改革委等七部门联合发布了《钢铁行业稳增长工作方案》，提出了2023年钢铁工业增加值增长3.5%左右、2024年工业增加值增长4%以上的目标。《方案》着重从供需两端发力，坚持优化供给与扩大需求相结合、立足当前和着眼长远相结合、市场主导与政府引导相结合，实施技术创新改造、钢材消费升级、供给能力提升和龙头企业培育等“四大行动”。 数字化转型网www.szhzxw.cn
“当前，钢铁行业平稳运行的关键是要加强行业自律，保持市场供需动态平衡。”姜维强调道，“我们倡导‘以满足用户需求为目的、以供需平衡为原则’的自律生产方式，着力提升钢材供给质量和保障能力；呼吁企业积极践行‘讲信用、重自律、守规矩’的行动准则，按照‘以销定产、以效定产、以现定销’的原则，坚持有订单的生产、有边际的产量、有利润的收入、有现金的利润，追求有质量的经营、有效益的发展。”
他同时强调，面对更加激烈的市场竞争，科技进步是中国钢铁持续健康发展和保持市场竞争力的关键。正如何文波书记在中国国际钢铁大会中所言，随着社会的发展和时代的进步，世界钢铁业技术创新和产业变革的步伐也一直在加速，不断推出的新产品、新技术、新流程、新业态已经彻底改变了世界钢铁业的面貌。 数字化转型网www.szhzxw.cn
姜维进一步分析指出，客观讲在突破性低碳冶金、极致节能降耗、工业互联、智慧生产、装备升级、流程优化等影响行业未来发展的新课题方面，我们还处于跟跑向并跑奋斗的阶段，一些核心装备和软件仍高度依赖进口，原创性技术成果相对较少，基础理论与产业化应用存在脱节，钢铁行业内、上下游产业间协同研发没有形成良好闭环，基础理论、科研、生产、应用四者之间分工不够清晰，钢铁企业、科研院所、高等院校都集中在产业化应用端发力，资源都集中在希望3、5年甚至1、2年就能见效的研发项目上，表现在中国钢铁仿制能力、应用能力强，而在基础研究、未来技术的长期投入上，国家有限的资源更多优先在新兴产业，其他投资主体意愿不足，这就造成应用研究一定程度上存在资源分散、多头研发、相互竞争，效率不高，而基础理论研究上投入严重不足。
“在行业下行周期这些问题将更加凸显，在全球钢铁在绿色低碳转型未来技术突破上大举投入的今天，解决这一问题已经刻不容缓，不容错过。”姜维提醒道。 数字化转型网www.szhzxw.cn
他同时指出，钢铁与下游用户、下游产业科研机构缺乏有效合作机制，联合研发、共同创新的体系还不健全，甚至部分领域下游用户出于稳妥更倾向优先选用进口钢材，钢铁企业无法掌握钢材的服役情况，持续改进，产品迭代成为泡影，部分下游行业不掌握核心技术，不掌握核心装备的设计与制造技术，依赖于成套进口，造成中国钢铁材料生产者与使用者之间无法建立反馈改进机制，没有需求的引领，技术便迷失方向。没有应用的反馈，材料持续改进、迭代升级便无从下手，应用反馈存在断链。钢铁行业对上游供应商的技术创新支持不够，上下游产业链协同创新机制尚未建立。
姜维表示，行业对解决这些问题的方向和举措越来越清晰，2022年钢铁企业研究院院长会议达成了上海共识，以使命共识、责任共识和合作共识为原则，提出要系统、全面地解决上述问题，必须强化产业链上下游协同攻关，加大应用基础研究力度，促进创新链和产业链对接，形成关键核心技术攻关强大合力；必须依靠创新驱动，聚焦钢铁材料升级，支撑下游产业高质量发展；提升自主创新能力，突破关键材料、关键装备供应瓶颈；推进钢铁产业智能化转型，创建数字化钢铁企业；倡导全行业协同、“产学研用”生态圈合作；建立健全关键领域钢铁新材料上下游合作机制，共同促进材料开发和市场应用的有机衔接；我们将强化从0到1，打造原创技术策源地。形成自主、开放、面向基础研究和萌芽技术的国内和国际合作创新生态。同时他表示，我们可喜地看到，中国宝武、鞍钢、河钢、沙钢、北科大、东大、钢研、中冶及中冶赛迪等已经行动，合力正在形成，突破就在眼前。在刚刚召开的世界钢协会议上，各国钢铁同行做出了“对中国钢铁行业为脱碳做好的准备尤为感慨”的评价。 数字化转型网www.szhzxw.cn
“志行万里者，不中道而辍足。各位钢铁同仁，各位科技精英，前路艰辛，方向已明，行则将至，行则必至。”最后，姜维提出殷切期待，“让我们站在新的历史起点，聚众合力，携手同行，致力于钢铁工业科技进步，为实现中国钢铁在碳中和之路上引领全球绿色低碳发展而贡献力量。”
翻译：
Jiang Wei: Give full play to the joint efforts of scientific and technological innovation to promote the high-quality development of steel
“Looking back on the past, China’s steel from the introduction, digestion, integration, and then to independent innovation, to achieve leapfrog, leading high-quality development, persistent scientific and technological innovation is always a key move.” Looking ahead, we still need to gather the strength of the industry, insist that science and technology is the first productive force, and take the road of scientific and technological innovation in the new era.” On October 25, at the plenary meeting of the 14th China Iron and Steel Annual Meeting, Jiang Wei, deputy secretary of the Party Committee, Vice president and Secretary-General of the China Iron and Steel Industry Association, introduced the status quo of the development of the steel industry in his speech, and put forward suggestions for stable growth and scientific and technological innovation to promote high-quality development.
First, the industry shows great development resilience, high-quality development is steadily advancing
The steel industry, as a basic industry of the national economy, has also shown great resilience in development, and high-quality development has been steadily promoted. It is mainly manifested in four aspects: 数字化转型网www.szhzxw.cn
First, steel production has maintained growth, and the overall operation of the industry is stable and orderly. In the face of the grim market situation, iron and steel enterprises actively adapt to market changes, adhere to the principle of “set production by sales, set production by efficiency, and set sales by current”, strengthen the potential exploitation of the standard, and promote management improvement. In the first three quarters, China’s crude steel production of 795 million tons, an increase of 1.7%; Economic benefits from June began to show a good momentum month by month, at the end of September the key statistics of enterprise asset-liability ratio of 62.65%, basically flat year-on-year.
Second, the variety structure has been continuously optimized, which has strongly supported the higher requirements for steel in quantity and quality in downstream industries and emerging industries. Since the beginning of this year, the demand for high-end steel has continued to increase, and the number of steel varieties used in the manufacturing industry such as ships, automobiles, home appliances and wind power, photovoltaic and other emerging industries has continued to grow, of which the output of electrical steel plate (strip) increased by 14.3% year-on-year, hot-rolled sheet increased by 18.25% year-on-year, and cold-rolled narrow steel strip increased by 15.7% year-on-year. The proportion of exports of high value-added products increased significantly. 数字化转型网www.szhzxw.cn
Third, actively implement the new development concept and further promote green development. We follow the low-carbon development roadmap with “low consumption, low pollution and low carbon emission” as the core, and continue to promote energy conservation, emission reduction and green and low-carbon development. By the end of September, a total of 96 steel enterprises had completed or partially completed ultra-low emission transformation, involving crude steel production capacity of about 453 million tons. Actively promote the implementation of the ultimate energy efficiency project, 58 enterprises with 440 million tons of production capacity as the ultimate energy efficiency cultivation enterprises. Steel companies have launched research and development of 53 cutting-edge low-carbon technologies, some of which have made breakthroughs. Solid implementation of EPD platform construction, promote the global mutual recognition of EPD reports, on October 18 successfully released 22 EPD (Product Environmental Statement) reports of Angang, Baogang, Yongsteel and other enterprises, 3 PCR (global magnesium products, metal waste products and cargo transportation service product type rules) to achieve the global debut.
Fourth, actively promote the deep integration of new generation information and communication technologies such as digitalization and intelligence with the entire process of steel manufacturing, and implement intelligent transformation. Formed a platform management and control structure including intelligent production, quality control, equipment operation and maintenance, unmanned reservoir area, safety and environmental fire multi-business integration, 90% of iron and steel enterprises have established a production and manufacturing and energy control system, enterprises above 5 million tons have basically established a control and control connection system, and the robot application density has reached 54 (sets) / 10,000 people. The production efficiency of iron and steel enterprises has been greatly improved, the operating cost has been significantly reduced, the energy efficiency level has been systematically improved, the quality stability has been significantly improved, and the labor intensity of employees has been significantly reduced. 数字化转型网www.szhzxw.cn
Second, entering the stage of cyclical adjustment, steady growth requires self-discipline and concerted efforts
“While affirming the achievements, we must also clearly realize that the steel industry has entered a cyclical adjustment, facing the lack of recovery of traditional steel demand for real estate, construction and other difficulties, increasing the contradiction between supply and demand, and declining industry profits.” Jiang Wei pointed out that in the first three quarters, the total profit of key member enterprises of the Steel Association was 62.1 billion yuan, down 34% year-on-year; The average profit margin was only 1.33%, down 0.66 percentage points year-on-year, ranking behind the 41 industrial categories and at a low level. The task of maintaining stable operation and promoting high-quality development of the industry is still arduous. 数字化转型网www.szhzxw.cn
On the basis of in-depth analysis and research on the status quo of the development of the steel industry and the law of the development cycle, in August, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the National Development and Reform Commission and other seven departments jointly issued the “Work Plan for the steady growth of the steel industry”, putting forward the target of about 3.5% growth in the added value of the steel industry in 2023 and more than 4% growth in industrial added value in 2024. The “plan” focuses on the power from both ends of supply and demand, adheres to the combination of optimizing supply and expanding demand, based on the current and long-term combination, market leadership and government guidance, and carries out “four major actions” such as technological innovation and transformation, steel consumption upgrading, supply capacity improvement and leading enterprise cultivation. 数字化转型网www.szhzxw.cn
“At present, the key to the smooth operation of the steel industry is to strengthen industry self-discipline and maintain a dynamic balance between market supply and demand.” Jiang Wei stressed, “We advocate the self-disciplined production mode of ‘aiming to meet the needs of users and balancing supply and demand as the principle’, and strive to improve the quality and guarantee ability of steel supply; Call on enterprises to actively practice the ‘credit, self-discipline, obey the rules’ of action, in accordance with the’ sales to set production, efficiency to set production, to order sales’ principle, adhere to the production of orders, marginal output, profitable income, cash profits, the pursuit of quality management, efficient development.”
At the same time, he stressed that in the face of more intense market competition, scientific and technological progress is the key to the sustainable and healthy development of China’s steel and maintain market competitiveness. As Secretary He Wenbo said at the China International Steel Conference, with the development of society and the progress of The Times, the pace of technological innovation and industrial change in the world steel industry has been accelerating, and the new products, new technologies, new processes, and new formats have completely changed the face of the world steel industry. 数字化转型网www.szhzxw.cn
Jiang Wei further analysis pointed out that objectively speaking, in terms of new topics affecting the future development of the industry such as breakthrough low-carbon metallurgy, extreme energy saving and consumption reduction, industrial interconnection, intelligent production, equipment upgrading, process optimization, etc., we are still in the stage of running and struggling, some core equipment and software are still highly dependent on imports, and the original technical achievements are relatively few. There is a disconnect between basic theory and industrial application, collaborative research and development in the steel industry and between upstream and downstream industries has not formed a good closed loop, the division of labor between basic theory, scientific research, production and application is not clear enough, iron and steel enterprises, scientific research institutes, universities and colleges are concentrated on industrial application, resources are concentrated on research and development projects that hope to be effective in 3, 5 years or even 1 or 2 years. It is reflected in China’s strong imitation capacity and application capacity of steel, and in the long-term investment in basic research and future technology, the limited resources of the country are more priority in emerging industries, and the willingness of other investment subjects is insufficient, which results in the resource dispersion, multi-head research and development, competition and low efficiency in applied research to a certain extent, and a serious lack of investment in basic theoretical research.
“These issues will become more prominent in the industry’s downward cycle, and at a time when global steel is investing heavily in future technological breakthroughs in the green and low-carbon transition, solving this problem is urgent and cannot be missed.” “Jiang Wei warned.
At the same time, he pointed out that steel and downstream users, downstream industrial research institutions lack an effective cooperation mechanism, joint research and development, joint innovation system is not perfect, and even some areas of downstream users are more inclined to choose imported steel for safety, steel enterprises can not grasp the service of steel, continuous improvement, product iteration has become a failure, some downstream industries do not master the core technology, Do not master the design and manufacturing technology of core equipment, relying on complete sets of imports, resulting in China’s steel material producers and users can not establish a feedback improvement mechanism, without the guidance of demand, technology will lose direction. Without application feedback, continuous improvement and iterative upgrading of materials are impossible to start, and application feedback is broken. The steel industry’s technological innovation support for upstream suppliers is not enough, and the upstream and downstream industrial chain collaborative innovation mechanism has not yet been established. 数字化转型网www.szhzxw.cn
Jiang Wei said that the industry has become more and more clear about the direction and measures to solve these problems, and the President’s meeting of the Steel Enterprise Research Institute in 2022 reached the Shanghai Consensus, based on the principle of mission consensus, responsibility consensus and cooperation consensus, and proposed that in order to systematically and comprehensively solve the above problems, it is necessary to strengthen the upstream and downstream of the industrial chain to collaborate on key problems, and increase the application of basic research. We will promote the docking of innovation and industrial chains and form a strong synergy in tackling key core technologies. We must rely on innovation to drive, focus on upgrading steel materials, and support the high-quality development of downstream industries; We will enhance our capacity for independent innovation and break through bottlenecks in the supply of key materials and equipment. Promote the intelligent transformation of the steel industry and create digital steel enterprises; Advocate industry-wide collaboration, “industry-university-research” ecosystem cooperation; Establish and improve the upstream and downstream cooperation mechanism of new steel materials in key fields, and jointly promote the organic connection between material development and market application; We will strengthen from 0 to 1 to create a source of original technology. To form an independent, open, domestic and international cooperative innovation ecosystem for basic research and budding technologies. At the same time, he said that we are pleased to see that China Baowu, Angang, Hesteel, Shagang, Beijing University of Science and Technology, Dongda, Steel Research, MCC and MCC Saidi have acted, and a breakthrough is in sight. At the just-held meeting of the World Steel Association, the steel counterparts of various countries made an evaluation of “the Chinese steel industry’s preparation for decarbonization is particularly emotional”.
“Those who will travel thousands of miles will not stop in the middle.” Fellow steel colleagues, fellow scientific and technological elites, the road ahead is difficult, the direction is clear, the action is coming, the action will be reached.” Finally, Jiang Wei put forward ardent expectations, “Let us stand at a new historical starting point, gather forces, hand in hand, committed to the scientific and technological progress of the steel industry, and contribute to the realization of China’s steel on the road to carbon neutrality leading the global green and low-carbon development.”
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