现如今，各行各业都深谙数字技术的普惠价值，寺院也不例外。近日，杭州灵隐寺一位高僧讲解“智慧寺院”的照片，刷爆了朋友圈。很多人没想到，在“数字化”这件事上，我佛再一次走到了前列。事实上，这并非新鲜事。“虚实结合”“人间佛教”“互联网宗教”等概念，正在为当前社会的文明建设提供更多新的想象和新的可能。
近来，杭州灵隐寺一位高僧讲解“智慧寺院”的照片，刷爆了朋友圈。
照这个趋势发展，程序员要想从大厂无缝衔接跳槽到寺院，已经指日可待。
现如今，各行各业都深谙数字技术的普惠价值，寺院也不例外。丛林净土，正在积极融入现代化治理的进程中。正如佛法所讲，“以因陀罗网，分别方便，普分别一切法界。以种种世界，入一世界。”用互联网黑话来理解，即从1到N，万物互联。这恰恰与互联网联结共享的逻辑不谋而合。
受疫情“黑天鹅”事件的影响，寺院这类特殊主体也不可避免地发生改变。远程办公、在线弘法、线上祈福等需求快速增加，传统管理模式已经难以适应发展，而商业化、娱乐化的网络舆情也侵蚀着丛林的清朗。以数字化方式去推动宗教事务管理体制建设的转型升级，彰示出了古寺在当下一种新的入世智慧。
一、数字赋能，佛法加持，双BUFF叠加打开寺院新格局
灵隐寺的数字化，并非新鲜事。 数字化转型网www.szhzxw.cn
2019年初，灵隐寺就通过了ISO9001质量体系认证，在寺院管理、弘法利生、服务社会等方面引入现代化的管理思维和方法，成为国内首个通过该体系认证的佛教寺院；2021年5月，灵隐寺数字赋能研究中心成立，主要围绕佛教寺院数字化管理开展探索与实践。
显然，数字化是寺院深度的管理优化，是连通上下游，内外部的系统性工程。其所显示出的巨大优势，尽管加速了寺院的现代化转型，但也对寺院薄弱的数据共享能力基础提出了挑战。
这意味着“算法逻辑”要楔式嵌入到内部管理和外部弘法的“需求逻辑”中。对此，灵隐寺数字赋能研究中心的项目负责人提出了“综合、协同、人事、佛事、安全、资产、文化”七大板块为核心的“智慧寺院”数字化建设雏形。 数字化转型网www.szhzxw.cn
据悉，为了实现灵隐寺一体化综合服务管理效能，“智慧寺院”平台采用“分层级、分类别、分权限”的方式，搭建了“1+6+N”（“1”即一体化综合服务，“6”即6个子场景，“N”即N个小切口）架构体系。
此外，针对灵隐寺作为国家重点文物保护单位、主体建筑又多为砖木结构的情况，该平台还完善了游客统计、防疫管控、数据安全、消防预警等细化功能；通过“GIS地图+VR场景+视频监控”虚实结合，对寺院内环境进行实时监测，提升事件研判能力和处置能力。
目前，杭州灵隐寺“智慧寺院”应用场景已被纳入“浙里宗教智治”重大应用培育试点单位，对推进浙江省宗教领域数字化改革工作具有重大实践意义。
事实上，无论寺院采取何种管理模式，结果最终将指向“人”。数字化在其中扮演的，是服务于“人”的思维方式与工具。佛学界近几年一直在讨论“人间佛教”的概念，提倡佛教要适应社会变迁，紧密结合大众精神文化的需求。
从另一个角度看，“智慧寺院”不只是佛法主动融入技术浪潮的结果，也为技术赋予了新的光环。灵隐寺方丈光泉法师认为，“数字化+智慧寺院”为科技注入一种润泽的活力，让单纯的技术走向人类心灵的觉悟和慈悲心的开显。 数字化转型网www.szhzxw.cn
佛教经典中曾提及“菩萨若不能通彻世间的一切工巧技术，不能证入第五地。”可以看到，大乘佛学的教义点明：运用社会知识和技术成果，不仅能增长个体在科学上的灵性，还有助于神性的提升。
数字赋能和佛法加持的双BUFF叠加，让寺院里的晨钟暮鼓、佛经上的禅味趣事、佛法中的深奥道理，逐渐完成神格化向人格化的转变。“我佛大数据，慈悲数字化”正在成为可能。
二、虚实相生，有无相成，寺院数字化建设如火如荼
像灵隐寺这样，把数字和佛法的结合做到“虚实相生，有无相成”的寺院，并非个例。
2020年在江苏省开原寺，无锡市佛教信息化大数据中心、省五星级智能档案室、省5A级数字档案室、大数据云计算智能库房等正式启动。其中，无锡数据中心已对接江苏省佛教信息化大数据中心四大技术平台，包括：云寺务管理平台、教职人员管理系统、大数据分析与展示系统、寺院周界防范系统、寺院云视频平台等。
自建成以来，开原寺已成为无锡市佛教工作的特色亮点和创新品牌，受到中央统战部、江苏省委省政府的广泛关注。 数字化转型网www.szhzxw.cn
而现阶段国内的寺院数字化建设，不但注重“内修”，还要强调“外弘”。作为国家文化大数据体系的重要组成部分，各寺院中文物瑰宝的数字化保护也显得尤为关键。
南京大报恩寺创新性地将数字媒介的概念和手段应用到文博领域，在文旅融合的视野下，将寺院场馆的文化传播与科技感的互动体验相结合，借助空间形态、场馆业态和信息生态的高度融合，实现“人景结合、人人结合和人文结合”的智慧生态系统。
在大报恩寺遗址博物馆的牵头组织下，首届南京旅游信息化联盟于2020年正式成立，为南京各景区和博物馆的信息化与智能化建设工作提供了交流平台。 数字化转型网www.szhzxw.cn
对寺院数字化建设的探索，邻国日本的种种尝试则显得“离经叛道”。
为了给佛教注入新活力，吸引更多年轻的信众，京都龙安寺曾在2018年举办过一场科技感极强的Remix风“电音法会”。现场绚烂的灯光、图像映照在佛堂中，庄严的佛像霎时五光十色，被效果器处理后的诵经声和电子音乐充斥耳畔。这场跨界的硬核蹦迪，让更多人看到了寺院为求生存、推广信仰的勇气和决心。
同样位于京都的醍醐寺，在2021年召开新闻发布会，宣称将在人造卫星内部设置“宇宙分院”，取名“净天院劫蕴寺”。到2023年太空寺院建成后，将定期举行“宇宙法会”，法事活动的数据会一并送往太空。
过去，寺院只需要弘扬佛法，提高僧侣信众的定力、悟力……现在，寺院数字化建设得如火如荼，让外界对其在数据、算法、算力上的表现，又有了新的期待。
可以预见，寺院管理模式现代化、寺院管理工具现代化、寺院管理人才现代化，将为宗教事务治理工作带去新一轮的启发和思考。 数字化转型网www.szhzxw.cn
三、需要创新，更要守正，宗教事务现代化治理任重道远
由国家宗教事务局、国家互联网信息办公室、工业和信息化部、公安部和国家安全部五部门联合制定的《互联网宗教信息服务管理办法》，在今年3月1日起施行，明确网上讲经讲道应当由取得许可证的宗教团体、宗教院校和寺观教堂组织开展。
这表明，在顶层设计上，我国依法依规对互联网宗教信息服务规范化管理迈出了重要一步。数字文明建设是互联网宗教发展的核心要义，寺院数字化建设要不断加深对数字化改革本质的理解和把握，积极把握并发挥“数字赋能”在佛教管理中的作用，大力推进佛教现代化的转型，有利于进一步强化中华文化的国际性以及佛法的世界性。 数字化转型网www.szhzxw.cn
“观大势，开新局”，是寺院数字化建设中体察时代变化要把握的重要视角。
不少省份一直致力于寻找到寺院数字化的正确姿势。2021年浙江“全省宗教工作会议”明确，以数字化改革为引领，将浙江打造为宗教中国化“重要窗口”展示区、宗教和谐进步样板区、平安宗教建设示范区、宗教事务治理数字化改革先行区；在数字赋能宗教工作上主动作为，强化互联网宗教事务管理，加快形成数字化改革重大标志性成果，加快形成宗教风险的闭环管控体系。 数字化转型网www.szhzxw.cn
诚然，宗教现代化治理需要创新，更要守正。
从不佛系营业的专业号文化产业评论（ID：whcypl）认为，寺院数字化建设势在必行。但由于所处地区经济发展的影响，以及文化底蕴的差异，不同寺院之间的数字化需求相差很大，如何为更多主体打造个性化、灵活化的智慧方案，广泛加强国内寺院整体的数字化能力，亟需社会给予多元化的审慎思考。
四、结语
不可否认，数字时代对寺院来说，是机缘，更是考验。要警惕寺院转型过程中为数字化而数字化的情况。乱象的出现，实际上都是把搞噱头、玩概念的重要性摆在了用户之前。
从古至今，寺院对于文明建设能做的，远比想象的多。我们有理由相信，不论是对宗教事务管理的优化调整，还是对文化事业的助力，推进数字化建设，都将成为寺院发展历史中值得随喜赞叹的一大幸事。
翻译：
Digital Empowerment, Dharma Blessings: How does a wisdom temple bring all sentient beings?
Today, all walks of life understand the inclusive value of digital technology, and monasteries are no exception. Recently, a photo of a senior monk in Lingyin Temple in Hangzhou explaining the “wisdom temple” has been swept through the circle of friends. Many people do not expect that in the matter of “digitalization”, my Buddha has once again come to the forefront. In fact, this is nothing new. Concepts such as “the combination of virtuality and reality”, “human Buddhism” and “Internet religion” are providing more new imagination and new possibilities for the construction of civilization in the current society. 数字化转型网www.szhzxw.cn
Recently, a photo of a senior monk in Lingyin Temple in Hangzhou explaining “wisdom Temple” has been swept through the circle of friends.
If this trend continues, it will not be long before programmers can move seamlessly from big factories to temples. 数字化转型网www.szhzxw.cn
Today, all walks of life understand the inclusive value of digital technology, and monasteries are no exception. The pure jungle land is actively integrating into the process of modern governance. As the Dharma says, “With the net of Indra, it is convenient to separate all Dharma realms.” From all worlds, into one world.” In Internet jargon, from 1 to N, everything is connected. This precisely coincides with the logic of Internet connectivity and sharing.
Affected by the “black swan” event of the epidemic, special subjects such as monasteries will inevitably change. The demand for telecommuting, online promotion and online blessing is increasing rapidly, and the traditional management model has been difficult to adapt to the development, while the network public opinion of commercialization and entertainment has also eroded the clear jungle. To promote the transformation and upgrading of the construction of the religious affairs management system by digital means shows a new wisdom of the ancient temple in the current WTO.
First, digital empowerment, Dharma blessings, and double BUFF superposition open a new pattern of monasteries
The digitization of Lingyin Temple is not new. 数字化转型网www.szhzxw.cn
At the beginning of 2019, Lingyin Temple passed the ISO9001 quality system certification, introducing modern management thinking and methods in temple management, promoting Dharma to benefit health, and serving the society, becoming the first Buddhist temple in China to pass the system certification; In May 2021, Lingyin Temple Digital Empowerment Research Center was established to explore and practice the digital management of Buddhist monasteries.
Obviously, digitization is the management optimization of the temple depth, and it is a systematic project connecting upstream and downstream, internal and external. The great advantages it has shown, although it has accelerated the modernization transformation of the temple, it has also challenged the weak foundation of the temple’s data sharing capability.
This means that the “algorithmic logic” is wedged into the “requirements logic” of internal management and external propagation. In this regard, the project leader of Lingyin Temple Digital Empowerment Research Center proposed the digital construction prototype of “smart temple” with seven core areas of “integration, collaboration, personnel, Buddhist affairs, security, assets, and culture”.
It is reported that in order to achieve the integrated service management efficiency of Lingyin Temple, the “wisdom temple” platform uses the way of “hierarchical level, classification, subauthority” to build a “1+6+N” (” 1 “is an integrated comprehensive service,” 6 “is 6 sub-scenes,” N “is N small cuts) architecture system. 数字化转型网www.szhzxw.cn
In addition, in view of the fact that Lingyin Temple is a key national cultural relic protection unit and the main building is mostly brick and wood structure, the platform has also improved the detailed functions of tourist statistics, epidemic prevention and control, data security, and fire warning. Through the combination of “GIS map +VR scene + video surveillance”, real-time monitoring of the temple environment is carried out to improve the ability of incident research and judgment and disposal.
At present, the application scenario of “wisdom temple” in Hangzhou Lingyin Temple has been included in the major application and cultivation pilot unit of “Zheli Religious wisdom Governance”, which has great practical significance for promoting the digital reform in the religious field in Zhejiang Province.
In fact, no matter what mode of management the monastery adopts, the results will ultimately point to “people.” In it, digitalization plays a role in the way of thinking and tools that serve “people”. The Buddhist community has been discussing the concept of “human Buddhism” in recent years, advocating that Buddhism should adapt to social changes and closely integrate with the needs of popular spiritual culture.
From another perspective, the “wisdom temple” is not only the result of Dharma’s active integration into the wave of technology, but also gives a new aura to technology. Master Guangquan, the abbot of Lingyin Temple, believes that “digitalization + wisdom temple” has injected a kind of moist vitality into science and technology, so that simple technology can lead to the consciousness of the human heart and the development of compassion. 数字化转型网www.szhzxw.cn
In the Buddhist scriptures, it is said that “if a Bodhisattva cannot understand all the skillful techniques of the world, he cannot enter the fifth Earth.” As you can see, the teachings of Mahayana Buddhism point out that the use of social knowledge and technological achievements can not only increase one’s scientific spirituality, but also contribute to the ascension of the divine.
The double BUFF superposition of digital empowerment and Dharma blessings makes the morning bells and drums in the monastery, the zen flavor and fun in the Buddhist scriptures, and the profound truth in the Dharma gradually complete the transformation from deity to personalization. “I Buddha big data, compassion digitization” is becoming possible.
Second, the virtual reality is born, there is no each other, the digital construction of the temple is in full swing
Such as Lingyin Temple, the combination of numbers and Buddhism to achieve “virtual reality, there are no complementary” of the temple, is not alone. 数字化转型网www.szhzxw.cn
In 2020, in Kaiyuan Temple, Jiangsu Province, the Wuxi Buddhist Information Big Data Center, the provincial five-star intelligent archive room, the provincial 5A-level digital archive room, and the big data cloud computing intelligent warehouse are officially launched. Among them, Wuxi Data center has connected with the four major technology platforms of Jiangsu Buddhist Information big Data center, including: cloud temple affairs management platform, teaching personnel management system, big data analysis and display system, temple perimeter prevention system, temple cloud video platform, etc.
Since its completion, Kaiyuan Temple has become a unique highlight and innovative brand of Buddhist work in Wuxi City, and has received extensive attention from the United Front Work Department of the Central Committee and the Jiangsu Provincial Government.
At present, the digital construction of domestic temples not only pays attention to “internal repair”, but also emphasizes “external Hong”. As an important part of the national cultural big data system, the digital protection of cultural relics and treasures in temples is particularly critical.
Nanjing Da Bao ‘en Temple innovatively applies the concept and means of digital media to the field of culture and museum.Under the perspective of the integration of culture and tourism, it combines the cultural communication of the temple venues with the interactive experience of science and technology, and realizes the intelligent ecosystem of “combining people with scenery, everyone with humanity” with the help of the high integration of space form, venue format and information ecology.
In front of the 3D 3D Buddha’s head, which is composed of optical fibers and more than 8,000 crystal beads, a bronze statue of Xuanzang sits facing the Buddha’s head to meditate, forming a scene of staring at the Buddha.
Under the leadership of the Da Bao ‘en Temple Site Museum, the first Nanjing Tourism Informatization Alliance was formally established in 2020, providing a platform for exchanges in the informatization and intelligent construction of various scenic spots and museums in Nanjing.
On the exploration of the digital construction of temples, the various attempts of neighboring Japan appear to be “deviant.” 数字化转型网www.szhzxw.cn
In order to inject new vitality into Buddhism and attract more young believers, Ryuan-ji Temple in Kyoto held a techno-inspired Remix “Electric Music Festival” in 2018. The gorgeous lights and images of the scene are reflected in the Buddhist hall, the solemn Buddha images are instantly illuminated, and the chanting sound and electronic music after being processed by the effect machine fill the ears. This cross-border hardcore bungee dance has allowed more people to see the temple’s courage and determination to survive and promote faith.
Daigoji Temple, also located in Kyoto, held a press conference in 2021 to announce that it will set up a “space branch” inside the satellite, named “Jingtenyuan Hikyunji Temple.” After the space temple is completed in 2023, a regular “space Dharma meeting” will be held, and the data of Dharma activities will be sent to space.
In the past, monasteries only needed to promote Dharma and improve the concentration and understanding of monks and believers… Now, the digital construction of the temple is in full swing, so that the outside world has new expectations for its performance in data, algorithms, and computing power. 数字化转型网www.szhzxw.cn
It can be predicted that the modernization of the temple management mode, the modernization of the temple management tools, and the modernization of the temple management talents will bring a new round of inspiration and reflection to the religious affairs management work.
Third, innovation is needed, but more importantly, integrity must be observed. The modernization of religious affairs is a long and arduous task
The Measures for the Administration of Internet Religious Information Services, jointly formulated by the State Administration for Religious Affairs, the State Internet Information Office, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Ministry of Public Security and the Ministry of State Security, came into effect on March 1 this year, making it clear that online preaching should be carried out by licensed religious groups, religious colleges and temples and churches.
This shows that in the top-level design, China has taken an important step in the standardized management of Internet religious information services in accordance with laws and regulations. The construction of digital civilization is the core of the development of Internet religion. The digital construction of monasteries should continuously deepen the understanding and grasp of the nature of digital reform, actively grasp and give play to the role of “digital empowerment” in Buddhist management, vigorously promote the transformation of Buddhist modernization, and further strengthen the internationality of Chinese culture and the world of Buddhism.
“Looking at the general trend and opening a new bureau” is an important perspective to grasp in the digital construction of temples. 数字化转型网www.szhzxw.cn
Many provinces have been trying to find the right posture to digitize monasteries. In 2021, Zhejiang’s “Provincial Religious Work Conference” made it clear that, guided by digital reform, Zhejiang will be built into an “important window” display area of religious sinicization, a model area for religious harmony and progress, a demonstration area for safe religious construction, and a pioneer area for digital reform of religious affairs governance; Take the initiative in digital empowerment of religious work, strengthen the management of Internet religious affairs, accelerate the formation of major landmark achievements in digital reform, and accelerate the formation of a closed-loop control system for religious risks.
It is true that modern religious governance requires innovation and, more importantly, integrity.
Cultural Industry Review (ID: whcypl), which is not a Buddhist business, believes that the digital construction of monasteries is imperative. However, due to the impact of regional economic development and the difference in cultural heritage, the digital needs of different monasteries vary greatly. How to create personalized and flexible wisdom programs for more subjects and extensively strengthen the overall digital capabilities of domestic monasteries requires the society to give diversified careful thinking.
Conclusion
There is no denying that the digital age is both an opportunity and a test for monasteries. Be wary of digitization for the sake of digitization in the temple transformation process. The appearance of chaos is actually the importance of gimmicks and concepts before users. 数字化转型网www.szhzxw.cn
From ancient times to the present, the temple can do much more than imagined for the construction of civilization. We have reason to believe that whether it is the optimization and adjustment of religious affairs management, or the help of cultural undertakings, the promotion of digital construction will become a great blessing in the development history of monasteries.
本文由数字化转型网（www.szhzxw.cn）转载而成，来源于文化产业评论；编辑/翻译：数字化转型网宁檬树。
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