中国综合开发研究院院长助理、数字战略与经济研究所所长曹钟雄受邀参加第五届数字发展论坛并作题为《数字经济与数字技术新论》的特邀演讲。曹钟雄所长指出，数字经济仍然是当前中国经济发展的主峰，技术引领方面作用突出。对实体经济和虚拟经济之争，如何看待数字经济，曹钟雄所长提出了一个看法、两个判断、三大挑战与四点建议。
以下为曹钟雄所长演讲内容，经整理发布，以飨读者。
今天的演讲题目是“新论”，我想在此探讨一下如何看待当前数字经济与数字技术的关系。2022年，中国数字经济规模达50.2万亿人民币，同比增长10.3%，占GDP比重41.5%。这是近期刚公布的数据，由此可见，中国数字经济蓬勃发展，技术进步、技术引领在驱动经济转型发展方面有突出作用。
长期以来，大家对数字经济的评价有着多元化的声音。我主要分享以下几点看法和思考。
一、数字经济与数字技术新论之“看法”
首先，如何看待数字经济。数字经济是一种新的经济形态，不能简单地看做单一产业、单一行业。目前，数字经济已经成为宏观经济新动能的重要的内核驱动力。从这个角度来说，看待数字经济要有宏观的战略性思维。
第二，如何看待数字技术。数字技术是一种生产力，是新质生产力的组成部分，不能简单地将它看做工具。新质生产力代表一种生产力的跃迁，它是科技创新在其中发挥主导作用的生产力。从这个概念上来看，数字技术是新质生产力的关键部分。在数字化时代，数字技术成为了关键技术，占据了发展大国竞争的主导权。 数字化转型网（www.szhzxw.cn）
第三，如何看待数字要素。数字要素是人类活动投入的人、财、物的组合和生成，而不是单一存在的。数据产生是经过生产和生活汇聚、整理、加工而来，数据要素指参与到社会生产经营活动中，为所有者或使用者带来经济效益的数据资源。当前，数字经济与实体经相互融合，是产业科技化或科技产业化的必然趋势。数据要素作为新的生产要素，正驱动着社会生产生活的新发展。
第四，如何看待数实融合。数实融合是一种生产过程，更是数字化的结果，不能简单地将它看成一种形态，更不是对立的关系。数实融合的根本是数字技术对实体产业的技术提升、效率变革，本质是产业数字化的演变过程。数实融合是实体企业、实体产业的技术变革过程，是实体经济的又一次科技化。
二、数字经济与数字技术新论之“判断”
对数实融合的发展有两个判断。一是，企业在向实。平台企业加速将人工智能、实时音视频等技术与制造业、工矿企业等传统产业融合，将新型数字技术融入到产业发展中。二是，产业在向实。数字经济在城市GDP中的占比正在逐渐提高，成为支撑经济发展的重要动力，产业数字化领域的比重在增强。
目前，实体经济的数字化和数字经济的实体化，呈现出相互融合的两大发展趋势。在企业向实、产业向实的过程中，经济呈现出了数字化的发展特征，实体企业在数字经济中，也演变出了新型的实体经济。回顾数字经济发展历程，数字经济起源于实体经济，目前正在经历实体化回归，虽然数字经济存在阶段性发展差异，但从未离开过实体经济的主战场。
三、数字经济与数字技术新论之“挑战”
当下，数实融合面临三大挑战。首先，数据要素流通“在空转”。把数据作为生产要素，是政治经济学的一个重大突破性创新，这里面如何发挥好数据要素的价值和作用，大家都在摸索和尝试，我们需要坚持开放包容的态度，鼓励不同主体进行多样化探索。无论是大平台企业的生态数据还是部门数据，都理应让数据这一要素转化真正的生产力。但目前大多处于割裂状态，尽管在全国范围内成立了多个数据交易所，实际上有多少数据产生了交易，实现了流通，是值得观察的。此外，过度的数据保护也可能造成数据割裂的问题。
其次，策源性数字技术“有缺失”。目前，数字经济领域的核心技术发展不足，以人工智能为例，深度学习、自然语言处理、人工智能芯片等核心关键技术对外依存度较高，对中国数字经济发展的长期的安全稳定提出了挑战。 数字化转型网（www.szhzxw.cn）
第三，创新的“二次跟随”。过去几年，我们一度出现线上支付、共享单车、网购等“新四大发明”，这体现出了中国互联网业态创新的蓬勃发展。但在近几年，数字经济领域的创新有所放缓，没有提出新的概念，特别是ChatGPT出现以来，再一次回到“跟随式创新”的状态。
四、数字经济与数字技术新论之“发展建议”
第一，发展壮大数字实体，让平台企业成为最懂实体经济的实体企业。随着平台企业的多年发展，已经积累了大量数字化工具和技术，应持续推动创新突破，围绕底层技术等关键核心技术，提高数字技术基础研发能力。平台企业完成自身创新蝶变的同时，也要赋能实体企业，推动整个产业的创新升级。
第二，在数实融合的过程中，根本问题是推进数实融合走深向实，建构“算法大脑”。数字经济、数字实体的发展壮大，需要依托数字技术和实体行业的“算法大脑”，让算法更懂产业实体企业的生产流程。
第三，让AI产业、AI技术成为产业AI，让实体企业成为科技企业。在数实融合中，制造业、工矿业等传统行业同样要积极实现数字化转型，使数据成为真正的生产力，充分发挥人工智能的作用，让AI技术变成自己的产业AI，逐步从实体企业转型为科技企业。
第四，树立全局思维，从宏观经济的角度构建数实融合的创新共同体。数实融合是一场双向奔赴，在这个过程中，不仅要做到数实融合，更要实现数实循环。数实循环是实现数实融合的关键，使数据链与产业链、供应链、价值链、创新链深度融合，构建一个强大的数字中国。
谢谢大家！ 数字化转型网（www.szhzxw.cn）
翻译：
Cao Zhongxiong: New theory of digital economy and digital technology
Cao Zhongxiong, Assistant President of China Comprehensive Development Research Institute and Director of Institute of Digital Strategy and Economy, was invited to attend the 5th Digital Development Forum and gave a special speech entitled “New Theory of Digital Economy and Digital Technology”. Cao Zhongxiong pointed out that the digital economy is still the main peak of China’s current economic development, and technology plays a prominent role in leading. On the dispute between the real economy and the virtual economy, how to view the digital economy, Director Cao Zhongxiong put forward a view, two judgments, three challenges and four suggestions.
The following is the speech of Director Cao Zhongxiong, after finishing and publishing, for readers.
The topic of today’s speech is “New Theory”, I would like to discuss how to view the relationship between the current digital economy and digital technology. In 2022, the scale of China’s digital economy will reach 50.2 trillion yuan, an increase of 10.3% year on year, accounting for 41.5% of GDP. This is a recently released data, which shows that China’s digital economy is booming, and technological progress and technology leadership play a prominent role in driving economic transformation and development.
For a long time, there have been diverse voices on the evaluation of the digital economy. I would like to share with you the following observations and reflections.
1. “Views” on the New Theory of Digital Economy and Digital Technology
First, how to think about the digital economy. Digital economy is a new economic form, can not simply be seen as a single industry, a single industry. At present, the digital economy has become an important core driving force for the new momentum of the macro economy. From this perspective, the digital economy must have a macro strategic thinking.
Second, how to think about digital technology. Digital technology is a kind of productivity, is a part of the new quality of productivity, it can not be simply regarded as a tool. The new quality productivity represents a kind of productivity transition, which is the productivity in which scientific and technological innovation plays a leading role. From this concept, digital technology is a key part of new quality productivity. In the digital age, digital technology has become a key technology and dominated the competition among developing countries. 数字化转型网（www.szhzxw.cn）
Third, how to look at digital elements. Digital elements are the combination and generation of people, goods and things invested in human activities, rather than a single existence. Data generation comes from the gathering, sorting and processing of production and life. Data elements refer to the data resources that participate in social production and management activities and bring economic benefits to owners or users. At present, the integration of digital economy and physical economy is an inevitable trend of industrial technology or science and technology industrialization. As a new factor of production, data factors are driving the new development of social production and life.
Fourth, how to view the integration of numbers and real. The fusion of number and reality is a production process and the result of digitalization. It cannot be simply regarded as a form, let alone a relationship of opposites. The fundamental of digital-real integration is the technological improvement and efficiency change of digital technology to the real industry, and the essence is the evolution process of industrial digitalization. The integration of data and reality is the technological change process of real enterprises and real industries, and another technological transformation of real economy.
2. The “Judgment” of the New Theory of Digital Economy and Digital Technology
There are two judgments about the development of log-real fusion. First, companies are turning real. Platform enterprises accelerate the integration of artificial intelligence, real-time audio and video technologies with traditional industries such as manufacturing, industrial and mining enterprises, and integrate new digital technologies into industrial development. Second, the industry is becoming real. The proportion of digital economy in urban GDP is gradually increasing, becoming an important driving force to support economic development, and the proportion of industrial digitalization is increasing.
At present, the digitization of the real economy and the materialization of the digital economy show two major trends of mutual integration. In the process of enterprise to real and industry to real, the economy has shown the characteristics of digital development, and the real enterprise has also evolved a new type of real economy in the digital economy. Looking back at the development process of the digital economy, the digital economy originated from the real economy and is currently undergoing a substantive return. Although the digital economy has phased development differences, it has never left the main battlefield of the real economy. 数字化转型网（www.szhzxw.cn）
3. “Challenges” of Digital Economy and New Theories of Digital Technology
At present, the integration of digital reality faces three major challenges. First, the flow of data elements is “idling.” The use of data as a factor of production is a major breakthrough innovation in political economy. How to give full play to the value and role of data factors is something that everyone is exploring and trying. We need to adhere to an open and inclusive attitude and encourage different entities to conduct diversified exploration. Whether it is ecological data or departmental data of large platform enterprises, data should be transformed into real productivity. But most of it is currently fragmented, and although multiple data exchanges have been set up across the country, it is worth watching how much data has actually been traded and circulated. In addition, excessive data protection can also create data fragmentation problems.
Second, the source digital technology is “missing”. At present, the development of core technologies in the field of digital economy is insufficient. Taking artificial intelligence as an example, core key technologies such as deep learning, natural language processing, and artificial intelligence chips are highly dependent on foreign countries, which poses challenges to the long-term security and stability of China’s digital economy development. 数字化转型网（www.szhzxw.cn）
Third, the “second follow” of innovation. In the past few years, we have once appeared online payment, shared bicycles, online shopping and other “new four great inventions”, which reflects the vigorous development of China’s Internet business innovation. However, in recent years, innovation in the field of digital economy has slowed down, and no new concepts have been proposed, especially since the emergence of ChatGPT, which has once again returned to the state of “follow-through innovation”.
4. “Development Proposals” of the New Digital Economy and Digital Technology
First, develop and expand digital entities, so that platform enterprises become the entity enterprises that understand the real economy best. With the development of platform enterprises for many years, they have accumulated a large number of digital tools and technologies, and should continue to promote innovation breakthroughs, and improve the basic research and development capabilities of digital technology around key core technologies such as underlying technologies. While platform enterprises complete their own innovation and transformation, they should also empower entity enterprises to promote the innovation and upgrading of the entire industry.
Second, in the process of digital real fusion, the fundamental problem is to promote digital real fusion to go deep to real, and build an “algorithm brain”. The development and growth of the digital economy and digital entities need to rely on digital technology and the “algorithmic brain” of the real industry to make the algorithm better understand the production process of industrial entities.
Third, let the AI industry and AI technology become industrial AI, and let entities become science and technology enterprises. In the integration of data and reality, traditional industries such as manufacturing, industry and mining should also actively realize digital transformation, make data become real productivity, give full play to the role of artificial intelligence, let AI technology become its own industrial AI, and gradually transform from entity enterprises to science and technology enterprises.
Fourth, establish a global thinking, and build an innovation community integrating data and reality from a macroeconomic perspective. Number real fusion is a two-way process, in this process, not only to achieve the number real fusion, but also to achieve the number real cycle. The digital and real cycle is the key to realize the integration of digital and real, so that the data chain is deeply integrated with the industrial chain, supply chain, value chain and innovation chain, and the construction of a strong digital China.
Thank you all! 数字化转型网（www.szhzxw.cn）
本文由数字化转型网（www.szhzxw.cn）转载而成，来源于伏羲智库；编辑/翻译：数字化转型网宁檬树。
免责声明: 本网站(http://www.szhzxw.cn/)内容主要来自原创、合作媒体供稿和第三方投稿，凡在本网站出现的信息，均仅供参考。本网站将尽力确保所提供信息的准确性及可靠性，但不保证有关资料的准确性及可靠性，读者在使用前请进一步核实，并对任何自主决定的行为负责。本网站对有关资料所引致的错误、不确或遗漏，概不负任何法律责任。
本网站刊载的所有内容(包括但不仅限文字、图片、LOGO、音频、视频、软件、程序等) 版权归原作者所有。任何单位或个人认为本网站中的内容可能涉嫌侵犯其知识产权或存在不实内容时，请及时通知本站，予以删除。
