最近，由于互联网企业纷纷转向产业互联网，加速深化改革，“供应链”这一名词也随之为广大群众所熟知。 数字化转型网（www.szhzxw.cn）
尤其是电商行业，动辄提什么供应链深度优化，智慧供应链管理平台等，令人不明觉厉。
事实上，供应链这一概念，在很早的时候就已经在我们制造业里有极大影响力了。
首先来看第一个问题，供应链是什么？
一、什么是供应链？
很多人以为，供应链就是物流，什么无人车送货，冷链的管控，前置仓后置仓的仓储设计，把外卖装到系统里等，都是供应链。 数字化转型网（www.szhzxw.cn）
这当然没错，但不够完整。
概念来看，其实也很好理解。供应链就是一个网络结构，甭管是新零售还是旧零售，凡是跟交易流程相关的，都可以算作供应链的一环。
广义来说，从大地母亲到消费者手里或肚子里，这整个过程，都可以算作是供应链。
搞清楚了这个，我们就不难理解为什么前面说供应链首先在制造业里影响巨大，以及产业互联网上来之后，核心重点直接就放在了供应链上。
二、国内供应链有很牛的成功案例吗？
前段时间公司组织我们这批工程师内部学习，重点学习近几年国家对制造业的发展方向和战略指导。
期间，我特意留意了一下这条发言。 数字化转型网（www.szhzxw.cn）
中国物流与采购联合会副会长蔡进表示，推动制造业的高质量发展有两个抓手：
- 一是先进的制造业和现代服务业的深度融合；
- 二是促进制造业的新技术、新组织模式和核心产业集群的成长与发展。
这两个抓手中间的核心，就是供应链。产业之间的融合，必须通过供应链去实现。
刚毕业那会儿，我的工作是工艺工程师，重点负责装配。作为整条产业链的最后一道工序，我可以清晰感受到在装配之前的一切工序，他们的效率、良率、工艺流程的先后顺序等，可以说每一环都非常琐碎细节，但每一环都有着很深的学问和改进空间。
由于身在其中，常常也会感慨，觉得虽然我们是世界工厂，但在具体的细节上这里或那里，依然有不尽如人意的地方。
但是，自2020年以来疫情黑天鹅降临后，面对这一场无差别全球大考，我们可以清晰地感受到中国供应链的抗压能力，也亲身感受了中国供应链的强大。
我国供应链网络的强大，不仅在于规模大、种类全、物流快，更在于很多供应商企业可以用较低的成本生产出高质量的零部件和半成品。 数字化转型网（www.szhzxw.cn）
疫情期间，市场波动、链条中断、成本上涨，不少制造企业感受到了来自供应链的压力。
但在业内许多人看来，之前3年的疫情如同一次对制造业的全面“体检”，可以更好意识到哪些环节薄弱，及时补齐短板，有利于在变局中抓住机遇。
我国拥有全球最完整的制造体系，在联合国公布的500余种主要工业产品中，220多种的产量位居世界第一，是众多制造业全球供应链的中心。
在一定程度上，中国供应链稳，则全球供应链稳。
此外，在前3年的疫情期间，人民银行五部门曾要求对相关行业以及有发展前景但暂遇困难的企业（特别是小微企业）不盲目抽贷、断贷、压贷；财政部加大对受疫情影响个人和企业的创业担保贷款贴息支持力度；工信部梳理了7000余家全球产业链核心配套中小企业，针对性提供精准帮助。国务院常务会议则特别提出，部署进一步提升我国国际航空货运能力，努力稳定供应链。
海陆空全面出动。
在全国人民的共同努力和政府的有效控制下，我国在极短的时间内就迅速展开全面复工工作。从商务部掌握的一万家重点外资企业的复工复产情况看，当年除了疫情特别严重的湖北地区外，全国六成的制造业重点外资企业复产率达到了70%以上，我当时所在的企业也正常开工。
充分展现出我国供应链的韧性。 数字化转型网（www.szhzxw.cn）
而在面向未来的角度来看，以人工智能和大数据为基础的前沿探索，则为我国供应链的长远发展提供了保障。
以京东为例，京东大数据研究院和清华大学中国经济社会数据研究中心联合发布的《数智化供应链的发展趋势和社会价值》，结合产业当下的技术情况，对供应链的未来做出了发展预测。
京东认为，有三大发展趋势将会主导未来供应链的变革，分别是：“数智化”供应链实现数字协同与网络智能，“全链路”供应链打通消费到生产各环节，以及 “社会化”供应链调动全渠道的社会化资源。
在采购分仓、系统轮循预约效率、备货偏差、运输成本、库存损益量化等诸多环节，京东的数智化供应链解决方案都提供了针对性改善和清晰决策。
面向未来，“数智化”供应链实现的数字协同与网络智能，将极大促进行业的生产力，在成本、效率体验等多个维度实现价值。 数字化转型网（www.szhzxw.cn）
如京东和美的开放协同案例，在后者的制造生产过程中，京东提供的智能预测、自动调拨、智能履约等“数智化”解决方案，实现了每人每月22小时的节省。且自动单比例完成了从10%至30%的提升。
关于此，之前举办的JDD大会主要内容的主题也就是“数智化社会供应链”这个概念，科技界、产业界、学术界、投资界的许多大佬的参与交流，分别从不同的角度，向我们大致描绘了中国供应链的数智化未来。
自创立之初，京东就凭借着自营和物流优势在电商行业立足，与流量导向相比，京东天然更倾向于通过供应链的改革来搭建起自己的竞争壁垒。
根据之前的相关财报显示，京东库存周转天数已降至34天，创下历史新低。这正是其过人供应链能力的量化表现。要知道，沃尔玛和亚马逊的库存周转天数均超过40天，而库存周转速度无疑是零售业最核心的指标之一。 数字化转型网（www.szhzxw.cn）
面向未来，京东集团的首席战略官廖建文也曾强调了京东新的战略定位：“作为以供应链为基础的技术与服务企业，京东将全面构建五位一体的数智化社会供应链，用数智化技术连接和优化社会生产、流通、服务的各个环节，降低社会成本、提高社会效率。”
相比之下，美国之前在疫情期间出现创纪录的2645万人申请失业救济，使2008年国际金融危机以来的新增就业数全部蒸发。
全球旅游业损失至少220亿美元。全球航运业每周损失约3.5亿美元。全球海运贸易量可能减少逾6亿吨，为35年来最大降幅。
疫情面前，我们每个人都是受害者，在同样的“命运共同体”里，没有谁能独善其身。
长期来看，全球化这一历史大势不会因疫情结束而终结，但其结构和内涵可能出现新的变化。
在一定程度上，之前3年的疫情已然在加速全球供应链重构，并推动全球制造格局调整。那么对于未来，企业该如何掌握与探索核心科技，并对供应链环节中的每一个细节的持续优化发展，则是我们能否真正抓住机遇的关键变量。 数字化转型网（www.szhzxw.cn）
翻译：
What is a supply chain? Is there a great success story in domestic supply chain?
Recently, as Internet companies have turned to the industrial Internet and accelerated the deepening of reform, the term “supply chain” has also become familiar to the general public.
Especially in the e-commerce industry, it is unclear what deep optimization of supply chain and intelligent supply chain management platform are often mentioned.
In fact, the concept of supply chain has had a great influence in our manufacturing industry since a very early time.
Let’s start with the first question, what is a supply chain?
What is supply chain?
Many people think that the supply chain is logistics, what unmanned vehicle delivery, the control of the cold chain, the storage design of the warehouse after the warehouse, the delivery into the system, etc., are all supply chains. 数字化转型网（www.szhzxw.cn）
This is certainly true, but not complete.
Conceptually, it’s actually pretty easy to understand. Supply chain is a network structure, no matter whether it is new retail or old retail, anything related to the transaction process can be counted as a part of the supply chain.
Broadly speaking, the whole process from Mother Earth to the consumer’s hand or stomach can be counted as a supply chain.
With this in mind, it is not difficult to understand why the supply chain first has a huge impact on the manufacturing industry, and after the industrial Internet comes up, the core focus is directly on the supply chain. 数字化转型网（www.szhzxw.cn）
Second, are there any successful cases in the domestic supply chain?
Some time ago, the company organized our group of engineers to study internally, focusing on the development direction and strategic guidance of the country for manufacturing industry in recent years.
In the meantime, I paid special attention to this statement.
CAI Jin, vice president of the China Federation of Logistics and Purchasing, said that there are two ways to promote the high-quality development of the manufacturing industry:
First, the deep integration of advanced manufacturing and modern service industries;
The second is to promote the growth and development of new technologies, new organizational models and core industrial clusters in the manufacturing industry.
The core between these two grippers is the supply chain. Integration between industries must be achieved through the supply chain.
When I first graduated, I worked as a process engineer, focusing on assembly. As the last process of the whole industrial chain, I can clearly feel all the processes before assembly, their efficiency, yield, process sequence, etc., it can be said that each link is very trivial details, but each link has deep knowledge and room for improvement. 数字化转型网（www.szhzxw.cn）
Because we are in it, we often feel that although we are the world’s factory, there are still unsatisfactory places in the specific details here or there.
However, after the advent of the epidemic black swan since 2020, in the face of this undifferentiated global test, we can clearly feel the resilience of China’s supply chain, and also personally feel the strength of China’s supply chain.
The strength of China’s supply chain network lies not only in its large scale, complete variety and fast logistics, but also in the fact that many supplier enterprises can produce high-quality parts and semi-finished products at a lower cost.
During the epidemic, market fluctuations, chain disruptions, and rising costs have made many manufacturing companies feel the pressure from the supply chain.
However, in the view of many people in the industry, the epidemic in the previous three years is like a comprehensive “physical examination” of the manufacturing industry, which can better realize what links are weak, and timely make up for shortcomings, which is conducive to seizing opportunities in the change. 数字化转型网（www.szhzxw.cn）
China has the world’s most complete manufacturing system, more than 500 major industrial products announced by the United Nations, more than 220 kinds of output ranks first in the world, is the center of many manufacturing global supply chains.
To a certain extent, if China’s supply chain is stable, the global supply chain is stable.
In addition, during the epidemic in the first three years, the five departments of the People’s Bank of China required that relevant industries and enterprises with development prospects but experiencing temporary difficulties (especially small and micro enterprises) not blindly withdraw loans, cut off loans, and pressure loans; The Ministry of Finance has increased support for discounted interest on start-up guaranteed loans for individuals and enterprises affected by the epidemic. The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology has sorted out more than 7,000 core supporting small and medium-sized enterprises in the global industrial chain to provide targeted and precise help. The executive meeting of The State Council specifically proposed to further enhance China’s international air cargo capacity and strive to stabilize the supply chain.
Air, sea and land in full force.
Under the joint efforts of the people of the whole country and the effective control of the government, our country has quickly launched a comprehensive resumption of work in a very short time. According to the information obtained by the Ministry of Commerce on the resumption of work and production of 10,000 key foreign-funded enterprises, in addition to Hubei Province, which was particularly affected by the epidemic, 60% of the key foreign-funded enterprises in the manufacturing industry in the country resumed production at a rate of more than 70%, and the enterprise where I worked at that time also started normal operation. 数字化转型网（www.szhzxw.cn）
It fully demonstrates the resilience of our supply chain.
From the perspective of the future, the frontier exploration based on artificial intelligence and big data provides a guarantee for the long-term development of China’s supply chain.
Taking Jingdong as an example, the “Development Trend and Social Value of digital intelligent supply Chain” jointly released by Jingdong Big Data Research Institute and China Economic and Social Data Research Center of Tsinghua University, combined with the current technical situation of the industry, makes a development forecast for the future of the supply chain.
Jingdong believes that there are three major trends that will dominate the future of supply chain change, namely: “digital intelligence” supply chain to achieve digital collaboration and network intelligence, “full link” supply chain to open up all aspects of consumption to production, and “social” supply chain to mobilize omni-channel social resources. 数字化转型网（www.szhzxw.cn）
In many aspects such as procurement division, system rotation reservation efficiency, stock deviation, transportation cost, inventory profit and loss quantification, Jingdong’s digital intelligent supply chain solutions provide targeted improvement and clear decision-making.
Facing the future, the digital collaboration and network intelligence achieved by the “digital intelligence” supply chain will greatly promote the productivity of the industry and realize value in multiple dimensions such as cost and efficiency experience.
For example, in the open collaboration case of Jingdong and the United States, in the latter’s manufacturing and production process, the intelligent prediction, automatic allocation, intelligent performance and other “digital intelligence” solutions provided by Jingdong have achieved a saving of 22 hours per person per month. And automatic single proportion to complete the increase from 10% to 30%.
In this regard, the main theme of the JDD conference held before is the concept of “digital intelligent social supply chain”, the participation of many big players in the science and technology industry, industry, academia, and investment circles, respectively from different angles, to us roughly describe the digital intelligent future of China’s supply chain. 数字化转型网（www.szhzxw.cn）
Since its inception, Jingdong has been based in the e-commerce industry by virtue of its own operation and logistics advantages. Compared with traffic orientation, Jingdong naturally prefers to build its own competition barriers through the reform of the supply chain.
According to previous reports, Jingdong inventory turnover days have dropped to 34 days, a record low. This is the quantitative performance of its superior supply chain capability. You know, Walmart and Amazon inventory turnover days are more than 40 days, and inventory turnover speed is undoubtedly one of the most core indicators of the retail industry.
Facing the future, Liao Jianwen, chief strategy officer of Jingdong Group, also emphasized Jingdong’s new strategic positioning: “As a technology and service enterprise based on supply chain, Jingdong will comprehensively build a five-in-one digital intelligent social supply chain, and use digital intelligent technology to connect and optimize all aspects of social production, circulation and service, reduce social costs and improve social efficiency.”
In contrast, a record 26.45 million people filed for unemployment benefits in the United States during the previous pandemic, wiping out all the job gains since the 2008 international financial crisis.
The global tourism industry lost at least $22 billion. The global shipping industry loses about $350 million a week. Global seaborne trade could fall by more than 600 million tonnes, the biggest drop in 35 years.
In the face of the epidemic, each of us is a victim, and in the same “community of common destiny”, no one can be immune. 数字化转型网（www.szhzxw.cn）
In the long run, the historical trend of globalization will not end with the end of the epidemic, but its structure and connotation may undergo new changes.
To a certain extent, the epidemic in the previous three years has accelerated the restructuring of global supply chains and promoted the adjustment of global manufacturing patterns. For the future, how to master and explore the core technology, and the continuous optimization and development of every detail in the supply chain is the key variable whether we can truly seize the opportunity.
本文由数字化转型网（www.szhzxw.cn）转载而成，来源于有颜有货；编辑/翻译：数字化转型网宁檬树。
免责声明: 本网站(http://www.szhzxw.cn/)内容主要来自原创、合作媒体供稿和第三方投稿，凡在本网站出现的信息，均仅供参考。本网站将尽力确保所提供信息的准确性及可靠性，但不保证有关资料的准确性及可靠性，读者在使用前请进一步核实，并对任何自主决定的行为负责。本网站对有关资料所引致的错误、不确或遗漏，概不负任何法律责任。
本网站刊载的所有内容(包括但不仅限文字、图片、LOGO、音频、视频、软件、程序等) 版权归原作者所有。任何单位或个人认为本网站中的内容可能涉嫌侵犯其知识产权或存在不实内容时，请及时通知本站，予以删除。
