编者按：本文先介绍了两个方向上的央企数科公司，重点是企业信息化领域关注的内部建设方向上的数科公司及重要性，后边简单谈了央企数科公司的数量等行业所关注的内容。
在去年的年初写过《98家央企集团总部信息化部门设置概览》后（2023年一年有部分变化），有朋友提议我写写央企数科公司，但考虑到央企数科公司涉及的内容非常非常多，不容易写，就一直没有动笔。大概从几个月前开始，网上陆续有了一些关于央企数科公司的文章，但发现其中部分文章的较多内容不甚准确，一定程度上加剧了信息不对称，所以准备也写一些相关内容，本次先简单谈谈基本情况。
数科概念涵盖的内容是很多的，开始我还在纠结怎样引用权威的定义好展开内容，但看到网上关于央企数科公司的文章基本都是把数科公司等同于软件公司，并且更多是指央企集团内部做信息化的软件公司，这样就好办一些了，虽然很多领域都需要软件，软件公司可以做的内容很多，可以做软件的公司也很多。那么本文主要以央企集团内的软件公司为主介绍，以下数科公司同软件公司。
央企主要有两个方向的数科公司，即：主业方向的和内部建设方向的。先简要谈谈主业方向上的数科公司，现在信息技术或者数字技术无处不在，各行各业使用软件实现业务和管理，使用软件控制设备，已然是常规情况，企业在生产经营时，软件可以是其产品或服务的一部分，而企业自身的生产和管理也会使用各种软件。以央企在国民经济中的重要位置，无论从国家战略和行业的需要，还是自身业务的需要，央企开展主业时，数字科技本身往往就是主业不可或缺的重要组成部分，并且在现代，很多领域如果缺少了数字科技的支持，就会出现巨大的短板。由此，央企中很多数科公司开发的软件和提供的服务本身就是主业的一部分，数科公司就是主业的一部分。 数字化转型网（www.szhzxw.cn）
例如23年12月刚成立的中机数科（北京）信息技术有限公司，是中国机械科学研究总院集团有限公司（目前央企序列59）的数科公司，中机数科主攻高水平工业软件，为中机集团全面发力工业母机与工业软件提供支撑；例如也是23年，在8月刚成立的国机数字科技有限公司，是中国机械工业集团有限公司（目前央企序列31）的数科公司，在行业方面承担了“农机云”、“机械装备行业云”的建设任务，也在建设“全国农机作业指挥调度平台”，此外，国机数科也与法国达索公司合作，双方共同推进工业软件产品研发与市场拓展；再例如行业内熟知的宝信软件，是中国宝武钢铁集团有限公司（目前央企序列35）的老牌数科公司（1996年成立），开发有多基地制造协同MES、钢铁行业APS、工序一贯质量管理、工厂运营与辅助决策、集控中心、数字钢卷、移动操检、自动出钢、无人化行车、工业机器人等软件和设备，覆盖钢铁企业的铁区、炼钢、热轧、中厚板、棒线、型钢、冷轧、钢管及特钢等全产线全流程；还例如国家电网有限公司（目前央企序列15）所属的国电南瑞科技股份有限公司，是以能源电力智能化为核心的能源互联网整体解决方案提供商，在电网自动化及工业控制、继电保护及柔性输电、电力自动化信息通信、发电及水利环保四大业务板块上提供软硬件产品；以及中国广核集团有限公司（目前央企序列91）所属的中广核数字科技有限公司，是由此前的上海中广核工程科技有限公司改名的数科公司，面向核电领域提供端到端、全生命周期的数字化仪控系统解决方案。以上这些央企数科公司就是央企主业的一部分，这类数科公司数量非常多。
然后重点谈谈央企内部建设方向上的数科公司，这也是企业信息化行业更为关注的内容，这类数科公司开始时首要的职能是支撑央企集团自身的信息化建设工作，所以很多就是从信息化部门发展起来的，以至于现在仍有数科公司同时挂名信息中心，例如中国航空工业集团有限公司（目前央企序列4）所属的金航数码科技有限责任公司（2000年12月在北京人民大会堂成立），目前仍然同时挂名航空工业信息技术中心。
又例如中国第一汽车集团有限公司（目前央企序列28）所属的老牌数科公司启明信息技术股份有限公司，前身为1980年组建的中国第一汽车集团公司电子计算处（中国的会计电算化始于此，中国的企业信息化也始于此）。也有为了集团大规模信息化建设和应用成立的数科公司，例如中国石油化工集团有限公司（目前央企序列12）所属的石化盈科信息技术有限责任公司，就是伴随着2001年11月中石化集团启动的SAP ERP建设项目于2002年成立的。
内部方向上的数科公司对大型集团企业，特别对央企是非常重要的，原因主要有以下三点：
第一，央企集团总部从2019年第四季度开始推进“去机关化”专项工作，总部职能定位更加清晰，人员更加精简，包括信息化部门在内，集团总部各部门人员都不多，日常承上启下的工作就很繁忙，如果要开展信息化建设项目，仅从人员数量上就不够，特别是一些集团统一建设的信息化项目，规模很大，复杂度很高，需要较多各领域的专业人员与外部厂商一起开展大量具体的工作，但总部的职能定位和人员编制都有相关要求，那么成立数科公司，可以按需配置人力资源，承接集团总部的工作任务。数科公司，首先解决了需要有人办事的问题。 数字化转型网（www.szhzxw.cn）
第二，解决工作多和费用高的问题，大型集团企业统建系统和子企业自建系统一般都较多，业务和系统复杂、用户数量大，仅日常的常规运维工作就很繁重，且涉及基础设施、应用软件、数据、安全等多个细分领域，一部分工作可以采购外部服务，但仍然有大量企业自己的工作需要有自己的人处理，至少管理多个IT供应商就需要企业在相应领域有自己专业的人员。如果是系统建设项目，那么在预研立项、规划设计、选型采购、实施开发、上线支持、验收结项、升级优化等方面都需要有专业人员开展工作，一部分自己做，一部分由外部厂商做，依各集团数科公司的定位不同，大部分项目都是数科公司以企业信息化部门的角色与厂商合作，由专业的外部厂商提供产品和服务交付项目的，此时，也仍然需要各领域有相应的人员与厂商一起工作。总的来说，工作非常多，企业不仅要人办事，更需要有较为匹配的人员专业和规模才行，而很多内容，不仅是对企业熟悉和安全等问题，是甲方立场的问题，相应领域需要有企业自有的人员担负起责任。此外，对成本中心型的数科公司，因为没有利润因素，所以一般情况下人员费用比采购外部服务要低，所以合理配置一部分自有人员可以解决费用高的问题。
第三，数科公司是责权利清晰的单位，在有数科公司的情况下，集团采购软硬件产品和服务，在集团内部管理制度下，无论是总部直接招标采购，还是交由数科公司代表集团招标采购且总部监管，工作机制都是顺畅的。而集团统建系统向子企业的费用分摊（如集团总部与外部供应商的“统谈分签”），由数科公司承办也是顺畅的；作为集团专设的数科公司，集团内其他企业采购数科公司的产品或者服务也是顺畅的。特别是集团统建系统，项目本身往往都承载了集团总部的管理意图，如果不是责权利清晰的一家子企业开展工作，子企业之间的位置是相同的，也有各自的立场和情况，其他子企业的理解和接受程度可能有影响，而专设的数科公司则可以较好推动此类工作。
以上三点，其实只有第一点更具央企属性，二和三对集团企业可能都适用。其实还有更多因素，限于篇幅本问先不展开更多，部分相关内容也可以参见我此前写的两篇文章，《企业信息化部门须把三种能力做实》和《大型企业信息部拥有自主系统应用能力的重要性》。
以上是两个方向上的数科公司，两个方向也有彼此兼职的时候，例如主业方向上的数科公司有一个部门或者一些团队承担集团内部的信息化建设工作，也有内部建设方向的数科公司支持一部分业务工作或者对外输出一些能力。例如军工央企中国航天科工集团有限公司（目前央企序列3）所属第三研究院304研究所，是中国航天科工应用数学研究中心、管理信息化技术分中心、智慧企业专业技术分中心、飞航软件评测中心、质量与可靠性信息中心、智慧管网（廊）工程技术中心，其军贸产品乘客识别系统市场占有率全球第一，304所也承担集团和三院的信息化工作，软件事业部就参与了航天科工集团司库项目的资金监控系统的建设。 数字化转型网（www.szhzxw.cn）
上边介绍的国机数科公司也承担了集团的内部信息化建设任务，例如建设国机集团的一体化管控平台等项目；宝信软件也承担了宝武集团司库系统的建设工作。
而一部分央企数科公司经过多年的发展，在服务集团内部信息化建设的过程中，也逐步发展为综合性数科公司，并根据各集团对数科公司的定位对外开展了较多的业务，部分企业也成长为行业领先的数科公司（这或许也说明信息化厂商需要一定程度的行业化，即需要熟悉一些行业的业务才能更好的交付）。例如中国中化控股有限责任公司（目前央企序列42）所属的中化信息技术有限公司，在化工领域有着较强的业务能力；
例如中国石油天然气集团有限公司（目前央企序列11）所属的昆仑数智科技有限责任公司，在油气行业有着较强的业务能力，也开展了诸如阿尔及利亚国家石油公司、尼日利亚石油管理局、阿联酋阿布扎比国家石油公司等海外的数字化业务；再例如华润（集团）有限公司（目前央企序列51）所属的华润数科控股有限公司，华润是典型的多业态集团企业（大消费、综合能源、城市建设运营、大健康、产业金融、科技及新兴产业），企业信息化行业也经常引用华润作为多业态信息化复杂性的典型案例，其中科技也是华润的主业之一，华润数科则是华润重点培育的数字科技业务单元（首先是主业方向上的数科公司），同时也是华润集团的数字化基础设施建设与运营单位、华润产业数字化的核心支撑和数字产业化的主体平台。
关于企业数科公司或者企业自有系统和能力的对外输出，大致逻辑是如果有能力输出，并且市场上有用户愿意采购，就可以尝试形成业务，这一点与央企数科属性也没有直接关系，只是一个比较直观的结果，例如：字节跳动的飞书、网易的轻舟低代码、腾讯的轻联集成平台、华为的慧通商旅服务（华为后续应该也会对外输出MetaERP，相关内容可参见本公众号《从直观逻辑简单谈谈华为自研ERP系统具有的5个优势》）、中兴的财务共享等都在广泛面向企业用户开展业务，还有美的集团的美云智数、海尔的卡奥斯等，如果企业在自己建设的过程中形成了比较好的软硬件和服务就可以考虑对外输出，关键是产品要好，要有市场价值。 数字化转型网（www.szhzxw.cn）
这里也稍微谈谈集团企业（不限于央企）对内部建设方向上数科公司的定位，这次先简要谈一下利润或成本中心的问题。如果是成本中心，重点就是支撑好集团总部和集团所属企业的信息化建设工作。如果是利润中心，意味着对外输出能力形成业务，企业信息化领域竞争异常激烈，各个细分领域都有若干厂商参与市场，虽然中国的市场非常大，总可以形成一定数量的业务，但能否形成长期可发展性的、能够带来较好利润的业务则依赖于更多的因素。并且，做项目与做产品两件事差异巨大，产品需要适应更多的用户，做产品的前期投入非常大且未来充满未知数，尽管不少产品来自于项目，但应充分理解做产品需要应对的更多挑战。于是，在让数科公司成为利润中心前，可能需要评估好数科公司是否需要、是否可以形成产品和业务？如果不太具备条件，又让数科公司扛起经营业绩压力，可能发展不及预期，同时也会影响到对内的服务；如果具备条件，那么需要集团做好前期的高额投入。
再简单谈谈网上部分文章中不准确的一些内容，首先是央企数科公司的数量，网上广泛传播的一些表格中，几乎为每一家央企都写了一家数科公司，还有部分央企没有写，所以数量不足97家，并且基本都是被认为是内部建设型的数科公司。而在2023年的4月份，来自国务院国资委官网的信息，“为加快数字新兴产业培育，布局新一代信息技术、人工智能等战略性新兴产业，中央企业已成立了近500家数字科技类公司，加快产业新旧更迭和动能转换”，加上23年后来成立的，所以央企数科公司数量是500家左右，并且这个数量依赖于对数科概念范围的界定，如果宽泛一些，数量可能更多。其中，主业方向的数科公司数量远超内部建设方向的数科公司，因为每家集团拥有一家或者几家内部建设型的数科公司就够用了，更多的数科公司都是在央企主业上。500这个数量相比央企整体的企业数量而言是很少的，而随着数字化转型，应该会有更多的数字科技单位充实和整合到央企的主业中。
同时，部分网上文章对央企数科公司的认定有的也是不准确的，如本文开始提到的，这些文章基本把央企数科公司等同于从事内部信息化建设的IT公司，或者就是当做企业信息化领域的企业，但实际上多数并不是。例如中国电子信息产业集团有限公司（目前央企序列27），中国电子是以网络安全和信息化事业为核心主业的央企，着力发展计算产业、集成电路、网络安全、数据应用、高新电子等重点业务，所属企业中名称中直接包括软件两个字的就有中国软件与技术服务股份有限公司、中电金信软件有限公司等，在大的数字科技概念下，中国电子整个集团本身就是数科公司。那么网上文章给中国电子集团认定的数科公司是23年4月新成立的中国电子数据产业有限公司，这是央企中第一家数据产业公司，该公司围绕投资、建设和运营以数字部委、数字政府、数字央企为重点内容的数字平台，以数据安全与数据要素化新型基础设施为重要支撑的数据平台展开布局，可见，该公司其实是中国电子主业上的业务类企业。同样，对中国电子科技集团有限公司（目前央企序列8）也有类似的情况。
所以网上关于央企的部分内容，一则没有充分的调研和分析（例如上述信息，从相关企业的官网等公开渠道就可以获得），同时很多也没有央企参与，例如日常也看到一些厂商或者机构输出的央企数字化或者相关领域的各种白皮书或者报告等资料，其中有些内容看着就比较纠结，一看参编单位中只有厂商，没有央企的参与，而且往往厂商覆盖度也不够，甚至欠缺部分头部厂商，让相关资料的权威性打了折扣。虽然厂商和第三方机构的视角也很重要，但相关内容让当事方把把关更好，如果信息不准确和不对称，就可能出现一些过度解读或者误读的情况。
包括最近部分文章提到了内部建设方向的央企数科公司对企业信息化行业的影响，其实没有什么大的影响，一则，一些央企数科公司成立较早，一直都在市场中，而此前几乎没有看到提及这类央企数科公司对其他软件厂商产生市场压力的内容，而新成立或者新发力的数科公司大部分都在央企主业方向上，并不在企业信息化领域。关键是，在中国企业信息化领域这个充分竞争的市场，厂商希望占据更大的市场份额甚至垄断都很难，甚至也是不需要的，这么大的市场，努力做到中上水平，就可以获得较好的市场份额和经营业绩了。 数字化转型网（www.szhzxw.cn）
举例来说，近期网上在谈及央企数科公司时又关注到华润数科中标了茅台公司的信息化项目，该项目是2023年贵州茅台酒股份有限公司的一个大型信息化项目，建设内容都是常规的，因为同期开展的子项目比较多，且茅台公司的规模比较大，所以项目的规模也比较大。事实上茅台公司这个项目共分为9个标段，华润数科只是中标了其中的系统集成标段，而项目的主体，例如人力资源、资产管理、全业务报账系统、电子影像系统、电子会计档案管理系统、商旅系统则是浪潮中标，财务核算、预算、税务、资金管理是用友中标，财务板块落地实施指导服务是中兴新云中标，华润数科只是参建厂商之一。而且本身因为同时较多个异构系统集成，系统集成标段要为茅台公司定制开发业财中台、ESB、BPM平台，以及完成集成实施和PMO项目管理，工作内容很多，所以这个标段三家厂商的报价也都比较高（详见本公众号《1.29亿元的超大型企业信息化项目之贵州茅台酒业财一体化项目》），毕竟项目复杂，工作量也很大。
那么再看看其他央企数科公司的情况，例如中国电科集团下太极股份所属的北京慧点科技有限公司，也是多年的成熟OA厂商之一（同时也有另外的多条产品线），有很多重量级客户，但市场上很多人知道的OA厂商是泛微、致远、蓝凌。
例如国家电网控股的远光软件股份有限公司也是成立很早的企业信息化领域的优秀厂商，拥有包括ERP在内的多条产品线，能源电力等行业是其优势业务域，交付了很多大型复杂项目，但市场上很多人知道的国产ERP厂商主要还是用友、金蝶、浪潮。
再例如，在系统集成时很常用的主数据管理系统，石化盈科、昆仑数智都有主数据管理软件产品，但市场上有着超过50家的软件厂商提供主数据管理软件产品（详见本公众号《目前最全的主数据管理软件厂商清单》）。还例如全部央企都已建设的司库信息系统，承建的软件厂商中只有少量是央企数科公司，其他各厂商按用户需求和厂商市场表现获得了相应的项目（详见本公众号《98家央企司库主要软件供应商概览（更新）》）。综上，部分内部建设方向上的央企数科公司也是企业信息化领域的重要厂商，但在充分竞争的企业信息化行业中，央企数科公司与大量其他厂商一起都是市场上重要的参与者，包括用友、金蝶、浪潮这些规模更大且市场份额领先的厂商，也并没有固化相关领域的市场，一些成立多年的央企数科公司，和最近几年新增的央企数科公司与其他时不时新出现的厂商一起，也都远不会对市场产生需要令人焦虑压力，国内企业信息化市场足够大，竞争也足够激烈。平常心看待央企数科公司，作为数科公司，央企数科公司与行业内大量厂商并无二致，都是要靠产品和服务体现价值的，特别是以对内建设为主的数科公司，往往就是独立的加强版的信息部。 数字化转型网（www.szhzxw.cn）
一些厂商则是认为央企数科公司是重要的合作伙伴，并以建立合作的央企数科公司数量作为体现自身实力的一面，用友日常就会对此类合作进行宣传，例如2023年8月18日用友与10家各类数科公司签约的活动（用友已与300多家数科公司对接开展工作），用友表示与数科伙伴资源共享、联合共创，在多行业领域强强联手。具体的，用友与中国电子所属中国振华电子集团有限公司的研究院合作，振华研究院自研的LIMS产品与用友ISV建立了生态关系；再例如北京久其软件股份有限公司与中国国新控股有限责任公司（目前央企序列第96）合资成立了国新久其数字科技（北京）有限公司，布局金融科技，服务实体经济，专注于供应链金融共享服务相关业务，国新集团持股51%，久其持股49%；还例如久其与中国铁道建筑集团有限公司（目前央企序列第73）合资成立了北京久其金建科技有限公司，久其持股51%，中国铁建持股25%，主要面向建筑/地产企业提供智能财务、项目管理、智慧工地、大数据和生产运营管理等软硬件产品和解决方案，承建了若干大型建筑集团企业的大规模信息化项目。合作强调彼此价值和共赢，有实力的厂商会认为与央企数科公司的合作是切入行业或者大客户的好方式，非但不是市场压力，而是机会。
最后再简单谈谈信息化项目的总包总集，其实这个内容与央企数科公司更无直接的关系，只是行业的部分关注点认为数科公司的存在压缩了厂商们的利润空间，所以再稍作探讨。诸如总分包、总集成等业务开展和项目执行方式广泛存在于包括建筑施工等各行各业，在信息化领域，也是各类厂商或者用户开展工作的方式之一，行业内有很多总集成商角色的厂商，总集成商自己做一部分，其他部分找对应的专业厂商做，包括数科公司对接的也有外部集成商，都以项目需求而定，有的需要直接由原厂交付，有的则需要由总集成商一体化完整交付。
具体到数科公司承担的集团信息建设项目，有的是集团总部招标采购，然后由数科公司与厂商对接交付项目，数科公司主要承担甲方项目管理和相关支撑的工作，例如与厂商对接甲方基础设施和各系统的情况，为厂商部署系统开通计算和网络资源，配置安全策略，组织相关厂商做系统集成，组织与用户部门对接需求，跟踪和协调甲乙多方解决问题等，此时数科公司因派出技术和管理人员产生的人工费用与集团总部结算，与厂商无关。还有就是集团总部委托数科公司招标采购，集团总部会对选型和采购工作进行监督，但仍由厂商直接交付，过程类似。
对由数科公司全面承建的项目，例如总包项目，其中一部分工作由数科公司完成，另外一部分由若干厂商完成，那么数科公司自有产品和服务部分的报价仍会受集团相关要求的管理，虽然是集团内部业务，但毕竟是独立的法人主体，所以仍然有实质的资金支付，对集团总部和集团其他企业来说，都是实际的支付，既然是实际的资金支付，总部和各企业就会按采购管理制度执行，与市场价格范围不相符的报价是不能被认可的。即数科公司对内向集团总部和集团其他企业开展业务，也只能是合理的价格范围，并且还面临着集团内部的各种考核。 数字化转型网（www.szhzxw.cn）
那么数科公司与供应商的关系，其实就是客观的甲方乙方关系，无论是不是央企数科公司，对各类用户和厂商都是一样的。总的来说，甲方要专业，可以有效把握需求，可以选择到符合要求的乙方，可以按市场价格制定项目预算，一分价钱一分货，用合理的价格才能获得相应靠谱的产品和服务质量；乙方要专业，有靠谱的产品和服务，可以有效交付项目让客户获得价值，不要为难自己以低价获得项目但很难交付，有战略有取舍，觉得不划算的项目不做，以自己应有的价值持续发展。
即合作是相互的，数科公司的目标是向集团交付项目，一定意义上讲，数科公司压力更大，如果数科公司没有选择到合适的供应商，没有按合理价格采购，低价产品和服务的效果也不高，最终影响的是交付，相当于花钱没有办成事，乙方可以一走了之，但数科公司很难向集团交代，所以需要甲乙方都要专业。在实际中，确实有部分各类企业数科公司不专业导致的失败项目，也有部分不专业厂商无法交付的项目，但不是行业主流情况，大部分项目都是在甲乙方合作下有了合理的成果，所以才会一直有大量各类信息化项目，才会有各类厂商持续获得的项目。
以上是本次希望交流的内容，原计划简单谈谈的，但正如此前的纠结，央企数科公司的相关内容非常多，本文虽然一部分是央企数科公司的实际情况，一部分则与央企数科公司无关，但简单写写就近9000字了。本文相关内容来自于各方公开的信息，全文仅是我个人的观点，用于工作交流和探讨，不代表各方立场。
翻译：
Briefly talk about the real situation of the central enterprises number of companies
Editor’s note: This article first introduces the central enterprises in two directions, focusing on the internal construction direction of the enterprise information field and the importance of the company, and then briefly talks about the number of central enterprises and other industries concerned about the content.
At the beginning of last year, after writing an Overview of the information Department Setup of 98 Central Enterprise Group Headquarters (there will be some changes in 2023), a friend proposed that I write about the central enterprise Number section company, but considering that the central enterprise number section company involves very, very much content, it is not easy to write, and I have not started. Probably from a few months ago, there have been some articles on the Internet about the number of central enterprises, but found that some of the more content of the article is not very accurate, to a certain extent intensified the information asymmetry, so prepare to write some relevant content, this time briefly talk about the basic situation.
The concept of digital science covers a lot of content. At first, I was still struggling with how to use authoritative definitions to expand the content. However, when I saw online articles about central enterprise digital science companies, they basically equated digital science companies with software companies, and more often referred to software companies doing information technology within central enterprise groups, which made it easier to handle. There are a lot of things that software companies can do, and there are a lot of companies that can do software. Then this paper mainly introduces the software companies in the central enterprise group, and the following companies are the same as software companies. 数字化转型网（www.szhzxw.cn）
Central enterprises mainly have two directions of the number of companies, namely: the main business direction and the direction of internal construction. First, briefly talk about the main business direction of the company, now information technology or digital technology is everywhere, all walks of life to use software to achieve business and management, the use of software to control equipment, has become a routine situation, in the production and operation of enterprises, software can be part of its products or services, and the enterprise’s own production and management will also use a variety of software. With the important position of central enterprises in the national economy, whether from the needs of national strategy and industry, or the needs of their own business, when central enterprises carry out the main business, digital technology itself is often an indispensable part of the main business, and in modern times, if the lack of digital technology support in many fields, there will be huge shortcomings. As a result, most of the software and services developed by companies in central enterprises are themselves part of the main business, and the number of companies is part of the main business.
For example, CMCC (Beijing) Information Technology Co., LTD., established in December, 23, is a digital science company of China Mechanical Research Institute Group Co., LTD. (currently 59 central enterprises). CMCC mainly focuses on high-level industrial software, providing support for CMCC to fully develop industrial machines and industrial software. For example, in August also 23 years, just established in the national Machinery Digital Technology Co., LTD., is the China Machinery Industry Group Co., LTD. (currently 31 central enterprises) of the number of companies, in the industry to undertake the “agricultural machinery cloud”, “machinery and equipment industry cloud” construction tasks, is also building the “national agricultural machinery operation command and dispatch platform”, in addition, The company also cooperates with Dassault in France to promote the development and market expansion of industrial software products. For example, Baoxin software, which is well known in the industry, is an old number science company (established in 1996) of China Baowu Iron and Steel Group Co., LTD. (currently 35 central enterprises). Developed multi-base manufacturing collaborative MES, steel industry APS, process consistent quality management, factory operation and auxiliary decision-making, centralized control center, digital steel coil, mobile operation and inspection, automatic steel production, unmanned driving, industrial robots and other software and equipment, Covering the entire production line of iron and steel enterprises, such as iron area, steelmaking, hot rolling, medium and thick plate, bar line, shape steel, cold rolling, steel pipe and special steel; For example, Guodian Nanrui Technology Co., LTD., a subsidiary of State Grid Co., LTD. (currently 15 central enterprises), is an overall energy Internet solution provider with energy and power intelligence as the core, providing hardware and software products in the four business segments of power grid automation and industrial control, relay protection and flexible transmission, power automation information and communication, power generation and water conservancy and environmental protection; CGN Digital Technology Co., LTD., a subsidiary of China General Nuclear Power Group Co., LTD. (currently the central enterprise series 91), is a digital science company renamed from the former Shanghai CGN Engineering Technology Co., LTD., providing end-to-end, full-life cycle digital instrument control system solutions for the nuclear power field. The above central enterprises are part of the main business of the central enterprises, and the number of such companies is very large. 数字化转型网（www.szhzxw.cn）
Then focus on the internal construction of the central enterprises in the direction of digital companies, which is also the enterprise information industry more concerned about the content, this kind of digital companies at the beginning of the primary function is to support the central enterprise group’s own information construction work, so many are developed from the information department, so that there are still a number of companies at the same time acting as information centers. For example, Golden Air Digital Technology Co., LTD. (established in the Great Hall of the People in Beijing in December 2000), which is part of the Aviation Industry Corporation of China (currently the fourth central enterprise series), is still also named the Aviation Industry Information Technology Center.
Another example is Qiming Information Technology Co., LTD., an old digital science company belonging to China FAW Group Co., LTD. (currently 28 central enterprises), which was formerly the Electronic Computing Department of China FAW Group Corporation established in 1980 (China’s accounting computerization began here, and China’s enterprise informatization also began here). There are also several science companies established for large-scale informatization construction and application of the group, such as Sinopec Yingke Information Technology Co., LTD., a subsidiary of China Petroleum and Chemical Corporation (currently 12 central enterprises), was established in 2002 along with the SAP ERP construction project initiated by Sinopec Group in November 2001.
The number of companies in the internal direction is very important to large group enterprises, especially to central enterprises, for the following three reasons:
First, the central enterprise group headquarters began to promote the “de-institutionalization” special work from the fourth quarter of 2019, the functional positioning of the headquarters is clearer, the personnel is more streamlined, including the information department, the staff of all departments of the group headquarters are not many, and the daily work is very busy. If you want to carry out information construction projects, only the number of personnel is not enough. In particular, some group unified construction of information projects, large scale, high complexity, need more professionals in various fields to work with external manufacturers to carry out a lot of specific work, but the functional positioning and staffing of the headquarters have relevant requirements, then the establishment of a company can allocate human resources as needed, to undertake the work of the group headquarters. The company first solved the problem of needing someone to do something.
Second, to solve the problem of excessive work and high cost, large group enterprises generally have more unified construction systems and sub-enterprise self-built systems, complex business and system, large number of users, only the daily routine operation and maintenance work is very heavy, and involves infrastructure, application software, data, security and other subdivisions, part of the work can be purchased external services. But there are still plenty of businesses that need their own people to handle their own work, and at least managing multiple IT vendors requires companies to have their own professionals in the appropriate areas. If it is a system construction project, then in the pre-research project, planning and design, selection and procurement, implementation and development, on-line support, acceptance of the final item, upgrading and optimization, etc., professional personnel are required to carry out work, some of them are done by themselves, and some are done by external manufacturers, depending on the different positioning of various group companies. Most of the projects are cooperates with manufacturers in the role of enterprise information department, and products and service delivery projects are provided by professional external manufacturers. At this time, appropriate personnel in various fields are still needed to work with manufacturers. In general, there is a lot of work, the enterprise not only needs people to do things, but also needs to have more matching personnel professional and scale, and a lot of content, not only familiar with the enterprise and security issues, is the position of Party A, the corresponding field needs to have its own personnel to take responsibility. In addition, for the cost center type digital branch company, because there is no profit factor, the personnel cost is generally lower than the procurement of external services, so the reasonable allocation of some of their own personnel can solve the problem of high costs.
Third, Suke is a unit with clear responsibilities and rights. Under the internal management system of Suke, the working mechanism of the Group’s procurement of hardware and software products and services is smooth, whether it is the direct bidding and procurement by the headquarters or the bidding and procurement by Suke on behalf of the Group and supervision by the headquarters. The cost sharing of the group’s unified construction system to the subsidiary enterprises (such as the “unified negotiation and subsigning” between the group headquarters and external suppliers) is also smooth by the company; As a dedicated digital company of the Group, it is also smooth for other enterprises in the group to purchase digital products or services of the company. In particular, the group unified construction system, the project itself often carries the management intention of the group headquarters, if it is not a subsidiary with clear responsibilities and rights to carry out the work, the position of the sub-enterprises is the same, but also has their own positions and situations, the understanding and acceptance of other sub-enterprises may have an impact, and the company can better promote such work.
The above three points, in fact, only the first point is more central enterprise attributes, two and three may be applicable to group enterprises. In fact, there are more factors, limited to the length of this question will not expand more, part of the relevant content can also be referred to the two articles I wrote before, “Enterprise information department must implement the three capabilities” and “The importance of large enterprise information Department to have autonomous system application capabilities”.
The above are the two directions of the digital science company, the two directions also have each other part-time, for example, the main direction of the digital science company has a department or some teams to undertake the group’s internal information construction work, and there are internal construction direction of the digital science company to support part of the business work or export some capabilities. For example, the 304 Research Institute of the Third Research Institute of China Aerospace Science and Industry Group Co., LTD. (currently the central enterprise sequence 3) is the Research Center of Applied Mathematics of China Aerospace Science and Industry, the Management information Technology branch center, the smart enterprise professional technology branch center, the aviation software evaluation center, the quality and reliability information center, and the smart pipe network (corridor) engineering technology center. Its military trade products passenger identification system market share first in the world, 304 institute also undertakes the information work of the group and the three hospitals, and the software division participates in the construction of the fund monitoring system of the treasurer project of Aerospace Science and Industry Group.
The company introduced above also undertook the internal information construction tasks of the group, such as the construction of the integrated management and control platform of the Group; Baoxin Software also undertook the construction of Baowu Group’s treasurer system.
After years of development, some central enterprises have gradually developed into comprehensive digital companies in the process of serving the internal informatization construction of the group, and carried out more business according to the positioning of each group’s digital companies, and some enterprises have also grown into leading digital companies in the industry (this may also indicate that information manufacturers need a certain degree of industrialization. You need to be familiar with the business of some industries in order to better deliver). For example, Sinochem Information Technology Co., LTD., a subsidiary of Sinochem Holdings Co., LTD. (currently 42 state-owned enterprises), has strong business capabilities in the chemical industry. 数字化转型网（www.szhzxw.cn）
For example, Kunlun Suzhi Technology Co., LTD., a subsidiary of China National Petroleum Corporation (currently 11 central enterprises), has strong business capabilities in the oil and gas industry, and also carries out overseas digital businesses such as Algeria National Oil Company, Nigeria Petroleum Authority, and ABU Dhabi National Oil Company of the United Arab Emirates. Another example is China Resources Digital Holdings Co., LTD., a subsidiary of China Resources (Group) Co., LTD. (currently 51 central enterprises). China Resources is a typical multi-format group enterprise (large consumption, comprehensive energy, urban construction and operation, large health, industrial finance, technology and emerging industries). Among them, science and technology is also one of the main businesses of China Resources, and China Resources Digital is a digital technology business unit that China Resources focuses on cultivating (first of all, it is a digital science company in the direction of the main business), and is also the digital infrastructure construction and operation unit of China Resources Group, the core support of China Resources industrial digitalization and the main platform of digital industrialization.
Regarding the external output of the enterprise or its own systems and capabilities, the general logic is that if it has the ability to output, and there are users on the market willing to purchase, it can try to form a business, which is not directly related to the attributes of the central enterprises, but is just a more intuitive result, such as: Bytedance’s Flybook, NetEase’s Xiaozhou Low code, Tencent’s Light Link integration platform, Huawei’s Hui Tong business travel service (Huawei should also export MetaERP in the future, related content can be seen in this public account “From the intuitive logic to simply talk about the 5 advantages of Huawei’s self-developed ERP system”), ZTE’s financial sharing, etc., are widely used to carry out business for enterprise users. There are also the United States cloud intelligence of the United States Group, Haier’s Kaos, etc., if the enterprise has formed a better hardware and software and services in the process of its own construction, it can consider external output, and the key is that the product is better and has market value.
Here also a little talk about the group enterprises (not limited to central enterprises) on the internal construction direction of the company’s positioning, this time briefly talk about the profit or cost center. If it is a cost center, the focus is to support the information construction work of the group headquarters and the group’s affiliated enterprises. If it is a profit center, it means that the export ability forms a business. The competition in the field of enterprise informatization is extremely fierce, and several manufacturers participate in the market in each segment. Although China’s market is very large, a certain number of businesses can always be formed, but whether the long-term development of businesses that can bring good profits depends on more factors. In addition, there is a huge difference between doing projects and doing products. Products need to adapt to more users, and the early investment in doing products is very large and the future is full of uncertainties. Although many products come from projects, we should fully understand the more challenges that products need to deal with. Therefore, before making the company a profit center, it may be necessary to evaluate whether the company needs and can form products and businesses. If the conditions are not very good, and let the company shoulder the pressure of business performance, the development may not be as expected, but also affect the internal service; If the conditions are met, then the group needs to do a good job in the early stage of high investment. 数字化转型网（www.szhzxw.cn）
Then briefly talk about some of the inaccurate content in some online articles, the first is the number of central enterprises in the number of companies, some forms widely spread online, almost every central enterprise has written a number of companies, and some central enterprises have not written, so the number is less than 97, and basically are considered to be internal construction of the number of companies. In April 2023, information from the official website of the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission of the State Council, “In order to accelerate the cultivation of digital emerging industries, layout of a new generation of information technology, artificial intelligence and other strategic emerging industries, the central enterprises have established nearly 500 digital technology companies to accelerate the transformation of the old and new industries and the transformation of kinetic energy”, plus 23 years later established, Therefore, the number of central enterprises in the number of companies is about 500, and this number depends on the definition of the scope of the concept of logarithm, if some broad, the number may be more. Among them, the number of companies in the main business direction is far more than the number of companies in the internal construction direction, because each group has one or several internal construction of the number of companies is enough, and more number of companies are in the main business of central enterprises. The number of 500 is very small compared to the number of central enterprises as a whole, and with the digital transformation, there should be more digital technology units to enrich and integrate into the main business of central enterprises.
At the same time, some online articles on the identification of central enterprise data science company is also inaccurate, as mentioned at the beginning of this article, these articles basically equate the central enterprise data science company with the IT company engaged in internal information construction, or as the enterprise information field, but in fact, most of them are not. For example, China Electronics Information Industry Group Co., LTD. (currently 27 central enterprises), China Electronics is a central enterprise with network security and information technology as its core business, focusing on the development of computing industry, integrated circuits, network security, data application, high-tech electronics and other key businesses. The name of the company directly includes the software two words are China Software and Technology Services Co., LTD., CEC Jinxin Software Co., LTD., in the big digital technology concept, the whole group of China Electronics itself is a number of companies. The company identified by the online article to China Electronics Group is the newly established China Electronic Data Industry Co., LTD., which is the first data industry company among central enterprises. The company focuses on the investment, construction and operation of digital platforms with digital ministries, digital governments and digital central enterprises as the key content. With the layout of the data platform supported by the new infrastructure of data security and data factionalization, it can be seen that the company is actually a business enterprise in the main industry of China’s electronics. Similarly, there is a similar situation for China Electronics Technology Group Co., LTD. (the current central enterprise sequence 8). 数字化转型网（www.szhzxw.cn）
Therefore, part of the online content about central enterprises is not fully investigated and analyzed (for example, the above information can be obtained from the official website and other open channels of relevant enterprises), and many central enterprises are not involved. For example, we can see various white papers or reports and other materials exported by some manufacturers or institutions about digitalization of central enterprises or related fields every day. Some of the content looks more tangled, a look at the participating units only manufacturers, there is no participation of central enterprises, and often the coverage of manufacturers is not enough, and even the lack of some head manufacturers, so that the authority of the relevant information played a discount. While the perspective of vendors and third parties is also important, relevant content allows parties to keep a better check, and if the information is inaccurate and asymmetrical, some over-interpretation or misinterpretation can occur.
Including some recent articles mentioned the internal construction direction of the central enterprise digital science company’s impact on the enterprise information industry, in fact, there is no big impact, one, some central enterprise digital science company was established earlier, has always been in the market, and before almost no mention of such central enterprise digital science company’s market pressure on other software manufacturers. Most of the newly established or newly developed companies are in the direction of the main business of central enterprises, not in the field of enterprise informatization. The key is that in the fully competitive market in the field of enterprise informatization in China, it is difficult for manufacturers to occupy a larger market share or even monopoly, and it is even unnecessary. In such a large market, they can obtain better market share and business performance by striving to achieve an above average level.
For example, recently, when talking about the central enterprise number science company, it was also concerned that China Resources Number Science won the bid for the information project of Moutai Company, which is a large-scale information project of Kweichow Moutai Liquor Co., Ltd. in 2023, and the construction content is conventional, because there are more sub-projects carried out during the same period, and the scale of Moutai Company is relatively large, so the scale of the project is also relatively large. In fact, the project of Moutai Company is divided into 9 bidding sections. CRSC only won the bid for the system integration section, while Inspur won the bid for the main parts of the project, such as human resources, asset management, full-service accounting system, electronic imaging system, electronic accounting file management system, and business travel system, while Yonyou won the bid for financial accounting, budget, taxation, and fund management. Financial sector implementation guidance service is ZTE new cloud bid, China Resources digital technology is only one of the participating manufacturers. In addition, due to the integration of many heterogeneous systems at the same time, the system integration section should be customized for Moutai Company to develop the platform of industry finance, ESB and BPM, and complete the integration implementation and PMO project management, which involves a lot of work. Therefore, the quotation of the three manufacturers in this bid section is also relatively high (see this public number “Kweichow Moutai Wine industry financial integration Project of the super large enterprise informatization project of 129 million yuan”), after all, the project is complex and the workload is also very large.
Then look at the situation of other central enterprises, such as Beijing Hui Point Technology Co., LTD., which belongs to Taiji shares of China Electronics Group, is also one of the mature OA manufacturers for many years (but also has a number of other product lines), there are many heavyweight customers, but many people in the market know that the OA manufacturers are Pan Micro, Zhiyuan, Lanling.
For example, Far Light Software Co., LTD., which is controlled by State Grid, is also an excellent manufacturer in the field of enterprise informatization, with a number of product lines including ERP. Energy and power industries are its dominant business areas, delivering many large and complex projects, but the domestic ERP manufacturers known by many people in the market are mainly UF, Kingdee and Inspur. 数字化转型网（www.szhzxw.cn）
Another example is the master data management system commonly used in system integration, petrochemical Yingke and Kunlun Digital Intelligence have master data management software products, but there are more than 50 software manufacturers on the market to provide master data management software products (see this public number “the most complete list of master data management software manufacturers”). Also, for example, all central enterprises have built the treasurer information system, only a small number of software manufacturers built are central enterprises, and other manufacturers have obtained corresponding projects according to user needs and market performance of manufacturers (see this public number “98 central enterprise Treasurer Major software Suppliers Overview (Update)”). To sum up, some central enterprises in the direction of internal construction are also important manufacturers in the field of enterprise informatization. However, in the enterprise informatization industry with full competition, central enterprises in the field of enterprise informatization are important participants in the market together with a large number of other manufacturers, including UF, Kingdee and Inspur, which are larger and have leading market shares, but have not solidized the market in related fields. Some central enterprise companies established for many years, and the newly added central enterprise companies in recent years and other new manufacturers from time to time together, are far from the market need to cause anxiety pressure, the domestic enterprise information market is large enough, the competition is fierce enough. As a number of companies, the number of companies in the central enterprises are no different from a large number of manufacturers in the industry, which rely on products and services to reflect the value, especially the number of companies based on internal construction, which is often an independent and enhanced version of the information Department.
Some manufacturers believe that the central enterprise digital science company is an important partner, and the number of central enterprise digital science companies to establish cooperation as a side of their own strength, UF will publicize such cooperation in daily life, for example, on August 18, 2023, UF signed an activity with 10 various types of digital science companies (UF has docking with more than 300 digital science companies to carry out work). Yonyou said that it shares resources and co-creates with its partners in multiple industries. Specifically, UF cooperated with the research institute of China Zhenhua Electronics Group Co., LTD., a subsidiary of China Electronics. The LIMS products developed by Zhenhua Research Institute established an ecological relationship with UF ISV. Another example is that Beijing Jiuji Software Co., Ltd. and China Guoxin Holdings Co., LTD. (currently the 96th in the series of central enterprises) jointly established Guoxin Jiuji Digital Technology (Beijing) Co., LTD., which lays out financial technology, serves the real economy, and focuses on the business related to supply chain finance sharing services, with Guoxin Group holding 51% and Jiuji holding 49%; For example, Jiuqi and China Railway Construction Group Co., LTD. (currently the 73rd central enterprise series) set up a joint venture Beijing Jiuqi Construction Technology Co., LTD. Jiuqi holds 51%, and China Railway Construction holds 25%, which mainly provides hardware and software products and solutions for construction/real estate enterprises such as intelligent finance, project management, smart construction site, big data and production and operation management. It has undertaken the construction of a number of large-scale informatization projects of large construction groups. Cooperation emphasizes the value of each other and win-win, powerful manufacturers believe that cooperation with central enterprises is a good way to cut into the industry or large customers, not only market pressure, but opportunities.
Finally, briefly talk about the total package of information projects, in fact, this content has no direct relationship with the central enterprises, but some of the concerns of the industry that the existence of the number of companies has compressed the profit margins of manufacturers, so a little discussion. Business development and project execution methods such as general subcontracting and general integration are widely found in all walks of life, including construction, etc. In the field of information technology, they are also one of the ways for various manufacturers or users to carry out work. There are many manufacturers in the industry who play the role of general integrator. There are also external integrators, including the docking of several companies, depending on the project needs, some need to be delivered directly by the original factory, and some need to be delivered completely by the total integrator. 数字化转型网（www.szhzxw.cn）
Specific to the group information construction projects undertaken by Suke, some of them are purchased by the Group headquarters, and then Suke is connected with the manufacturer to deliver the project. Suke is mainly responsible for the project management and related support of Party A, such as connecting with the manufacturer’s infrastructure and various systems of Party A, commissioning computing and network resources for the manufacturer’s deployment system, and configuring security policies. Organize related manufacturers to do system integration, organize the docking needs with user departments, track and coordinate with Party A and Party B to solve problems, etc. At this time, the labor cost caused by the dispatch of technical and management personnel of the company will be settled with the group headquarters, which has nothing to do with the manufacturer. There is also the group headquarters entrusts the company to tender and purchase, the group headquarters will supervise the selection and procurement work, but it is still delivered directly by the manufacturer, the process is similar.
For projects that are fully undertaken by the Company, such as the general contract project, in which part of the work is completed by the company and the other part is completed by several manufacturers, the quotation of the company’s own products and services will still be subject to the relevant requirements of the Group. Although it is an internal business of the Group, it is still an independent legal body, so there is still substantial funds to pay. For the headquarter and other enterprises of the Group, it is the actual payment. Since it is the actual payment of funds, the headquarter and each enterprise will implement the procurement management system, and the quotation that is not in line with the market price range will not be accepted. That is, the number of companies to carry out business to the group headquarters and other enterprises in the group can only be a reasonable price range, and also face various assessments within the group. 数字化转型网（www.szhzxw.cn）
Then the relationship between the company and the supplier is actually an objective relationship between Party A and Party B, whether it is a central enterprise or not, it is the same for all kinds of users and manufacturers. In general, Party A should be professional, can effectively grasp the demand, can choose to meet the requirements of Party B, can formulate the project budget according to the market price, one price, one product, with a reasonable price to obtain the corresponding and reliable product and service quality; Party B should be professional, have reliable products and services, can effectively deliver projects so that customers can obtain value, do not embarrass themselves to obtain projects at low prices but difficult to deliver, have a strategic choice, do not think that the project is not cost-effective, with their own due value of sustainable development.
In other words, cooperation is mutual, and the goal of Suke is to deliver projects to the Group. In a certain sense, Suke is under greater pressure. If Suke fails to select the right supplier and purchase the products and services at a reasonable price, the effect of low-priced products and services is not high, and the final impact is the delivery, which is equivalent to spending money to accomplish nothing, and Party B can just walk away. However, it is difficult for the company to explain to the group, so it is necessary for both Party A and Party B to be professional. In reality, there are indeed some failed projects caused by unprofessional companies of various types of enterprises and some projects that unprofessional manufacturers cannot deliver, but this is not the mainstream situation of the industry. Most of the projects have achieved reasonable results under the cooperation of Party A and Party B, so there will always be a large number of various information projects and various manufacturers will continue to obtain projects. 数字化转型网（www.szhzxw.cn）
The above is the content of this hope to exchange, the original plan was to talk about it briefly, but as the previous entanglement, the relevant content of the central enterprise number section company is very much, although this article is part of the actual situation of the central enterprise number section company, part of it has nothing to do with the central enterprise number section company, but simply write nearly 9000 words. The relevant content of this article comes from the information published by all parties. The full text is only my personal view for work exchange and discussion, and does not represent the position of all parties.
本文由数字化转型网（www.szhzxw.cn）转载而成，来源于猫说信息化，作者：苗峰79；编辑/翻译：数字化转型网宁檬树。
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