在2024年全国两会期间，全国政协委员、中国财政科学研究院研究员刘尚希带来了关于促进平台经济高质量发展的提案。
刘尚希表示，我国平台经济发展遭遇困境，平台企业后劲不足，平台科技创新投入“有心无力”，平台经济的政策环境亟待优化。对此有三点政策建议，一是持续优化稳定公平透明可预期的发展环境，充分激发平台经济生机活力；二是支持科技驱动的消费新业态发展，培育壮大新型消费；三是对于平台经济的规范与治理，需要放在国际竞争的视野下，为我国平台企业参与国际竞争营造更优的政策环境。
“平台经济在时代发展大潮中应运而生，为扩大需求提供了新空间，为创新发展提供了新引擎，为就业创业提供了新渠道，为公共服务提供了新支撑，在发展全局中的地位和作用日益突显。”去年7月，李强总理如是说。然而，2024年2月，中国平台企业已上市的前十企业总市值比2023年2月缩水2442亿美元（折合人民币超1.7万亿元），2023年中国存量独角兽企业平均估值，比10年前缩水75.5%。中国平台企业在国际竞争中愈来愈显得力不从心。 数字化转型网（www.szhzxw.cn）
一、 我国平台经济发展遭遇困境
平台企业后劲不足。2023年，收缩业务、优化人员结构、削减营销费用、减少业务创新来降本增效，已成为平台企业“活下去”的无奈之举，尤其是规模较小或处于初创阶段的平台企业，更倾向于通过裁员实现减负。平台企业人才吸引力下降，从净流入变成净流出。
平台科技创新投入“有心无力”。当前，支持和促进平台经济发展的具体政策措施尚未出台，平台投资面临较高合规风险，外资大幅降低对中国平台企业的投资速度，平台企业布局下一代互联网、通用大模型、量子计算等方面“畏手畏脚”。 数字化转型网（www.szhzxw.cn）
二、平台经济的政策环境亟待优化
2021年12月国家发展改革委等部门发布了《关于推动平台经济规范健康持续发展的若干意见》，2022年4月中共中央政治局会议提出“出台支持平台经济规范健康发展的具体措施”，但目前尚未见到包括“绿灯”投资案例在内的具体政策出台，政策评估机制、风险监测和应急处置机制仍显不足。
平台企业除了需要根据《反垄断法》规定，对达到法定标准的投资并购活动进行经营者集中申报以外，还需要根据行业主管部门的内部规定，对各类投资并购活动进行单独申报。审批流程的增加，延长了投资并购完成的周期，也增加了不确定性，一定程度对企业的投资意愿产生抑制。
平台经济无地域边界，业务多属性，部门化、条块化、属地化监管模式相互冲突，多头执法问题涌现。具体监管政策释放的信号与中央倡导方向时常不一致。主管部门对生成式AI服务设置了较为宽泛的前置备案要求，未根据不同服务类型（如基础模型、行业模型、模型应用）特点，设置相应的审批规则，导致审批周期长，企业难以形成稳定预期，生成式AI服务的上线速度慢于研发速度，难以形成“研发-应用-投资”的良性循环。 数字化转型网（www.szhzxw.cn）
相比国外，我国对平台企业的监管约束更多更严，其发展步伐也更慢，与国外的差距在不断拉大。
三、对策建议
一是持续优化稳定公平透明可预期的发展环境，充分激发平台经济生机活力。切实落实好中央决策部署，提振平台企业发展信心。卸下平台企业专项整改遗留的历史包袱，切实解决实际困难，优化投资并购审批流程，拓宽融资渠道（如境内境外上市、不动产投资信托基金（REITs）等），加大科创基础研发投入，提升平台企业国际竞争力。坚持包容审慎监管，切实落实宏观政策取向一致性评估，多出鼓励平台经济发展的正向政策。
二是支持科技驱动的消费新业态发展，培育壮大新型消费。依托电商平台改善消费体验，构建有活力的消费生态，以新场景和新体验创造新需求。生成式人工智能等新技术，没有既定路线可以遵循，需要政府与平台协同共治，给予必要的激励和宽松包容的监管环境。直播电商主管部门加强协同，对经纪机构和主播实行分层监管，鼓励品牌企业、线下商业通过直播“店播”等新模式新业态，扩大产品销售，让消费者放心购、无忧退。 数字化转型网（www.szhzxw.cn）
三是对于平台经济的规范与治理，需要放在国际竞争的视野下，为我国平台企业参与国际竞争营造更优的政策环境。平台经济事关中国发展的国际竞争力。近两年美国独角兽数量井喷，与美国的数字政策直接相关。我国应加快推动公共数据共享开放，实行市场自发和政府主导的双轨制数据交易，以助力平台企业更好开拓海外市场，提升平台企业的国际竞争力。
翻译：
Liu Shangxi: Three policy suggestions for optimizing the platform’s economic policy environment
During the National Two Sessions in 2024, Liu Shangxi, a member of the CPPCC National Committee and a researcher at the Chinese Academy of Fiscal Sciences, brought a proposal on promoting the high-quality development of the platform economy. 数字化转型网（www.szhzxw.cn）
Liu Shangxi said that the development of China’s platform economy has encountered difficulties, the platform enterprises have insufficient stamina, the platform scientific and technological innovation investment is “powerless”, and the policy environment of the platform economy needs to be optimized. To this end, there are three policy recommendations. First, continue to optimize a stable, fair, transparent and predictable development environment to fully stimulate the vitality of the platform economy; Second, we will support the development of new forms of consumption driven by science and technology and foster new types of consumption. Third, the norms and governance of platform economy need to be placed in the perspective of international competition to create a better policy environment for China’s platform enterprises to participate in international competition.
“Platform economy came into being in the tide of The Times. It provides new space for expanding demand, a new engine for innovative development, a new channel for employment and entrepreneurship, and new support for public services. Its status and role in overall development are becoming increasingly prominent.” So said Premier Li Qiang in July last year. However, in February 2024, the total market value of the top ten listed Chinese platform enterprises shrank by $244.2 billion (equivalent to over 1.7 trillion yuan) compared with February 2023, and the average valuation of China’s stock unicorn enterprises in 2023 shrank by 75.5% compared with 10 years ago. Chinese platform enterprises are becoming increasingly powerless in the international competition.
First, the development of China’s platform economy has encountered difficulties
Platform enterprises have insufficient stamina. In 2023, shrinking business, optimizing personnel structure, reducing marketing expenses, and reducing business innovation to reduce cost and increase efficiency have become the helpless measures for platform enterprises to “live”, especially for smaller or start-up platform enterprises, which are more inclined to reduce the burden through layoffs. The talent attraction of platform enterprises decreased, from a net inflow to a net outflow.
Platform scientific and technological innovation investment “heart is powerless”. At present, specific policies and measures to support and promote the development of platform economy have not yet been introduced, platform investment is facing high compliance risks, foreign investment has significantly reduced the speed of investment in Chinese platform enterprises, and platform enterprises are “timid” in the layout of next-generation Internet, general large models, and quantum computing.
Second, the policy environment of platform economy needs to be optimized
In December 2021, the National Development and Reform Commission and other departments issued “Several Opinions on Promoting the Healthy and Sustainable Development of Platform Economy norms”, and in April 2022, the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee proposed to “introduce specific measures to support the healthy development of platform economy norms”, but no specific policies including “green light” investment cases have been introduced. Policy assessment mechanisms, risk monitoring and emergency response mechanisms remain inadequate.
In addition to reporting the concentration of operators in investment and mergers and acquisitions that meet legal standards in accordance with the provisions of the Anti-Monopoly Law, platform enterprises also need to make separate declarations of various investment and mergers and acquisitions in accordance with the internal regulations of the competent industry authorities. The increase in the approval process has extended the completion cycle of investment and merger, and also increased the uncertainty, which has inhibited the investment willingness of enterprises to a certain extent.
Platform economy has no regional boundaries, multi-attribute business, departmental, block and localized supervision models conflict with each other, and multiple law enforcement problems emerge. The signals released by specific regulatory policies are often inconsistent with the direction advocated by the central government. The competent authorities have set relatively broad pre-filing requirements for generative AI services, and have not set corresponding approval rules according to the characteristics of different service types (such as basic models, industry models, and model applications), resulting in a long approval cycle, difficult for enterprises to form stable expectations, and the online speed of generative AI services is slower than the research and development speed. It is difficult to form a virtuous cycle of “R&D – application – investment”. 数字化转型网（www.szhzxw.cn）
Compared with foreign countries, China’s regulatory constraints on platform enterprises are more and stricter, and the pace of development is also slower, and the gap with foreign countries is constantly widening.
Third, countermeasures and suggestions
First, continue to optimize a stable, fair, transparent and predictable development environment, and fully stimulate the vitality of the platform economy. Effectively implement the central decision-making and deployment, and boost the confidence of platform enterprises. Unload the historical burden left by the special rectification of the platform enterprises, effectively solve the practical difficulties, optimize the approval process of investment and acquisition, expand financing channels (such as domestic and overseas listing, real estate investment trust (REITs), etc.), increase the investment in basic research and development of science and innovation, and enhance the international competitiveness of the platform enterprises. Adhere to inclusive prudential supervision, effectively implement the consistency assessment of macro policy orientation, and create more positive policies to encourage the development of the platform economy. 数字化转型网（www.szhzxw.cn）
Second, we will support the development of new forms of consumption driven by science and technology and foster new types of consumption. Relying on e-commerce platforms to improve consumer experience, build a vibrant consumer ecology, and create new demands with new scenarios and new experiences. New technologies, such as generative artificial intelligence, have no established path to follow, and need to be governed jointly by the government and the platform, giving the necessary incentives and a relaxed and inclusive regulatory environment. Live e-commerce authorities strengthen coordination, implement hierarchical supervision of brokerage institutions and anchors, and encourage brand enterprises and offline businesses to expand product sales through new models and new formats such as live “store broadcasting”, so that consumers can buy with confidence and return without worry.
Third, the norms and governance of platform economy need to be placed in the perspective of international competition to create a better policy environment for China’s platform enterprises to participate in international competition. Platform economy concerns the international competitiveness of China’s development. The blowout in the number of unicorns in the United States in the past two years is directly related to the digital policy of the United States. China should speed up the promotion of public data sharing and openness, and implement market-driven and government-led dual-track data transactions to help platform enterprises better explore overseas markets and enhance the international competitiveness of platform enterprises. 数字化转型网（www.szhzxw.cn）
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