2022年11月4日，一封电子邮件降临，标题写着：你在推特（Twitter）的职责。
这家社交媒体巨头的前产品管理总监格蕾丝-安·贝克说：“这是我第一次被裁。”事实证明，被裁的并非贝克一人。在新东家埃隆·马斯克接手时，这家困难重重的公司拥有7,500名员工，其中近三分之二的员工将成为裁员对象。在接下来的数周和数月中，这一趋势在科技行业持续蔓延，而且范围越来越广。随着经济发展的放缓，这些科技公司如今裁员的速度并不亚于其在新冠疫情期间招聘员工的速度。
亚马逊（Amazon）裁掉了超过1.8万名员工；谷歌（Google）的母公司Alphabet裁员1.2万人；Facebook的母公司Meta裁员1.1万人；微软（Microsoft）裁员1万人。小型公司亦加入了裁员阵营，支付服务提供商Stripe、在线视频托管服务Vimeo和电子零售商Stitch Fix纷纷宣布了瘦身计划。数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
一夜之间，这些曾几何时备受追捧，尊享丰厚薪资、福利和分红的高科技员工军团，转而变成了求职大军，踏足这个不得不更新其简历并等待招聘者回音的陌生领地。
然而，很多人在寻找新工作方面并没有遇到什么困难，他们发现自己的技能依然属于紧俏商品。有鉴于科技行业如今的颓势，很多科技行业之外的雇主正在争抢失业的软件工程师和网页设计师，而此前，上述其中一些雇主在长达十年的硅谷热期间因为自身古板的形象和较低的薪资，难以招到科技人才。数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
非科技行业雇主？不妨想想医疗、金融和政府部门。它们的工作更加稳定，而且员工在某些情况下有机会加入耗费数年组建成的大型科技团队。
在沃尔玛（Walmart），超过2万名工程师、UX专家和数据科学家目前在其核心领域工作，从电子商务一直到信息安全岗位。该公司的一位发言人以不折不扣的招聘者语气表示：“这对零售科技来说是一个令人振奋的时刻。”数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
金融服务巨头摩根大通（JPMorgan Chase）在全球拥有5.5万名技术人员，其高管对于吸引技术人员以及留住现有员工亦非常乐观。摩根大通的全球首席信息官洛里·比尔在发给《财富》杂志的电子邮件里称：“说到趋势，我们将看到越来越多的技术人员会选择留在公司，而我们的人员流失率也将降至新冠疫情前的水平。求职者如今被企业争抢的现象将越来越少。”数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
现实中，科技与其他行业的裁员数量形成了鲜明对比。职业介绍服务公司Challenger, Gray & Christmas称，2022年，科技公司裁员数量超过了9.7万名，较一年前该行业的裁员数增长了649%。与此同时，各行业雇主的裁员总数达到了近36.4万名，同比仅增长了13%。（如果不计科技行业，整体裁员数量实际上较去年有所下滑。）数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
事实上，尽管当前经济充满了不确定性，但美国劳工统计局（Bureau of Labor Statistics）的数据显示，美国整体经济仅在2022年12月便新增就业22.3万人。换句话说，就业市场依然十分健康，但科技领域除外。
之所以出现这种迥异的现象，原因有很多。在景气年份，很多科技公司开始大肆招聘，尤其在新冠疫情期间，以满足因为封锁令而苦不堪言的客户和企业的需求激增。数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
如今，由于新冠的防疫措施基本已经取消了，而且近期的加息使得经济停滞不前，为了削减成本，科技企业的高管们纷纷祭出了裁员大旗。
即便对于此前很难招到技术人才的政府机构而言，此次裁员潮也为其带来了千载难逢的机会。美国退伍军人事务部（Department of Veterans Affairs）的信息与技术副秘书兼首席信息官库尔特·德尔贝内说：“我们将对外宣布机构要招聘人手的消息。”数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
美国退伍军人事务部当前有700多个技术岗位空缺，包括其云基础构架和网络安全团队。德尔贝内称，他通过领英（LinkedIn）和其他渠道收到的职位咨询数量明显有所增加。他还从自家机构举办的虚拟招聘会上收到了“数百条”线索。
德尔贝内说：“我们是最大的医疗服务提供商，也是美国最大的金融机构。如果你理想的工作是解决超级难题，那么来我们这里就对了。”
诚然，政府工作的薪资在历史上一直都无法与私营领域相比，即便对于技术人才来说也是如此。德尔贝内指出，在华盛顿特区，工程师在美国退伍军人事务部与科技公司之间的薪资差距高达66%。然而，美国退伍军人事务部和其他联邦机构正在敦促政府为特种岗位设立“特殊薪资标准”。到目前为止，这一举措似乎初见成效：今年1月，某些技术岗位的薪资变化得到了批准。德尔贝内表示：“我希望把退伍军人事务部打造为联邦政府中[技术型雇员]的最佳职场。”
还有一种类型的机构也成为了其中一些被裁技术人才的青睐对象，即那些不怎么显山露水的科技公司。它们的规模很大，但十分低调，因此在与知名社交媒体和金融科技公司争抢人才时会很吃力。高管猎头公司Rich Talent Group的创始人及首席执行官贾娜·里奇在谈及税收软件开发商Intuit和Photoshop背后的科技工具Adobe时表示：“我听到Intuit和Adobe这些公司有意招聘大量人才。这些公司经营有方，十分赚钱，增速快，人才留存率也高，但它们也在不断地升级其业务模式。人们在那里能够学到技能，并得到晋升。”
有一个领域似乎并不在被裁大军的考虑之列，那就是处于早期阶段的初创企业。这是合乎情理的：里奇称，如今求职者看重的是公司的财务健康度和生存能力。首先，年轻的初创企业并没有多少可查业绩。其次，如果它很快便需要进行新的融资，能不能生存下来还是两说的事情。有鉴于当前经济的下行趋势，风投资本大幅放缓了对新科技公司的投资。数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
当然，并非所有人都在争先恐后地寻找新东家，部分原因在于大多数科技公司为被裁雇员提供了相对丰厚的遣散方案。例如，商业软件巨头赛富时（Salesforce）给近期遭裁的8,000名员工发放了5个月的薪资，外加医疗保险。Meta则提供了16周的薪资和福利，外加在Meta每工作一年额外支付两周的工资。
毫无疑问，这些方案缓冲了裁员带来的冲击，而技术人员在不同行业依然十分抢手的事实也起到了类似的作用。不过，成为被裁对象并不是什么有趣的事情，而且一些失业雇员担心，随着经济开始走下坡路，其他行业在未来几个月也会有所收缩。数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
DoorDash一位不愿透露姓名的前技术雇员表示：“在情绪方面，我已经接受了这个现实。”（这家餐厅送货应用程序在2022年11月宣布裁员1,250名，占其员工总数的6%。）不过，当这一时刻来临，也就是她意识到自己已经无法访问自己的工作账户时：“各种情绪涌上心头。”在被裁数周之后，这位前雇员称还没有想好自己接下来该何去何从。机会是有的，尤其对于那些愿意尝试新事物的雇员：“我跟几名猎头和招聘者进行了沟通，他们异口同声地提到，非传统科技公司如今正在大量招聘技术人才。”数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
对于推特的前员工贝克来说，有鉴于马斯克接手之后公司出现的各种混乱局面，她对裁员的反应，或者至少她自己体会到的一种情绪，是解脱。这里也会有一种同志之间的友情，因为有如此多的员工都在经历同样的事情。她正在认真考虑自己接下来到底想去哪里工作，而自己已经获得的公司关注度和参加过的面试让其对此十分乐观。曾经在思科（Cisco）和谷歌等巨头工作过的贝克说：“就业机会还是有的，而且我认识的大多数人都找到了工作。”
至于会选择什么样的新工作和新公司，她依然没有做出决定。她说，在推特工作了三年后，有一件事可以确定的是：“我很开明。”数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
裁员局势
大大小小的科技公司在最近几个月里纷纷开始裁员。以下是其中的一些公司及其裁员数量：
翻译：数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
On November 4, 2022, an email arrived with the subject line: Your duties at Twitter.
“This is the first time I’ve ever been cut,” said Grace-Ann Baker, former director of product management at the social media giant. As it turned out, Baker wasn’t alone. Under new owner Elon Musk, nearly two-thirds of the 7,500 employees at the struggling company will be laid off. In the weeks and months that followed, the trend continued to spread across the tech industry, and more broadly. As the economy slows, these tech companies are now laying off workers at the same rate they hired during the coronavirus pandemic.
Amazon laid off more than 18,000 workers; Alphabet, the parent company of Google, cut 12,000 jobs; Meta, Facebook’s parent company, cut 11,000 jobs; Microsoft cut 10,000 jobs. Smaller companies also joined the ranks, with payment service Stripe, online video hosting service Vimeo and e-retailer Stitch Fix announcing plans to slim down.数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
Overnight, this once-sought-after army of tech workers, who enjoyed generous salaries, benefits and bonuses, has turned into an army of job-seekers in an unfamiliar territory where they have to update their resumes and wait to hear back from recruiters.数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
Still, many people aren’t having trouble finding new jobs and are finding that their skills are still in demand.
Given the industry’s decline, many employers outside the tech industry are snapping up unemployed software engineers and web designers, some of whom struggled to recruit tech talent during the decade-long Silicon Valley boom because of their stuffy image and low pay.
Non-tech employers? Think health care, finance and government. Jobs are more stable, and employees in some cases have the chance to join large tech teams that have taken years to build.数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
At Walmart, more than 20,000 engineers, UX specialists and data scientists currently work in its core areas, from e-commerce all the way to information security positions. “This is an exciting time for retail technology,” says a spokesman for the company, sounding no less than a recruiter.
Executives at financial services giant JPMorgan Chase, which has 55,000 tech workers around the world, are also optimistic about attracting tech workers and retaining existing ones. “In terms of trends, we will see more tech people staying with the company, and our attrition rate will drop to pre-COVID-19 levels,” Lori Beal, jpmorgan’s global chief information officer, told Fortune in an email. “There will be less competition for job seekers.”
In reality, the number of layoffs in tech stands in stark contrast to other industries. 数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
Outplacement firm Challenger, Gray & Christmas said technology companies cut more than 97,000 jobs in 2022, up 649% from a year earlier. At the same time, employers across industries cut nearly 364,000 jobs, up just 13% from a year earlier. (If you exclude the tech sector, overall layoffs are actually down from last year.)数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
In fact, despite the current economic uncertainty, the U.S. economy as a whole added 223,000 jobs in December 2022 alone, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics. In other words, the job market is still pretty healthy, except in technology.数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
There are many reasons for this divergence. During the boom years, many tech companies went on a hiring spree, especially during the coronavirus pandemic, to meet a surge in demand from customers and businesses suffering from lockdowns.
Now, with coronavirus quarantine measures largely gone and recent interest rate hikes stalling the economy, tech executives are laying off workers in an effort to cut costs.
Even for government agencies that have previously struggled to find skilled workers, the wave of layoffs presents a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity. “We’re going to be announcing agency hires,” said Kurt Delbene, deputy secretary of information and technology and chief information officer for the Department of Veterans Affairs.
The Department of Veterans Affairs currently has more than 700 unfilled technical positions
The Department of Veterans Affairs currently has more than 700 unfilled technical positions, including its cloud infrastructure and cybersecurity teams. Mr. Delbene says he has seen a noticeable increase in job inquiries through LinkedIn and other channels. He also received ‘hundreds’ of tips from virtual job fairs held by his agency.数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
“We are the largest health care provider and the largest financial institution in the United States,” Delinet said. If your dream job is solving super hard problems, then we’re the place to be.”
To be sure, salaries for government jobs have historically not been comparable to those in the private sector, even for skilled workers. In Washington, D.C., the pay gap between engineers at the Department of Veterans Affairs and tech companies is 66 percent, Delbene noted. However, the Department of Veterans Affairs and other federal agencies are urging the government to set a “special pay scale” for specialized jobs. So far, the effort seems to be paying off: In January, salary changes for certain technology jobs were approved. “I want to make the VA the best place [for skilled workers] in the federal government,” Mr Delbene said.数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
Another type of organization that has become popular with some of these laid-off techies is the less visible tech companies.
They are large but low-key, so they struggle to compete for talent with established social media and fintech companies. “I hear companies like Intuit and Adobe looking to hire a lot of Talent,” Jana Rich, founder and CEO of executive search firm Rich Talent Group, said of Adobe, the tech tool behind tax software maker Intuit and Photoshop. These companies are well-run, profitable, growing fast and retaining high talent, but they are also constantly upgrading their business models. It’s where people learn skills and get promoted.”
One area that doesn’t seem to be on the chopping block is early-stage start-ups. That makes sense: Job seekers today are looking for a company’s financial health and viability, Ritchie says. First, young start-ups don’t have much to track. Second, if it needs new financing soon, its survival is a toss-up. Given the current economic downturn, venture capital has sharply slowed its investments in new technology companies.数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
Of course, not everyone is scrambling to find a new owner, in part because most tech companies offer relatively generous severance packages to laid-off employees. Business software giant Salesforce, for example, gave its 8,000 recently laid off employees five months ‘pay, plus health insurance. Meta offers 16 weeks of salary and benefits, plus an additional two weeks for each year of employment with Meta.
These programmes have undoubtedly cushioned the blow of job cuts, as has the fact that skilled workers are still in high demand in different industries.
Still, being on the chopping block is no fun, and some unemployed employees worry that other industries will contract in the coming months as the economy begins to decline.数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
“Emotionally, I’ve come to terms with it,” says a former DoorDash tech employee who asked not to be named. (The restaurant delivery app announced 1,250 layoffs, or 6% of its workforce, in November 2022.) But when the moment came — when she realized she no longer had access to her work account — “all kinds of emotions came over her.” Weeks after being laid off, the former employee said he was still undecided about his next move. There are opportunities, especially for employees who are willing to try something new: “I spoke to several headhunters and recruiters who unanimously mentioned that non-traditional tech companies are hiring a lot of tech talent.”
For Ms. Beck, the former Twitter employee, the reaction to the layoffs. Or at least one she experienced herself, was relief, given the chaos that has engulfed the company since Mr. Musk took over. There is also a camaraderie because so many employees are going through the same thing. She’s taking a hard look at where she wants to work next. And the attention she’s gotten and the interviews she’s had make her optimistic. “There are jobs out there, and most of the people I know are employed.” Said Baker, who has worked at giants like Cisco and Google.数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
As for what kind of new job and company she will choose, she is still undecided. After three years at Twitter, she says, one thing is certain: “I’m open-minded.”
Layoff situation
Tech companies large and small have started laying off workers in recent months. Here’s a look at some of them and how many they’ve cut:
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