华为进军ERP，引发了行业热议。资本市场快速做出反应，金蝶用友双双大跌，用友几乎吓跌停。
根据华为的官宣：今年4月份，华为的ERP将会宣誓，完全用自己的操作系统、数据库、编译器和语言，做出了自己的管理系统metaERP软件。
华为布局ERP，也给整个行业带来了震动，业内普遍认为用友金蝶危险了。不过日前，华为相关人士透露华为MetaERP管理系统目前仅供内部使用，金蝶国际也高开近6%。
但从一个更长远的角度来看，华为从内部使用到开放到外部，或是一个必然的趋势，任正非也表示，未来将成为国内市场高端ERP市场的重要力量。
一、华为为何要进军ERP？
说到ERP，它最初是一个企业的进销存财系统，用于管理日常业务活动的一套软件，它发家于制造业。
在制造业，很多企业接单后，需要通过ERP录入系统，运营部门要开始计算执行这笔订单需要多长时间，有没有存货，没有存货要安排生产，要计算需要生产多少？需不需要备料？备料周期多长？有多少道工艺工序？需要多少设备班组资源？在什么时候哪些原材料到货可以执行哪一道工序？最后得出订单预计在什么时候能完成生产，并发给客户。
目前ERP发展到了各行各业，如今它的功能与价值与应用范围在扩大，不仅仅是一个企业的进销存财系统了。在国内企业数字化转型的浪潮下，我国也涌现了一批优秀的ERP企业，包括用友、浪潮、金蝶等。
从目前来看，用友、浪潮、金蝶主要占据的是ERP中低端市场。高端市场主要是SAP、Oracle两家。2021年在我国高端ERP软件领域，SAP、Oracle两家市场占比达到53%。
国内高端ERP软件的技术水平和产品能力距海外巨头还有较大差距。国内部分企业在初期会使用国产ERP软件，但发展到一定规模后，由于国产软件难以支撑企业的业务需求，此时国内企业会将国产ERP软件替换成海外的软件。
华为就是如此，而就当前的竞争格局来看，而华为切入该市场的根本目的是为了生存，首先是满足华为的自用。
之所以华为切入国内高端ERP软件，也是因为对国内高端ERP软件的缺位有着切肤之痛。
过去华为一开始是买的ORACLE天启的，后来又用的是SAP的。但后来因为被制裁，华为不能使用国外的软件，只能退而求其次，与国产用友ERP合作，开始把ERP云化，推出了华为云为基础的ERP软件。
不过使用过程中，用友软件逐步不能适应华为的要求，华为开始自研ERP，最终推出了meta ERP，消息传出来，用友网络跌停。
因此，从华为的发展历程可以知道，国内的高端ERP软件无法满足其需求的情况下，开始自己做。这本身也是市场规律。任何一个行业，都会经历从发展红利期走向成熟期，从低端走向高端，从低水平走向高技术模式。一般而言，越到后期，市场竞争会越充分。
如果一个行业本身有巨大的市场需求，但行业主流玩家却一直以来做不好，那么有更强的选手入场来做大市场，是符合市场发展与进化的逻辑的。
一直以来，国内高端ERP基本都是SAP和Oracle的天下，用友进军这个行业已有30年，没有把高端市场做起来。
从发展历程来看，金蝶和用友起初都是做财务软件的，小公司从小做大的时候，就顺便从财务软件，买到了其他模块，国内的企业，初期一般都是用的金蝶用友，而到期金蝶用友满足不了的时候，就如华为一样转入SAP和Oracle。
但用友过去一直是模仿SAP和Oracle去做高端，但高端ERP靠的不仅是代码和功能，而是需要全球化复杂性强的公司的使用反馈数据再成长。
由于用友金蝶一直局限国内，主打小企业的中低端市场需求，缺乏复杂性强的公司的使用数据与管理模型优化，很难做到SAP那样，可以覆盖大部分500强客户，拥有庞大的跨国公司业可以务不断优化数据与管理模型，持续提升竞争力，也因此，用友金蝶的系统也很难满足像华为这类大公司的业务需求。
根据华为内部人士的透露，华为做ERP，首先是要满足内部使用，在内部形成了一站式、全流程、安全可信的作业平台，未来基于该平台开发更多软件，再开放给外界使用。
二、华为突破高端ERP，机会在哪里？
简单来说，华为当前布局ERP，当前主要是自用，短期内对行业玩家其实影响不大。但市场的担心在于，华为进入哪个行业，哪个行业就面临一场市场格局的洗牌，要抢走别家的饭碗，行业就会越来越卷。
从PC行业来看，华为手机业务被制裁之后，全力杀入PC市场。2022年华为笔记本大涨89%，而联想电脑的出货量下跌20%以上，戴尔更是下跌50%以上。
不能小看华为进军ERP，从任正非的透露来看，MetaERP已经在华为公司全球各部门进行应用实战，也经过了华为公司的总账使用年度结算考验，从华为提到的是操作系统，数据库，就编译器，语音都是自己的就可以知道，华为突破高端ERP其实已经有底了。
在未来，它能给Oracle和SAP多大压力以及能抢走其多少市场，也是有待观察。
华为公司的优势是自己公司的规模与企业信息化模式本身就能够帮助打磨MetaERP这样重量级的产品，顺便在行业可以输出自己经验、知识、标准和方案。
如前所述，数字化浪潮之下，未来国内企业尤其是大型集团企业的数字化建设会成为趋势，这会成为华为公司的一个重要的市场。
那么接下来就看哪些公司会成为华为ERP的首批客户，特别是头部大企业客户。参考华为鸿蒙智能座舱以及智能化解决方案在汽车行业的生态化扩展能力，华为把ERP市场做大，有难度，但不是没有这个可能性。
SAP、Oracle的壮大，一直以来都有企业服务生态圈，MetaERP推出后或将带来新生态圈的崛起。
过去美国在软硬件领域的不断制裁打压破坏了市场全球化市场经济运行的公平性与信任价值，也让很多国内企业没有安全感，担心在一系列垄断性的产品上受制于人，如果在水平差不多的情况下，可能部分企业会倾向于国产替代。
因此，这也给了华为扩展自己生态圈的机会。
三、用友金蝶压力大，还是Oracle和SAP危险了？
从ERP行业来看，但华为自研ERP在其内部已经替代其原来ERP产品（Oracle）,但这还不能等同于华为MetaERP就可完全适用于别的行业，华为自研ERP无论在其内部是否能稳定运行以及在其他行业的适用性，都还有待时间考验与优化。
一直以来，ERP高端市场一直被SAP、Oracle垄断，华为要在高端市场打破垄断其实没有业内想象的那么容易，因为前者的积累太深了。Oracle是借供应链起家的，偏技术背景，更强调开发灵活性，从SAP来看，它偏业务，胜在稳定且完备的管理思想，且覆盖了大部分500强客户，这些客户相对会更加稳定，且跨国公司较多。华为因为众所周知的原因，要抢走这部分客户，面临着各种复杂难题。
另一方面，在ERP行业，一般来说，随着ERP实施经验的积累，知识体系的丰富，其定制开发、咨询能力与价值也将不断提高。从解决方案的严谨性以及对于不同行业的适用性来看，SAP在业内没有谁是它的对手，从系统的延续性来看，SPA也做到了一定的高度。
而Oracle的UI界面优势非常强，操作端用户体验一直是它的优势，二次开发也更容易实现，数据库是其强项，一般大企业基于稳定与数据库的存储综合考虑，都会选择稳健的Oracle。IDC最新数据显示，Oracle在全球关系型数据库中份额约为42%的市场份额，微软为24%，IBM为13%。
总的来说，要实现对SAP、Oracle的超越，或者说要从这两家手里抢走客户，是很难的。华为MateERP不具备短期大规模替换SAP、Oracle的基础，节奏上应该是先试点后全面铺开。
对于国内同行来说，说不担忧也是假的。其实用友金蝶更希望华为能有实力抢夺SAP、Oracle的市场，如果华为在高端ERP市场突破无力，掉转头可能要向下兼容，吃掉中低端市场，那么这将是用友金蝶们的危机。
但华为突围的利好在于，当前数字化浪潮已经是一个大趋势了，ERP走向泛ERP，从大型企业到中型企业，以及越来越多的中小企业都需要整体的数字化方案，覆盖的行业也将越来越多。
当市场足够大的时候，会衍生出更多的细分领域，因此而诞生细分市场的龙头，行业内可以容纳至少2个以上的巨头。Oracle与SAP会承受一定压力。如前所述，在大的数字化浪潮下，华为有可能形成新的生态圈，可能部分企业会倾向于国产替代。
ERP本质是管理输出，用友金蝶华为可能各有擅长的行业，参考华为过去进入服务器/智能车市场，其实也没有影响浪潮信息、德赛西威的发展盈利。华为要切的是高端市场，在中低端市场，用友金蝶会受到一定影响，但还是能活下来。
而高端市场本身就是国内企业无力突破的一个市场，华为要竞争的更多还是SAP和ORACLE在中高端市场的客户群体，尤其是大型国央企客户群。虽然SAP和ORACLE综合实力不容小觑，但华为也是不可小觑的变量。
总的来说，从当前华为的布局来看，用友金蝶与SAP和ORACLE都将承压，但也有一定的机会分享市场做大之后的红利，更大的压力还是在于SAP和Oracle-这一侧，而国内ERP市场也到了变天的时候了。
翻译：
Huawei’s entry into ERP has sparked heated discussion in the industry. The capital market quickly responded, Kingdee Yonyou both plunged, Yonyou almost scared the limit.
According to Huawei’s official announcement: In April this year, Huawei ERP will pledge to make its own management system metaERP software with its own operating system, database, compiler and language.
Huawei layout ERP, also brought shock to the entire industry, the industry is widely believed to Yonyou Kingdee danger. However, a Huawei source recently revealed that Huawei’s MetaERP management system is currently only for internal use, and Kingdee International is also up nearly 6%.
But from a longer perspective, Huawei from internal use to open to the outside, or an inevitable trend, Ren Zhengfei also said that in the future will become an important force in the high-end ERP market in the domestic market.
Why does Huawei want to enter ERP?
Speaking of ERP, it was originally an enterprise purchase, sales and inventory system, a set of software used to manage daily business activities, it originated in the manufacturing industry.
In the manufacturing industry, many enterprises need to enter the order through ERP system after receiving the order. The operation department needs to calculate how long it will take to execute the order, whether there is inventory, if there is no inventory, how much production needs to be calculated? Is it necessary to prepare materials? How long is the preparation cycle? How many processes are there? How many device team resources are required? Which process can be implemented when which raw materials arrive? Finally, when can the production of the order be completed and sent to the customer?
At present, ERP has developed into all walks of life, and now its function, value and application range are expanding. It is not only an enterprise purchase-sales-deposit system. Under the wave of digital transformation of domestic enterprises, a number of excellent ERP enterprises also emerged in our country, including Yonyou, Inspur, Kingdee and so on.
At present, Yonyou, Inspur and Kingdee mainly occupy the middle and low-end ERP market. The high-end market is dominated by SAP and Oracle. In 2021, SAP and Oracle will account for 53% of the high-end ERP software market.
There is still a big gap between domestic high-end ERP software technology level and product capability from overseas giants. At the beginning, some domestic enterprises will use domestic ERP software, but after the development of a certain scale, because the domestic software can not support the business needs of the enterprise, the domestic enterprise will replace the domestic ERP software with overseas software.
Huawei is like this, and in terms of the current competitive landscape, the fundamental purpose of Huawei entering this market is to survive, first of all, to satisfy its own use.
The reason why Huawei enters into the domestic high-end ERP software is also because of the shortage of domestic high-end ERP software has a sharp pain.
In the past, Huawei first bought ORACLE Apocalypse and then used SAP. However, due to the sanctions, Huawei could not use foreign software, so it had to settle for the second place. It cooperated with Yonyou ERP and started to make ERP cloud-based, and launched Huawei Cloud ERP software.
However, in the process of use, Yonyou software gradually failed to meet the requirements of Huawei. Huawei started to develop ERP by itself and finally launched meta ERP. When the news came out, Yonyou network fell by the limit.
Therefore, as can be seen from the development history of Huawei, when the domestic high-end ERP software could not meet its needs, it started to do it by itself. This in itself is the law of the market. Any industry will experience from the development dividend period to the mature period, from low-end to high-end, from low level to high-tech mode. Generally speaking, the later the market competition will be more full.
If an industry itself has a huge market demand, but the mainstream players of the industry have not been doing well, then the entry of stronger players to make the market bigger, is in line with the logic of market development and evolution.
For a long time, the domestic high-end ERP is basically dominated by SAP and Oracle. Yonyou has entered this industry for 30 years, but it has not developed the high-end market.
From the perspective of development history, both Kingdee and Yonyou started out as financial software. Small companies bought other modules from financial software when they grew up. Domestic enterprises generally used Kingdee Yonyou in the early stage. But when Kingdee Yonyou could not meet the requirements, they transferred to SAP and Oracle just like Huawei.
However, Yonyou used to imitate SAP and Oracle to develop high-end ERP. However, high-end ERP not only relies on codes and functions. But also needs the use of feedback data from companies with strong global complexity to grow again.
Because Yonyou Kingdie has been limited to the domestic market, focusing on the medium and low-end demand of small enterprises. And lacks the optimization of the usage data and management model of complicated companies. It is difficult to do as SAP does, which can cover most of the top 500 customers. With a huge multinational company, it can constantly optimize the data and management model and continuously improve its competitiveness. Yonyou Kingdee’s systems also struggle to meet the business needs of big companies like Huawei.
According to the insider of Huawei, when Huawei does ERP, first of all. It aims to meet the needs of internal use, forming a one-stop, whole-process, safe and reliable operation platform inside. In the future, it will develop more software based on this platform and then open it to the outside world.
Where is the opportunity for Huawei to break through high-end ERP?
To put it simply, Huawei’s current ERP layout is mainly for self-use, which has little impact on industry players in the short term. But the fear in the market is that every industry Huawei enters will face a shakeout in the market landscape. And the industry will become more and more vulnerable if it tries to take away the jobs of others.
In terms of the PC industry, Huawei has made all-out efforts to enter the PC market after its mobile phone business was sanctioned. In 2022, Huawei notebooks surged 89 percent. While Lenovo’s shipments fell more than 20 percent and Dell’s more than 50 percent.
Huawei’s entry into ERP should not be underestimated. From Ren Zhengfei’s disclosure, MetaERP has been applied in various departments of Huawei worldwide and has passed the test of annual settlement of general ledger use. From what Huawei mentioned, operating system, database, compiler and voice are all owned by Huawei. We can see that Huawei’s breakthrough in high-end ERP has already begun.
It remains to be seen how much pressure it will put on Oracle and SAP in the future, and how much market it will take away from them.
The advantage of Huawei is that its scale and enterprise informatization mode can help to develop heavyweight products like MetaERP. And by the way, it can export its own experience, knowledge, standards and solutions in the industry.
As mentioned above, under the tide of digitalization, the digital construction of domestic enterprises, especially large group enterprises, will become a trend in the future, which will become an important market for Huawei.
The next step is to see which companies will become the first customers of Huawei ERP. Especially the top enterprise customers. Considering the ecological expansion ability of Huawei Hongmeng intelligent cabin and intelligent solutions in the automobile industry, it is difficult for Huawei to expand the ERP market, but it is not impossible.
With the growth of SAP and Oracle, there has always been an enterprise service ecosystem. MetaERP may bring the rise of a new ecosystem.
In the past, the continuous sanctions and oppression of the United States in the field of hardware and software destroyed the fairness and trust value of the operation of the global market economy, and also made many domestic enterprises feel insecure and worried about being controlled by others in a series of monopolistic products. If the level is similar, some enterprises may prefer to make domestic substitutes.
So it gives Huawei the opportunity to expand its ecosystem.
Yonyou Kingdee pressure, or Oracle and SAP danger?
From the perspective of ERP industry, Huawei’s self-developed ERP has replaced its original ERP product (Oracle) internally, but it is not the same as Huawei MetaERP, which can be fully applicable to other industries. Whether Huawei’s self-developed ERP can run stably internally and its applicability in other industries, it still needs to be tested and optimized by time.
For a long time, the high-end ERP market has been monopolized by SAP and Oracle. In fact, it is not so easy for Huawei to break the monopoly in the high-end market, because the accumulation of the former is too deep. Oracle started out as a supply chain with more technical background and more emphasis on development flexibility. From SAP’s point of view, it is more business oriented and wins from stable and complete management philosophy, and covers most of the Top 500 customers, who are relatively more stable and more multinational companies. For well-known reasons, Huawei faces a variety of complicated problems in trying to win over these customers.
On the other hand, in the ERP industry, generally speaking, with the accumulation of ERP implementation experience and rich knowledge system, its customized development, consulting ability and value will continue to improve. From the point of view of the rigor of the solution and the applicability to different industries, SAP has no rival in the industry. From the point of view of the continuity of the system, SPA has also achieved a certain height.
While Oracle has a very strong UI advantage, user experience at the operating end has always been its advantag
While Oracle has a very strong UI advantage, user experience at the operating end has always been its advantage, secondary development is also easier to achieve, database is its strength, generally large enterprises based on stability and database storage comprehensive consideration, will choose robust Oracle. According to the latest data from IDC, Oracle has about 42% of the global relational database market share, compared with Microsoft’s 24% and IBM’s 13%.
In general, it will be hard to overtake SAP and Oracle, or take customers away from them. Huawei MateERP does not have the basis to replace SAP and Oracle on a large scale in a short period of time, so the pace should be pilot first and then fully rolled out.
For domestic counterparts, it would be false to say they are not worried. In fact, Yonyou Kingdee hopes that Huawei can have the strength to seize the market of SAP and Oracle. If Huawei fails to break through in the high-end ERP market, it may have to be downward compatible and eat the middle and low-end market, which will be a crisis for Yonyou Kingdee.
However, the advantage of Huawei’s breakthrough is that the current digital wave has been a general trend, ERP is moving to the universal ERP, from large enterprises to medium-sized enterprises, as well as more and more small and medium-sized enterprises need the overall digital solution, and the industry will be covered more and more.
When the market is large enough, more segments will be derived, thus giving birth to the market leader, the industry can accommodate at least two or more giants.
Oracle and SAP will come under pressure. As mentioned above, in the big digital wave, Huawei may form a new ecosystem, and some enterprises may prefer to make domestic substitution.
The essence of ERP is management output, Yonyou Kingdee Huawei may be good at each industry, referring to Huawei’s past entry into the server/intelligent car market, in fact, it does not affect the development and profit of Inspur Information and Desai Siwei. Huawei wants to cut into the high-end market, in the low-end market, Yonyou Kingdee will be affected to some extent, but still can survive.
The high-end market itself is a market that domestic enterprises are unable to break through. Huawei needs to compete more with SAP and ORACLE in the middle and high-end market, especially the customer groups of large state-owned enterprises. While SAP and ORACLE’s combined strength is not to be underestimated, Huawei is also a significant variable.
In general, from the perspective of the current layout of Huawei, Yonyou Kingdee, SAP and ORACLE will be under pressure, but there is also a certain opportunity to share the dividend after the market growth. The greater pressure lies in SAP and Oracle, and the domestic ERP market has also come to the time of change.
本文由数字化转型网（www.szhzxw.cn）转载而成，来源：智能新连接，作者：王新喜；编辑/翻译：数字化转型网宁檬树。
免责声明: 本网站(http://www.szhzxw.cn/)内容主要来自原创、合作媒体供稿和第三方投稿，凡在本网站出现的信息，均仅供参考。本网站将尽力确保所提供信息的准确性及可靠性，但不保证有关资料的准确性及可靠性，读者在使用前请进一步核实，并对任何自主决定的行为负责。本网站对有关资料所引致的错误、不确或遗漏，概不负任何法律责任。
本网站刊载的所有内容(包括但不仅限文字、图片、LOGO、音频、视频、软件、程序等) 版权归原作者所有。任何单位或个人认为本网站中的内容可能涉嫌侵犯其知识产权或存在不实内容时，请及时通知本站，予以删除。
