编者按：从年前丰县铁链女事件刚刚被爆出之时，编者就保持高度关注，朋友圈转发过数篇关于这个文章，因为某些媒体一直失声，编者甚至想在数字化转型网转发扩大该事情，只是我们一直是一个关注数字化行业领域的媒体，只关注数字化相关的新闻、资讯，不涉足民生社会类话题，思考再三，想一想是不是可以数字化技术来降低这种悲剧的再次发生，提供一些解决问题的思路，为社会各界人士做参考，也算是为社会做贡献了。
随着“丰县生育八孩女子”事件的持续发酵，拐卖妇女、儿童这个话题也被推上风口浪尖。关于人口贩卖，从古至今，从国内到国外，都不在少数。从对裁判文书网的检索来看，从2012年到2021年这10年来平均每年有2400多个家庭因拐卖而破碎。
一、数字化时代，打拐也需要数字化转型，通过IT技术加强针对人口贩卖的监管和执法
清华大学谢丹夏（计算机硕士、经济学博士）教授提出：
（一）构建系统、完善的“全国拐卖人口实时解救系统”。
由中央专业部门负责运行维护，并协调各相关部委和机构全力配合。
当发现妇女儿童失踪时，立刻上报到该系统。经核实后，系统向全国全网发布紧急警报，尤其向事发地区附近的手机和广播系统发出协查关注请求，其中包含涉嫌拐卖罪犯的相关特征信息。建议在手机常用APP里，与“健康宝”相似，开发和添加该系统的终端对接功能，以此可以在接收到紧急警报信息时弹出即时通知。
实际上，我国于2016年公安部已经启动儿童失踪信息紧急发布平台。建议可以以此平台为基础，扩大其服务范围，把妇女儿童拐卖也一并包含，进一步提高其中的数字技术内涵，与手机终端更好结合，充分发动群众力量。
美国和加拿大的“广播紧急回应系统”（AMBER Alert, 通称安珀警报，用于防止儿童失踪或绑架）也值得我们借鉴。
（二）借鉴新冠防疫流调方法：行程卡、二维码
“流调”为我国新冠防疫立下了汗马功劳。流调就是要搞明白：在过去每一个重要时间里，某人走过的路、遇到的人和发生的那些事儿。用专业术语来讲，流调就是要弄明白传染病流行病学三间分布，即：时间分布、地区分布、人群分布，以求发现规律，采取措施，控制疫情。
流调中收集的重要信息有：近期行程情况。包括14天内具体行程、是否去过重点地区、接触过谁（与谁共同生活、学习、工作、娱乐或其他近距离接触、是不是采取了有效防护措施）、交通工具、同行人员等。对被拐卖人口（亲戚朋友）和人贩子嫌犯都应展开类似“流调”，也可简称为“拐调”。
先进的信息技术如大数据行程卡等，与“拐调”和“全国拐卖人口实时解救系统”相配合，通过追踪最相关的人员的接触信息和地理位置，相信可以大大提高追踪、解救被拐人口的效率，提高破案率，有助于更快将人贩子抓获、绳之以法。
（三）大数据与AI技术分析人口拐卖
数据是数字经济的血液。基于失踪或被拐卖人口（近亲）的DNA数据，人贩子嫌犯的相关特征信息，人口贩卖高发地（包括被拐卖地区和收买地区）信息，以及上述“拐调”信息，充分使用大数据分析技术；应用开发有针对性的人工智能机器学习方法，在分析已有大量案例基础上，可有效预测可能的人贩子嫌犯及收买人的地理位置。先进数字技术可以大大减少对人口拐卖的追捕成本，提高搜寻、解救和抓捕效率，让人口拐卖犯罪无处遁形。
（四）为系统有效运行制定配套的激励机制
有了先进数字技术系统的强力支撑，有效执行最终还要靠人。对于“全国拐卖人口实时解救系统”终端用户，以及相关举报拐卖（包括贩卖和收买）的群众，要有足够的物质奖励，可以将收缴人贩子和收买人的罚金中的相当一部分用于奖励相关举报和协助人员。二、通过AI识别技术，可以实现跨年龄人脸追踪，能够让被拐卖儿童更容易找回
香港中文大学终身教授贾佳亚（博士）教授说，当我们用肉眼去看一张照片时，尤其是在海关或者安检等需要比对人脸的场景下，人脑的识别能力其实是蛮有限的。人的脸型在发育成长过程中会发生巨大变化，我们涉足这个领域属于无心插柳之举——当技术已经到了一定地步之后，我们想看看能不能做跨年龄的人脸识别，是从纯技术的角度出发来做的。
从儿童到成年，大家的脸型可能会非常直达，想要去追踪它的变化过程，不能用人去追踪，而需要靠一些算法，去寻找变化的普适性。我们的技术有一定的成效，在寻找失踪儿童公益项目里，通过成人人脸和儿童照片比对来去寻找失踪儿童，很多个成功的寻回案例，有些人与家人失散的时间有的超过了七年，有的甚至长达十几年，所以这还是蛮有震撼力的。
三、使用区块链技术，存储数字身份提供明显更高的抓住人贩的机会
早在2019年，联合国与就世界身份网络（WIN，World IdenTIty Network）合作开发区块链身份试点，旨在遏制贩卖儿童。其文件显示，在区块链上存储数字身份提供“明显更高的抓住人贩的机会”。另外在不可篡改的账本上保护身份数据将使贩卖人口活动“更加可追溯和可预防”。
联合国妇女事务副执行主任Yannick Glemarec说，“贩卖儿童是最大的人权侵犯之一”，区块链是“潜在强大的”技术，可以解决这个人口贩卖问题，可能挽救“数百万儿童”。
四、打拐也需数字化转型
不知道是否还有人记得2004年上映的电影《亲爱的》，这是一部根据真实故事改编电影，剧中被拐孩子父母的数年追寻和痛苦，让无数观众落泪，电影的结局终究是回归到了美好的一面。而”铁链女“的结局可无法像电影结局那么美好，她的一生都活在了黑暗之中。
虽然互联网的到来让我们沟通、生活更加方便，但信息安全的隐患也在增加，给人贩子也打开了新的渠道。近几年数字经济被提升到国策的高度，国家也在积极推动企业进行数字化变革，而我们是否也应该思考把相关技术也运用到社会治理层面，通过IT技术去做打拐的数字化转型，以此去降低人口贩卖犯罪率，甚至最终能够彻底根除人口贩卖这个文明社会的“毒瘤？
翻译：
Editor’s note: Since the incident of Fengxian Chain female was just broke out before the year, the editor has kept a high level of attention, and the circle of friends forwarded several articles about this article. Because some media have been losing their voice, the editor even wants to forward and expand this matter in the digital transformation network, but we have been a media concerned about the digital industry, only focusing on digital-related news and information. Do not get involved in social topics related to people’s livelihood, think again and again, think about whether digital technology can reduce the recurrence of this tragedy, provide some ideas to solve the problem, for people from all walks of life as a reference, but also make a contribution to the society.
With the continuing ferment of the “Fengxian eight-child woman” incident, the topic of trafficking of women and children has also been pushed to the forefront. About human trafficking, from ancient times, from home to abroad, are not a small number. According to a search on the court documents website, from 2012 to 2021, an average of 2,400 families were broken up every year due to trafficking.
First, in the digital age, the fight against human trafficking also needs a digital transformation, through IT technology to strengthen the supervision and law enforcement against human trafficking
Professor Xie Danxia of Tsinghua University (Master of Computer Science, Doctor of Economics) proposed:
(1) Establishing a systematic and complete “National real-time Rescue System for Human Trafficking”.
The central professional department is responsible for operation and maintenance, and coordinate all relevant ministries and agencies to fully cooperate.
When women and children are found missing, they are immediately reported to the system. After verification, the system issues an emergency alert to the entire national network, especially to mobile phones and broadcasting systems in the vicinity of the incident, which contains relevant characteristics of the suspected trafficker. It is suggested to develop and add the terminal docking function of this system in the commonly used APP of mobile phone, similar to “Health Treasure”, so that instant notification can pop up when receiving emergency alarm information.
In fact, the Ministry of Public Security launched an emergency platform for releasing missing children information in 2016. It is suggested that based on this platform, the scope of its services can be expanded to include the abduction of women and children, so as to further improve the connotation of digital technology, better integrate with mobile phone terminals, and fully mobilize the power of the masses.
The broadcast emergency response system (AMBER Alert, which is used to prevent the disappearance or abduction of children) in the US and Canada is also worth learning from.
(2) Learn from the COVID-19 epidemic prevention and control method: travel card, two-dimensional code
Liu Diao has made great contributions to the prevention of COVID-19 in China. Flow is about understanding where one has been, who one has met, and what has happened at every significant time in the past. In terms of technical terms, it is to understand the three distribution of infectious disease epidemiology, namely: time distribution, regional distribution and population distribution, in order to find the rule, take measures to control the epidemic situation.
Some of the important information collected during the flow check is: recent trips. It includes the specific itinerary within 14 days, whether you have been to key areas, who you have contacted (with whom you live, study, work, play or have other close contact, whether you have taken effective protective measures), transportation, and people you travel with. A similar “Liuzhou”, also known as “guttiao” for short, should be carried out for both abducted people (relatives and friends) and suspected traffickers.
Advanced information technologies such as big data travel cards, in conjunction with the “Guai Tiu” and the “National Human Trafficking Real-time Rescue System”, by tracking the contact information and geographical location of the most relevant persons, we believe that the efficiency of tracking and rescuing abducted people can be greatly improved, and the detection rate can be increased, which will help to bring traffickers to justice and arrest more quickly.
(3) Big data and AI technology to analyze human trafficking
Data is the blood of the digital economy. Make full use of big data analysis technology based on DNA data of missing or trafficked persons (close relatives), relevant characteristics of suspected traffickers, information of high incidence of human trafficking (including trafficked areas and bought areas), and the above-mentioned “trafficking” information; Based on the analysis of a large number of existing cases, the targeted AI machine learning method can effectively predict the geographical location of possible suspected traffickers and buyers. Advanced digital technology can greatly reduce the cost of pursuing human trafficking, improve the efficiency of search, rescue and arrest, and make human trafficking crimes nowhere to hide.
(4) Formulate a supporting incentive mechanism for the effective operation of the system
With the power of advanced digital technology systems, effective execution ultimately depends on people. The end users of the “National Human Trafficking Real-time Rescue System” and people who report human trafficking (including trafficking and buying) should be given sufficient material rewards, and a considerable part of the fines collected from traffickers and buyers can be used to reward relevant informants and helpers. Second, facial tracking across ages can be realized through AI recognition technology, which makes it easier to find abducted children
Professor Jia Jia Ya (PhD), a tenured professor at the Chinese University of Hong Kong, said that the human brain’s ability to recognize a picture when we look at it with the naked eye is quite limited, especially in situations where faces need to be compared, such as at customs or security checks. The shape of the face changes dramatically as we develop, and we got into this by accident — when the technology got to the point where we wanted to see if we could do face recognition across ages, it was from a purely technical point of view.
From children to adults, everyone’s face shape may be very direct, want to track its change process, not human to track, but need to rely on some algorithms, to find the universality of change. Our technology has some effect. In the public welfare project for Missing Children, we find missing children by comparing adult faces with children’s photos. There are many successful cases of missing children being found.
- Using blockchain technology, storing digital identities offers significantly higher chances of catching human traffickers
Back in 2019, the United Nations partnered with WIN (World IdenTIty Network) to develop a blockchain Identity pilot aimed at curbing child trafficking. Storing digital identities on blockchain offers “significantly higher chances of catching human traffickers”, according to its documents. And protecting identity data on immutable books would make trafficking “more traceable and preventable”.
Yannick Glemarec, deputy executive director for UN Women, said that “child trafficking is one of the biggest human rights violations” and that blockchain was “potentially powerful” technology that could tackle this trafficking problem and potentially save “millions of children”.
Fourth, anti-trafficking also needs digital transformation
I don’t know if anyone still remembers the movie Dear released in 2004. It was a film adapted from a true story. The years of searching and suffering of the parents of an abducted child in the film made countless viewers cry, but the ending of the film returned to the bright side after all. But the ending of “Chained Woman” is not as happy as the movie ending, her life is in the dark.
Although the advent of the Internet has made our communication and life more convenient, the hidden dangers of information security have also increased, opening new channels for human traffickers. In recent years, digital economy has been promoted to the height of national policy, and the country is actively promoting enterprises to carry out digital reform. Should we also think about applying relevant technologies to the level of social governance, and carry out digital transformation of anti-trafficking through IT technology, so as to reduce the crime rate of human trafficking, and finally eradicate the cancer of human trafficking in civilized society?
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