一、经济社会发展赋予电信业新使命
“转型”是电信业延续了多年的话题。当前，经济社会数字化发展与信息通信行业高质量发展赋予了电信业数字化转型新驱动，电信运营商承担数字化时代新使命、把握数字化时代新机遇，开启了数字化转型新征程，积极升级云网基础设施、打造新业务新模式，赋能经济社会数字化发展。
孙路遥表示，我国电信业数字化转型已初见成效。2021年不仅电信业收入增速达到了超预期的8%，新业务的收入增长贡献率也超过了60%，电信业收入增长已不再单纯依赖于传统管道业务。
当前，数字社会发展赋予了电信业新的使命。在数字化深刻影响经济社会发展的大背景下，电信业作为基础性、战略性、先导性产业，在社会主义现代化建设进程中需要承担新使命，主要体现在五个方面：数字中国要求电信业做好新型数字基础设施者和新型信息服务提供者；国际竞争形式要求电信业承载起自主创新和国家安全保障的使命；互联网健康发展要求电信业发挥规范有序创新健康发展的主体作用；数据要求市场的发展需要电信业勇当数据要素价值挖掘的实践者。
二、产业技术变革带来电信业转型新挑战
孙路遥指出，电信运营商的数字化转型发展脱离不开其所在的信息通信行业的发展和趋势。信息通信行业发展的趋势可以从基础设施、业务发展和生态演进三个维度去描述。
在基础设施维度，从传统通信网络向新型数字基础设施拓展，呈现出云化、融合化、智能化趋势，这对电信运营商的基础设施建设运营提出了新要求。在业务维度，消费互联网业务和产业数字化业务不断创新，网络连接业务升级，业务整体呈现出多样化、专业化趋势，这为电信运营商业务转型提供了新方向。在生态维度，产业生态从各类主体“划桨而治”到新主题不断出现，各主体间相互融合、相互竞争，呈现出碎片化、融合化趋势，竞合成为关键词，这给电信运营商核心能力构建带来了新挑战。
三、电信业数字化转型发展探索
在上述经济社会和技术产业发展趋势下，电信业的数字产业化和产业数字化双重属性不断凸显。数字化转型对电信业发展具有重要意义，我国电信运营商也在积极深化数字化转型。
孙路遥坦言，电信业数字化转型的意义重大，数字化转型是电信业把握数字经济发展趋势和规律，获得可持续发展的关键路径。数字化转型发展的新阶段。我国电信运营商当前的数字化转型重点是将数字化转型全面渗透至业务发展、基础设施建设和运营支撑等层面，同时，持续推进相关领域的管理变革作为数字化转型的保障。
信息通信业务的多样化、专业化为运营商发展提供了新方向。为此，电信运营商积极推进业务转型。经过不断的创新探索，电信运营商在业务转型层面已经取得了三方面的进展。转型成效方面，数字显示，2021年，新业务收入增长贡献超过了60%；2021年运营商新业务收入占比28.6%。转型方向方面，新业务和主业务强相关。转型模式方面，业务牵引组织机制优化。在组织形式方面，成立了专业公司，对新业务进行专业化运营。体制机制方面，推挤你市场化薪酬激励、扁平化组织架构、内外部联合人才培育。
我国电信运营商的业务转型取得了一定成效。在消费互联网领域，经过多年市场选择和洗礼，与主业充分协同的业务获得了持续发展；产业数字化领域，电信运营商加大投入，基于传统资源优势，积极向云计算、大数据、系统集成等上层业务拓展，并获得一定规模。
当前，数字中国高质量发展对信息基础设施能力提出新要求，运营商在产业数字化领域的业务探索需要强大的运往支撑。电信运营商不断推动云网演进升级，网络云化、网络智能化运维、绿色节能等典型场景案例开始出现，云网基础设施实现快速变革。
在基础设施简洁化、云化、融合化趋势下，电信运营商有序推进网络软件化和算网一体，网络功能逐渐虚拟化，物理网元向云化网元演进，设备形态向通用硬件演进，网络向控制转发分离演进，云网融合程度逐步加深。
网络云化给传统网络运维体系带来新挑战，需要更加智能敏捷的运维手段。产业数字化领域行业用户对快速响应、自管理需求较公众客户更加旺盛。
电信运营商的基础设施升级也已经取得阶段性成果。积极推进网络软件化、虚拟化、云网融合，支撑业务转型的效果出现，也在网络侧初步显现出降本增效的成果。但是，电信运营商的云网升级还需要长期努力，坚持不懈。
电信运营商企业上下已经广泛接受数字化发展理念，从业务端发起数字化需求的数字化假设路径已经逐渐形成，并通过持续不断地迭代创新实现数字化演进，支撑企业高质量发展，其转型经验对于国有企业数字化转型具有重要的借鉴意义。
为满足一线业务与市场高效服务需求，运营商普遍选择构建统一的数字底座和中台体系。由于治理结构和历史轨迹差异，不同电信运营商推动IT集约化的方式略有不同。与此同时，运营商在组织和人才培养方面不断创新，以支撑IT集约化建设。同时，基于统一的数字化底座，集合AI和大数据技术能力，可以衍生出大量智慧应用，服务企业治理和生产经营的各环节，对内提升企业管理效率和决策效率，对外提升营销效率和服务水平。整体来看，电信运营商的智慧运营取得了较好进展。电信运营商通过IT集约化和云化、智慧应用，实现运营效率有效提升。
孙路遥总结道：“电信运营商做出上述转型探索，并取得一定成效，主要源于“五个坚持”：一是坚持长期投入。敏锐感知技术演进、需求升级和生态变革趋势，持续推进数字化转型，不断赋予数字化转型新内涵。二是坚持战略牵引。紧抓数字化转型机遇，塑造数字化转型文化，体系化推进数字化转型。三是坚持因企施策。充分挖掘、巩固、延伸自身优势发展潜力，探索差异化转型路径。四是坚持改革创新。优化组织机制、制定有吸引力人才策略，着力提升自由核心技术研发能力。五是坚持开放合作。建立良好的产业生态，联合产业链上下游协同攻坚。支撑数字化转型发展。”
翻译：
I. Economic and social development has endowed the telecommunications industry with a new mission
“Transformation” has been a talking point in the telecoms industry for years. At present, the digital development of the economy and society and the high-quality development of the information and communication industry have endowed the telecom industry with a new drive for digital transformation. The telecom operators have undertaken the new mission of the digital era, seized the new opportunities of the digital era, started a new journey of digital transformation, actively upgraded the cloud network infrastructure, created new business models, and enabled the digital development of the economy and society.
Sun Luyao said that the country’s telecom industry digital transformation has begun to see results. In 2021, not only did the telecom industry’s revenue growth rate reach an exceeding 8%, but the contribution rate of new business revenue growth also exceeded 60%. The telecom industry’s revenue growth is no longer solely dependent on the traditional pipeline business.
At present, the development of digital society has given the telecommunication industry a new mission. In the context of the profound impact of digitalization on economic and social development, the telecommunications industry, as a basic, strategic and leading industry, needs to undertake a new mission in the process of socialist modernization, which is mainly reflected in five aspects: Digital China requires the telecommunications industry to be a new digital infrastructure provider and a new information service provider; International competition requires the telecom industry to carry the mission of independent innovation and national security. The healthy development of the Internet requires the telecommunications industry to play a major role in standardizing, orderly, innovating and developing healthily. The development of data demand market requires the telecom industry to be the practitioner of data element value mining.
Ii. Industrial technological change brings new challenges to the transformation of telecommunications industry
Sun Luyao pointed out that the digital transformation development of telecom operators is inseparable from the development and trend of the information and communication industry in which they are located. The development trend of information communication industry can be described from three dimensions: infrastructure, business development and ecological evolution.
In the dimension of infrastructure, the expansion from traditional communication network to new digital infrastructure presents a trend of cloud, integration and intelligence, which puts forward new requirements for the infrastructure construction and operation of telecom operators. In the business dimension, consumer Internet business and industrial digital business continue to innovate, network connection business upgrades, the overall business presents a trend of diversification and specialization, which provides a new direction for the business transformation of telecom operators. In the ecological dimension, the industry ecology has changed from various subjects “governing by paddling” to new themes, with various subjects integrating and competing with each other, showing a trend of fragmentation and integration, with competition and integration becoming the key words, which brings new challenges to the construction of telecom operators’ core competence.
Iii. Exploration of digital transformation and development of telecommunications industry
Under the development trend of economic society and technology industry above, the dual attributes of digital industrialization and industry digitalization of telecommunications industry continue to highlight. Digital transformation is of great significance to the development of telecom industry. Chinese telecom operators are also actively deepening digital transformation.
Sun Luyao frankly said that the digital transformation of the telecommunications industry is of great significance, and the digital transformation is the key path for the telecommunications industry to grasp the development trend and law of the digital economy and achieve sustainable development. A new stage in the development of digital transformation. The current digital transformation focus of Chinese telecom operators is to fully penetrate the digital transformation into the level of business development, infrastructure construction and operation support, and at the same time, continue to promote the management changes in related fields as the guarantee of digital transformation.
The diversification and specialization of information and communication services provide a new direction for the development of operators. Therefore, telecom operators actively promote business transformation. Through continuous innovation and exploration, telecom operators have made progress in three aspects of business transformation. In terms of transformation results, the figures show that new business revenue growth contributed more than 60% in 2021; In 2021, operators’ new business revenue accounted for 28.6%. In terms of transformation direction, the new business is strongly related to the main business. In terms of transformation mode, business traction organization mechanism is optimized. In terms of organizational form, professional companies have been set up to conduct professional operation of new businesses. In terms of system and mechanism, it pushes you to market salary incentive, flat organizational structure, internal and external joint talent cultivation.
Our country telecom carrier’s service transformation has obtained certain effect. In the field of consumer Internet, after years of market selection and baptism, the business fully coordinated with the main business has achieved sustainable development; In the field of industrial digitalization, telecom operators have increased investment, and based on their advantages in traditional resources, actively expanded to cloud computing, big data, system integration and other upper-level businesses, and obtained a certain scale.
At present, the high-quality development of digital China has put forward new requirements for information infrastructure capabilities, and operators need strong transportation support for their business exploration in the field of industrial digitalization. Telecom operators continue to promote the evolution and upgrading of the cloud network, and typical scenarios such as cloud network, intelligent network operation and maintenance, and green energy saving begin to appear, and the cloud network infrastructure realizes rapid change.
Under the trend of infrastructure simplification, cloud and integration, telecom operators orderly promote network software and computing network integration. Network functions are gradually virtualized, physical network elements evolve to cloud network elements, device forms evolve to general hardware, networks evolve to control and forward separation, and the degree of cloud network integration is gradually deepened.
The network cloud brings new challenges to the traditional network operation and maintenance system, which requires more intelligent and agile operation and maintenance means. In the field of industrial digitalization, the demand of industry users for quick response and self-management is more vigorous than that of public customers.
Telecom operators have also made progress in upgrading their infrastructure. Actively promote the network software, virtualization, cloud network integration, support the effect of business transformation, and initially show the results of cost reduction and efficiency on the network side. However, telecom operators need to upgrade the cloud network for a long time, unremitting efforts.
Telecom operators have widely accepted the concept of digital development, the digital assumption path of initiating digital demand from the business side has gradually formed, and through continuous iterative innovation to achieve digital evolution, support the high-quality development of enterprises, whose transformation experience has important reference significance for the digital transformation of state-owned enterprises.
In order to meet the needs of first-line services and efficient service in the market, operators generally choose to build a unified digital base and mid-platform system. Due to differences in governance structure and historical track, different telecom operators have slightly different ways to promote IT intensification. At the same time, operators continue to innovate in organization and talent training to support the construction of IT intensification. At the same time, based on the unified digital base, combined with AI and big data technical capabilities, a large number of intelligent applications can be derived to serve all links of enterprise governance and production and operation, improve the internal management efficiency and decision-making efficiency of enterprises, and improve the external marketing efficiency and service level. On the whole, the smart operation of telecom operators has made good progress. Through IT intensification, cloud and intelligent application, telecom operators can effectively improve operation efficiency.
Sun Luyao concluded: “Telecom operators have made the above transformation exploration and achieved certain results, mainly from the” five insistence “: first, adhere to long-term investment. Keenly aware of the trend of technological evolution, demand upgrading and ecological change, continue to promote digital transformation, and constantly give new connotation to digital transformation. Second, we will maintain strategic traction. Grasp the opportunities of digital transformation, shape the culture of digital transformation, and systematically promote digital transformation. Third, we will adopt policies based on the needs of enterprises. We will fully tap, consolidate and extend our development potential, and explore differentiated transformation paths. Fourth, reform and innovation. Optimize the organizational mechanism, formulate attractive talent strategy, and focus on improving the ability of free core technology research and development. Fifth, stay committed to openness and cooperation. Establish a good industrial ecology, joint industrial chain upstream and downstream collaborative attack. Support the development of digital transformation.”
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