从“十三五”规划纲要正式将“数字中国”上升为国家战略开始，数字技术逐渐全面应用于中国各领域的建设。国务院印发的《“十四五”数字经济发展规划》强调，推进教育新型基础设施建设，推动“互联网+教育”持续健康发展，教育领域的数字化改革逐渐加速。教育数字化转型的内涵之一是系统性变革，要推动智慧教育生态的形成和发展。数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
近日，本刊专访了教育部教育信息化战略研究基地（北京）主任、北京师范大学智慧学习研究院院长黄荣怀，黄教授就推动教育数字化转型、构建智慧教育新生态进行了深度阐释。数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
黄荣怀
教育部教育信息化战略研究基地（北京）主任，北京师范大学智慧学习研究院院长，互联网教育智能技术及应用国家工程研究中心主任。主要从事智慧学习环境、人工智能与教育、教育技术、知识工程、技术支持的创新教学模式等领域的研究。数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
记 者：信息技术高速发展的时代，数字化转型升级势在必行。您是怎么理解教育数字化转型的？
黄荣怀：通常认为，数字化转型是在数字化转换（或数码化）、数字化升级基础上的一次系统性变革，教育数字化转型是指持续利用数字化、网络化和智能化的技术及手段变革教育系统的过程。包括设计和开发数字化资源以丰富学习内容和学习者的适应性选择；利用数字工具、互联网环境和信息平台优化和变革教育教学过程，并改善学习者的体验；利用数据资源和可信算法提升教育决策的效果和效率等。
教育数字化转型是教育信息化的特殊阶段，要实现从起步、应用和融合数字技术，到树立数字化意识和思维、培养数字化能力和方法、构建智慧教育发展生态、形成数字治理体系和机制。数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
教育数字化转型有四个重要目标：一是充分应用数字化技术改变传统的工作思路和流程，树立数字化意识，实现数字思维引领的价值转型。
二是教师、学生及教育管理者的数字化能力培养，这是数字化转型的基本能力
三是构建智慧教育发展新生态，涉及数字战略与体系规划、新型基础设施建设、技术支持的教学方法变革、技术赋能的创新评价等。
四是形成数字化治理体系和机制，对教育治理的体制机制、方式流程、手段工具进行全方位系统性重塑。
在国家教育信息化政策的推动下，在教育系统和社会各界的共同努力下，我国的教育信息化在基础设施、数字资源、信息平台、应用探索等方面取得了突破性进展，如全国中小学互联网接入率已达100%；“三通两平台”“三全两高一大”等行动持续推进；数字资源供给质量显著提升等数字化转换已达到了较高水平。
数字化升级工作正稳步推进，从泛在互联、数据资源、平台云化等方面为教育赋能，如网络安全支撑体系持续优化；管理信息化工作机制基本建立；解决难点问题能力大大增强等。数字化转型正逐渐成为教育数字化改革的重心，从环境智联、数字孪生、形态重塑等方面，推动全领域、全要素、全流程、全业务的数字化意识和数字化思维深化。数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
记 者：教育数字化转型中有哪些需要重点关注的内容呢？
黄荣怀：教育数字化转型的框架需要关注的内容主要包括：可持续发展的数字化转型需要在教育系统中实施全要素、全流程、全业务和全领域的数字化进程；确保业务链互通，数据及信息链共享和各要素协同发展；充分利用云计算、大数据、物联网、区块链和人工智能等新一代信息技术；充分发挥数据在招生与选拔、教学与课程、研究与管理、升学与毕业等环节的作用，推动教育更高水平地发展。
基础教育公平问题、教考衔接问题、学业水平考试定位、命题新理念落地、评分质量提升等问题都需要面对。我们今天的教育信息化到底有没有效？一个最现实的现象是考试、阅读的全是纸质教材，而在课堂上呈现的是数字化内容，这本身就是一种鸿沟的表现。我们亟需进行基于知识图谱的新型教材建设研究。
数字化教材是一种以数字形态存在、可装载于数字终端阅读、动态更新内容、可及时记录交互轨迹的新型学习材料，数字化教材的建设有赖于从编辑加工、内容审核、出版发行到教学使用支持服务等环节的全流程数字化。我们还要警惕算法偏见与通用语言能力衰减问题。数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
这里涉及一个全纳教育或包容性教育概念，全纳教育是通过增加学习、文化与社区参与，减少教育系统内外的排斥，关注并满足所有学习者多样化需求的过程；全纳教育以覆盖所有适龄儿童为共识，以正规系统负责教育所有儿童为信念，它涉及教育内容、教育途径、教育结构与教育战略的变革与调整。
全纳教育不是一个如何让部分学生融入主流的小问题，它是考查如何改革教育系统和其他学习环境以适应学习者多样性的一种方法，使教师和学生都能接纳多样性并视之为机会，视之为学习环境的丰富，而不是问题。
记 者：国家智慧教育平台正式上线，是教育数字化战略行动取得的阶段性成果。您怎么看？数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
黄荣怀：十年树木，百年树人。教育发展是一个平稳、缓慢的过程，教育的变革也是相当有难度的，关于智慧教育有四个典型关键词：智能校园、规模化教育与个性化培养、新服务业态、教育治理方式变革，利用信息化技术的手段提供了很好的突破口。
校园网、数字校园、智慧校园、智能校园，尽管名称概念不断地变化，但是每一个阶段的变化都有其现实内涵，尤其是人工智能时代的到来，学习时空高速演变，学习环境正从封闭走向开放，传统学习环境需要升级改造，实现数据共享、设备协同、知识互联、群智融合，使学习环境能自我适应、不断优化。
教育部办公厅关于“智慧教育示范区”建设项目推荐遴选工作，已经启动了三年，北京市的东城区、海淀区分别进入了名单内。数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
“智慧教育示范区”建设项目有六项建设任务，包括以课程和实践为核心建构师生信息素养全面提升的途径和机制、探索新型教学模式以推动信息技术与教育教学实践的深度融合、依托学习过程数据提高学生综合素质评价的精准、构建数据互联融通的个性化教学支持服务、采用协同创新机制提升区域教育资源供给服务能力、利用人工智能和大数据等新技术提升现代教育治理能力。
《“十四五”数字经济发展规划》提出“深入推进智慧教育”，强调推进教育新型基础设施建设，深入推进智慧教育示范区建设，推动“互联网+教育”持续健康发展。
从国家层面来说，重点是加强国家智慧教育公共服务平台建设，制定教育大数据确权、开放、对接和保护制度，促进各级各类教育公共服务平台和资源平台间的数据融通。例如，国家中小学智慧教育平台边建边用，不断增强功能、扩充资源、提高服务水平，对支撑疫情期间“停课不停学”、促进学生平时的自主学习及教师改进课堂教学等发挥了重要作用。数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
从区域层面来说，重点是整合优化教育数字化组织机构，建立信息、知识、资源交换机制，促进区域内机构间业务的高效协同；充分利用国家智慧教育公共服务平台，不断扩大覆盖范围和应用对象，提升基层教育机构的教育信息化服务能力和效率；创新数字教育资源开发和共享机制，优化校内外数字教育资源供给渠道，满足多元化的教育需求；充分利用智能技术感知、预测和预警校园安全运行情况，及时把握师生认知及身心变化，主动、及时、精准地作出决策，加强数字化培训服务和青少年数字化学习产品治理，形成教育数字化治理新策略和新能力。数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
智慧教育应该是教育数字化转型的目标形态，旨在构建智慧的学习环境，变革传统的教与学方式，催生智能时代的教育制度，构建由国家、区域和学校提供的高学习体验、高内容适配性和高教学效率的教育系统。在科技与智慧教育双向赋能方面，我国有自信走在世界前列。数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
记 者：您提到教育数字化转型的战略意义与数字中国、数字经济同脉，是教育主动适应新一轮科技革命的趋势。请结合数字教育化转型路径谈谈您的观点？
黄荣怀：2022年1月16日，《求是》杂志发表习近平总书记重要文章《不断做强做优做大我国数字经济》，提到充分发挥海量数据和丰富应用场景优势，要促进数字技术和实体经济深度融合，赋能传统产业转型升级，催生新产业新业态新模式，不断做强做优做大我国数字经济。
国务院印发的《“十四五”数字经济发展规划》从顶层设计上明确了我国数字经济的发展目标、重点任务和重大举措，是“十四五”时期推动我国数字经济发展的行动纲领。数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
去年，浙江省最早做出了数字化改革总体方案，提到数字化改革是“最多跑一次”改革和政府数字化转型基础上的迭代深化。2021年3月16日，浙江省教育厅发布《浙江省教育领域数字化改革工作方案》，综合运用数字化技术、数字化思维、数字化认知，对教育治理的体制机制、组织架构、方式流程、手段工具进行全方位系统性重塑，高效构建教育治理新平台、新机制、新模式。贯通各教育阶段、覆盖各治理场景的教育大数据逐步丰富，适应数字时代的全民学习体系持续完善，数字化、空间化、一体化的教育治理能力基本形成。
2021年11月10日，上海市教委发布《上海市教育数字化转型实施方案（2021-2023）》提出，要形成一批高质量、可复制、可推广的教育数字化转型经验和示范；积极探索教育数字化“新环境、新体系、新平台、新模式、新评价”建设。包括创新教育场景示范应用、推进教育新基建、打造教育数字基座、创新教育资源建设模式、推进教育管理业务流程再造、加强数字化转型研究等8项任务。
20世纪90年代，我本人比较早地参与到了北京智慧教育、校园网的建设中。北京教育信息化转型之路经历过一些重要的节点，2001年北京开始中小学“校校通”工程；2005年《首都教育2010发展纲要》将教育信息化的发展提上了北京未来教育发展的日程。数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
2011年北京市首次提出在“十二五”期间促进信息技术与教育教学的深层次融合；2012年北京市中小学建设三年行动计划提出推进优质教育资源数字化建设；2015年数字化教育资源共享体系已经能够提供1万余节基础教育国家课程；2016年北京市“十三五”规划提出将培育“互联网+教育”的新型发展形态。
2018年《北京教育信息化三年行动计划(2018-2020年)》强调深度融合、创新应用、顶层设计、信息素养的新目标和任务；2021年提出建设北京教育云的构想，《北京市“十四五”时期教育改革和发展规划（2021-2025年）》将数字教育的推进作为主要目标之一，推进教育与现代科技深度融合发展。
我认为，第一，在“数字中国”“智慧社会”和“教育强国”的国家战略背景下，教育数字化转型将成为我国教育改革与发展的战略选择。
第二，我们应该有一个认识，作为教育现代化的关键支撑和引领，过去十年我国教育信息化的成绩斐然，整体上应该已经接近国际先进水平，其成就与经验在国际上也逐渐被认同和借鉴。数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
第三，面对高质量教育体系建设和可持续发展的新要求，数字化转型需要在教育系统中实施全要素、全流程、全业务和全领域的数字化进程，并确保业务链互通、数据及信息链共享和各要素协同发展。
第四，教育数字化转型的整体效果取决于教育改革与发展的潜在短板，包括教材的数字化程度、学与教评价的智能升级、乡村与民族地区的教学质量提升、智能技术与教育的融合成效等。数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
第五，构建区域智慧教育新生态，需要教育的数字化转型与系统性变革，包括教育数字底座的筑牢、师生的数字素养与技能提升、多元的教育服务供给、教育教学模式的迭代创新、智能技术驱动的教育治理和跨部门跨层级的协同推进机制等。
翻译：
Since the outline of the 13th Five-Year Plan officially elevated “Digital China” as a national strategy. Digital technology has gradually been comprehensively applied in the construction of various fields in China. The 14th Five-Year Plan for the Development of Digital Economy issued by The State Council emphasizes that the construction of new infrastructure for education and the sustainable and healthy development of “Internet + education” are promoted. And the digital reform in the field of education is gradually accelerated. One of the connotations of education digital transformation is systematic reform. Which should promote the formation and development of intelligent education ecology.
Recently, this newspaper interviewed Huang Ronghuai, director of the Strategic Research Base of Education Informatization (Beijing) of the Ministry of Education and director of the Smart Learning Institute of Beijing Normal University. Professor Huang gave an in-depth explanation on promoting the digital transformation of education and building a new ecology of smart education.
Huang Ronghuai数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
Director of Education Informatization Strategic Research Base (Beijing), Ministry of Education. Director of Intelligent Learning Institute, Beijing Normal University. Director of National Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Technology and Application of Internet Education. His research interests include intelligent learning environment, artificial intelligence and education, educational technology, knowledge engineering, and innovative teaching mode supported by technology.
Reporter: In the era of rapid development of information technology, digital transformation and upgrading is imperative. How do you understand the digital transformation of education?
Huang Ronghuai: It is generally believed that digital transformation is a systematic change based on digital transformation (or digitization) and digital upgrading. Digital transformation of education refers to the process of continuous use of digital, networked and intelligent technologies and means to transform the education system. Including the design and development of digital resources to enrich the learning content and learners’ adaptive choice; Using digital tools, Internet environments and information platforms to optimize and transform educational and teaching processes and improve learner experiences; Using data resources and trusted algorithms to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of educational decision-making.数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
The digital transformation of education is a special stage of education informatization, which should be realized from the start, application and integration of digital technology, to the establishment of digital consciousness and thinking, the cultivation of digital ability and methods, the construction of intelligent education development ecology, and the formation of digital governance system and mechanism.
The digital transformation of education has four important goals:
First, make full use of digital technology to change the traditional working ideas and processes, establish digital consciousness, and realize the value transformation led by digital thinking.数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
The second is the cultivation of digital ability of teachers, students and educational administrators. Which is the basic ability of digital transformation
The third is to build a new ecology for the development of smart education, involving digital strategy and system planning, new infrastructure construction, technological support teaching method reform, technological enabling innovation evaluation, etc.
Fourth, form a digital governance system and mechanism. And comprehensively and systematically reshape the institutions, mechanisms, methods, processes, means and tools of education governance.数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
Driven by the national education informatization policy and the joint efforts of the education system and all walks of life. China’s education informatization has made breakthroughs in infrastructure, digital resources, information platforms, application exploration and other aspects. For example, the Internet access rate of primary and secondary schools in China has reached 100%. “Three links and two platforms”, “three cities, two high buildings and one high school” and other initiatives continued to advance. Digital transformation has reached a higher level. Such as the quality of digital resources supply has been significantly improved.数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
Digital upgrading work is progressing steadily, enabling education from the aspects of ubiquitous interconnection, data resources, platform cloud, etc., such as continuous optimization of network security support system; The working mechanism of management informatization has been basically established; The ability to solve difficult problems is greatly enhanced. Digital transformation is gradually becoming the focus of education digital reform. From the aspects of environmental intelligence, digital twinning and form reshaping, digital consciousness and digital thinking of all fields, all elements, all processes and all businesses are promoted to deepen.
Reporter: What should we focus on in the digital transformation of education?
Huang Ronghuai: The framework of education digital transformation needs to pay attention to mainly include:. The digital transformation of sustainable development needs to implement the digitalization process of all factors, all processes, all services and all fields in the education system. Ensure interworking of business chain, sharing of data and information chain and coordinated development of various factors. Make full use of next-generation information technologies. Such as cloud computing, big data, the Internet of Things, blockchain and artificial intelligence. Give full play to the role of data in enrollment and selection, teaching and curriculum, research and management, admission and graduation and other links to promote the development of education at a higher level.
We need to face the problems of fairness in basic education, the connection between teaching and examination. The positioning of academic level examination, the implementation of the new concept of proposition, and the improvement of scoring quality. Is today’s educational informatization effective? One of the most realistic phenomena is that the examination and reading are all paper textbooks. While the digital content is presented in the classroom, which itself is a manifestation of the gap. It is urgent for us to study the construction of new teaching materials based on knowledge graph.数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
Digital teaching materials are a kind of new learning materials that exist in digital form, can be loaded on digital terminals for reading, dynamically updating content and timely recording of interactive tracks.
The construction of digital teaching materials depends on the digitalization of the whole process from editing and processing, content review, publication and distribution to teaching and use support services. We should also be wary of algorithmic bias and common language capability decay.
It relates to the concept of inclusive education or inclusive education, which is the process of focusing on and meeting the diverse needs of all learners by increasing learning, cultural and community participation, reducing exclusion within and outside the education system; Inclusive education takes the consensus of covering all school-age children and the belief that the formal system is responsible for educating all children. It involves the reform and adjustment of educational content, educational approach, educational structure and educational strategy.
Inclusive education is not a small question of how to integrate some students into the mainstream. It is a way of examining how to reform the education system and other learning environments to accommodate the diversity of learners, so that both teachers and students can embrace diversity and see it as an opportunity and an enrichment of the learning environment rather than a problem.数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
Reporter: The official launch of the national smart Education platform is a phased achievement of the strategic action of education digitization. What do you think?
Huang Ronghuai: It takes ten years to grow trees, but a hundred years to cultivate people. The development of education is a steady and slow process, and the reform of education is also quite difficult. There are four typical keywords about smart education: smart campus, large-scale education and personalized training, new service forms, and reform of education governance mode. The use of information technology provides a good breakthrough.
Campus network, digital campus, smart campus, smart campus, although the name concept is constantly changing. But each stage of change has its realistic connotation, especially the arrival of the era of artificial intelligence, learning time and space high-speed evolution, learning environment is from closed to open, traditional learning environment needs to be upgraded, to achieve data sharing, equipment collaboration, knowledge interconnection, group intelligence integration. So that the learning environment can adapt to self, continuous optimization.
It has been three years since the General Office of the Ministry of Education started to recommend and select “smart Education Demonstration zones”. Dongcheng District and Haidian District of Beijing have respectively been included in the list.数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
The “smart Education Demonstration Zone” project has six construction tasks. It includes constructing ways and mechanisms to comprehensively improve teachers’ and students’ information literacy with curriculum and practice as the core, exploring new teaching modes to promote the deep integration of information technology and education and teaching practice, improving the accuracy of students’ comprehensive quality evaluation by relying on learning process data, constructing personalized teaching support services with data interconnection and integration, and adopting collaborative innovation mechanism to improve the service capacity of regional education resources supply To enhance the capacity of modern education governance by utilizing new technologies such as artificial intelligence and big data.
The 14th Five-Year Plan for the Development of Digital Economy proposes to “further promote smart education”数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
The 14th Five-Year Plan for the Development of Digital Economy proposes to “further promote smart education”, emphasizing the construction of new education infrastructure, the construction of smart education demonstration zones. And the sustained and healthy development of “Internet Plus education”.
At the national level, the focus is to strengthen the construction of the national smart education public service platform, formulate a system for the right confirmation, opening, docking and protection of big data in education, and promote the data integration among all levels and types of education public service platforms and resource platforms. For example, the national intelligent education platform for primary and secondary schools has been built and used at the same time. Continuously enhancing its functions, expanding resources and improving service level. Which has played an important role in supporting the “continuous suspension of classes” during the epidemic, promoting students’ independent learning and teachers’ improvement of classroom teaching.
At the regional level, the focus is to integrate and optimize educational digital organizations
At the regional level, the focus is to integrate and optimize educational digital organizations, establish information, knowledge and resource exchange mechanisms, and promote efficient cooperation among organizations within the region. We will make full use of the national smart education public service platform, constantly expand the coverage and application objects. And improve the educational informatization service capacity and efficiency of grassroots educational institutions.
Innovating the development and sharing mechanism of digital educational resources, optimizing the supply channels of digital educational resources inside and outside the school to meet the diversified educational needs; Make full use of intelligent technology to perceive, predict and warn the situation of campus safety operation, grasp the cognitive and physical and mental changes of teachers and students in time, make active, timely and accurate decisions, strengthen the digital training service and the management of teenagers’ digital learning products. And form new strategies and new abilities of education digital management.数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
Smart education should be the target form of education digital transformation, aiming to build a smart learning environment, change the traditional teaching and learning methods, promote the education system in the smart era, and build an education system with high learning experience, high content adaptability and high teaching efficiency provided by the country, region and school. China has the confidence to lead the world in the two-way empowerment of science, technology and intelligent education.
Reporter: You mentioned that the strategic significance of digital transformation of education is the same as digital China and digital economy. It is the trend of education actively adapting to the new round of scientific and technological revolution. Would you please share your views on the transformation path of digital education?
Huang Ronghuai: Continue to strengthen, improve and expand our digital economy.数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
The 14th Five-Year Plan for Digital Economy Development issued by The State Council defines the development goals, key tasks and major measures of China’s digital economy from the top-level design, and is an action program to promote the development of China’s digital economy in the period of the 14th Five-Year Plan.
Last year, Zhejiang Province was the first to make the overall plan of digital reform, which mentioned that digital reform is the iterative deepening based on the reform of “run once at most” and the government’s digital transformation. On March 16, 2021, Zhejiang Provincial Department of Education issued the Work Plan for Digitized Education Reform in Zhejiang Province, which comprehensively and systematically reshaping the system mechanism, organizational structure, ways and processes, means and tools of education governance by comprehensively applying digital technology, digital thinking and digital cognition. And effectively building a new platform, new mechanism and new model of education governance. Big data on education covering all stages of education and various governance scenarios is gradually enriched. The national learning system adapted to the digital age continues to improve. And the ability to digitize, spatialize and integrate education governance is basically formed.数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
On November 10, 2021, Shanghai Municipal Education Commission issued the Implementation Plan of Shanghai Education Digital Transformation (2021-2023)
On November 10, 2021, Shanghai Municipal Education Commission issued the Implementation Plan of Shanghai Education Digital Transformation (2021-2023), proposing to form a batch of high-quality, replicable and popularizable educational digital transformation experience and demonstration; Actively explore the construction of “new environment, new system, new platform, new model and new evaluation” of education digitization. It includes 8 tasks, including demonstration application of innovative education scene, promotion of new education infrastructure, creation of education digital base, innovation of education resource construction mode, promotion of education management business process reengineering, and strengthening of digital transformation research.数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
In the 1990s, I was early involved in the construction of Beijing Smart Education and campus network.
The road of education informatization transformation in Beijing has experienced some important nodes. In 2001, Beijing started the project of “school-school connection” in primary and secondary schools. In 2005, the 2010 Development Outline of Capital Education put the development of education informatization on the agenda of future education development in Beijing.
In 2011, Beijing first proposed to promote the deep integration of information technology and education and teaching during the 12th Five-Year Plan period. In 2012, the three-year Action Plan for the construction of primary and secondary schools in Beijing proposed to promote the digital construction of high-quality educational resources. In 2015, the digital education resource sharing system was able to provide more than 10,000 national courses of basic education. In 2016, Beijing’s 13th Five-Year Plan proposed to cultivate a new development form of “Internet + education”.
The Beijing Education Informatization Three-year Action Plan (2018-2020) in 2018 emphasizes the new goals and tasks of deep integration, innovative application, top-level design and information literacy. The idea of building Beijing Education Cloud was put forward in 2021. The Education Reform and Development Plan of Beijing during the 14th Five-Year Plan Period (2021-2025) takes the promotion of digital education as one of the main goals to promote the in-depth integration of education and modern technology.
In my opinion, 数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
First, under the national strategy background of “digital China”, “smart society” and “education power”. The digital transformation of education will become the strategic choice of China’s education reform and development.
Secondly, we should realize that, as the key support and guidance of educational modernization. China has made remarkable achievements in educational informatization in the past decade. On the whole, it should be close to the international advanced level. And its achievements and experience are gradually recognized and learned from in the international community.
Third, in the face of the new requirements of high-quality education system construction and sustainable development. Digital transformation requires the implementation of all-factor, all-process, all-business and all-field digital process in the education system. And ensure the interconnection of business chains, data and information chain sharing and the coordinated development of all elements.
Fourthly, the overall effect of education digital transformation depends on the potential weaknesses of education reform and development. Including the degree of digitization of teaching materials, the intelligent upgrading of learning and teaching evaluation. The improvement of teaching quality in rural and minority areas, and the integration effect of intelligent technology and education.数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
Fifth, the construction of a new ecology of regional smart education requires the digital transformation and systematic reform of education. Including the establishment of the digital base of education, the enhancement of digital literacy and skills of teachers and students. The supply of diversified education services, the iterative innovation of education and teaching models. The intelligent technology-driven education governance and the cross-departmental and cross-level collaborative promotion mechanism.
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