本文为数字化转型网（szhzxw.cn）EAM专题系列文章：ERP、EAM、资产全生命周期管理有什么联系和区别？
EAM、ERP和资产全生命周期管理是目前企业信息化的热门词汇，这些词汇在具有自己不同内涵同时又夹杂厂商概念的操作，使得用户对这些名词内在含义以及包含范围很模糊。实际上三者之间既有联系又有区别，适用对象也不尽相同。数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
一、ERP企业资源计划
ERP是Enterprise Resource Planning（企业资源计划）的缩写，ERP概念是在1960年代诞生的生产/库存管理方法-MRP(Manufacturing Resource Planning：生产资源计划)的基础上产生的。ERP是指建立在信息技术基础上，以系统化的管理思想，为企业决策层及员工提供决策运行手段的管理平台。
ERP系统集中信息技术与先进的管理思想于一身，成为现代企业的运行模式，反映时代对企业合理调配资源，最大化地创造社会财富的要求，成为企业在信息时代生存、发展的基石。
ERP系统的目标是控制生产计划过程、平衡期望的产品销售情况与制造这些产品所需消耗资源之间的关系。ERP系统的目的是在有效利用整个企业经营资源的观点上，谋求购买、生产、物流、会计等的整体业务功能，并追求经营高效化。数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
ERP对于生产型和经营型企业的作用是不同。ERP对于如制造业等生产型企业来说，ERP提供了从销售、生产、采购、售后服务整个供应链上物流、资金流、信息流、业务流的科学的管理模式，能够最大程度的利用企业资源，减少库存，合理安排生产。而ERP对于电网等经营型企业，主要是对企业的资源进行管理。
二、EAM企业资产管理
EAM(Enterprise Asset Management)是面向资产密集型企业的企业信息化解决方案的总称。 EAM以提高资产可利用率、降低企业运行维护成本、追求设备寿命周期费用最经济和设备效能最高为目标，EAM以优化企业维修资源为核心，通过信息化手段， 合理安排维修计划及相关资源与活动。通过提高设备可利用率得以增加收益，通过优化安排维修资源得以降低成本， 从而提高企业的经济效益和企业的市场竞争力。
EAM其实质是对运行中的设备进行精细化管理来提高设备的利用率，但现在国内电网企业正处于大规模建设阶段，如果只是关注运行设备就会让企业资产很大一部分处于失控状态。因此需要引进资产全生命周期管理概念，将对资产的管理覆盖的电网规划、设计、施工阶段；同时扩大资产覆盖范围，包含企业办公设备等其他固定资产。数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
三、资产全生命周期管理
资产全生命周期管理是从前期规划、设备选型、设计、采购、安装、调试管理开始，到交付运行后的设备运行状态监控、维护保养、移动、退役直至报废整个生命周期的管理，是一套涉及财务、管理、工程、运转的集成管理系统。实施高绩效的资产全寿命管理，就是通过全方位提升资产运营理念，完善资产管理制度和评价标准，形成较为完整的资产全寿命周期管理体系。数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
资产全生命周期管理是一个全新的管理理念，需要横跨财务、规划设计、物资、生产等部门，需要电网企业成立专门的责任部门，统管整个资产管理；需要遵循资产全生命周期管理的理念，实行流程优化和流程再造，实现业务目标；需要建立相应资产评估和考核制度，提高资产管理的可控性。
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数字化转型网（szhzxw.cn）EAM专题系列文章（三）：ERP、EAM、资产全生命周期管理有什么联系和区别？翻译：
This article is a series of EAM articles on szhzxw.cn. What are the links and differences between ERP, EAM and asset lifecycle management?数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
EAM, ERP and asset lifecycle management are the hot words in enterprise informatization at present. These words have their own different connotations and the operation of the concept of the manufacturer. Which makes users very vague about the internal meaning and scope of these nouns. In fact, there are both connections and differences among the three, and the applicable objects are not the same.
I. ERP enterprise resource planning数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
ERP is short for Enterprise Resource Planning. The concept of ERP is a method of production/inventory management that was born in the 1960s. Production resource planning) on the basis of the generation. ERP is a management platform which is built on the basis of information technology and provides the means of decision-making operation for the decision-makers and employees of enterprises with systematic management ideas.
ERP system integrates information technology and advanced management ideas, and becomes the operation mode of modern enterprises. It reflects the requirements of The Times for enterprises to allocate resources reasonably and create social wealth to the maximum. And becomes the cornerstone for enterprises to survive and develop in the information age.
The goal of an ERP system is to control the production planning process and balance the expected sales of products with the resources required to manufacture those products. The purpose of ERP system is to seek the whole business function of purchasing, production, logistics, accounting and so on from the point of view of the effective use of the whole enterprise management resources. And to pursue the high efficiency of management.数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
ERP has different effects on production and management enterprises. For manufacturing and other manufacturing enterprises. ERP provides a scientific management mode of logistics, capital flow, information flow and business flow in the whole supply chain from sales, production, procurement and after-sales service. Which can maximize the use of enterprise resources, reduce inventory and rationally arrange production. However, ERP mainly manages the resources of power grid and other operating enterprises.
Ii. EAM Enterprise asset Management
Enterprise Asset Management (EAM) is a general term for enterprise informatization solutions for asset-intensive enterprises. EAM aims to improve asset availability, reduce enterprise operation and maintenance costs, pursue the most economical equipment life cycle cost and the highest equipment efficiency. EAM takes optimizing enterprise maintenance resources as the core. And arranges maintenance plans and related resources and activities reasonably through information means. By improving the utilization rate of equipment, the profit can be increased. And the cost can be reduced by optimizing the arrangement of maintenance resources, so as to improve the economic benefits and market competitiveness of enterprises.数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
The essence of EAM is to improve the utilization rate of the equipment by fine management of the equipment in operation. However, at present, the domestic power grid enterprises are in the stage of large-scale construction. If they only pay attention to the operation of the equipment, a large part of the enterprise assets will be out of control. Therefore, it is necessary to introduce the concept of asset lifecycle management to cover the grid planning, design and construction phase of asset management. At the same time, the coverage of assets will be expanded to include office equipment and other fixed assets.
Iii. Asset lifecycle management数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
Asset full life cycle management is an integrated management system involving finance, management, engineering and operation. Which starts from preliminary planning, equipment selection, design, procurement, installation and commissioning management. And extends to the entire life cycle management of equipment running status monitoring, maintenance, movement, retirement and abandonment after delivery and operation. The implementation of high-performance asset life-cycle management is to form a relatively complete asset life-cycle management system by comprehensively improving the asset operation concept, perfecting the asset management system and evaluation criteria.
The whole life cycle management of assets is a brand new management concept. Which needs to span finance, planning and design, materials, production and other departments, and requires power grid enterprises to set up a special responsible department to supervise the entire asset management. It is necessary to follow the concept of asset lifecycle management, implement process optimization and process reengineering, and achieve business objectives. It is necessary to establish the corresponding asset evaluation and assessment system to improve the controllability of asset management.
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