年轻人是我们科技强国的主力军。我想分享一下身边年轻人成为科技革命生力军的几个例子和我自己的感悟。
首先是，我在深圳已经工作了七年，我们见证了深圳的量子科技从无到有，现在已经发展成了国家量子科技核心战略力量的南方分部。我们所在的研究院就是深圳科技创新的缩影，在短短的几年时间里，量子技术和深圳这座城市之间形成了紧密的联系，这是非常了不起的一件事情。
最近，我们与年轻同事合作，包括 DeepTech 合作，发布了一系列重大进展。作为国家科技核心战略力量，我们肩负着国家使命，需要体现国家意志，完成国家任务。因此，我们所做的研究必须是有组织的科研，我们的成果必须具备重要性和意义。
上个月，我们发布了一个工作，即实现了五个量子芯片之间的超低损耗、高保真度的量子互联。在量子体系中，不同分离的物理体系需要像经典计算机一样相互连接。该工作发布后，Nature 杂志决定进行报道，标题为《赋予量子网络与新生》。这项工作是由一位从芝加哥留学归来的年轻博士完成的，他在那里学习了三年半，并在回国不到一年半的时间内获得了这样的成绩。
在北京时间 3 月 23 日凌晨，我们在线发表了一项关于量子纠错的研究工作。该工作的重点在于实现了量子纠错的盈亏平衡点。众所周知，经典计算机的错误率非常低，大约是 10 的负 15 次方。在这种低错误率下，经典计算机还可以通过备份来进一步确保不会发生错误。通过这种备份方式，经典计算机、手机和电脑的错误率非常低。
相比之下，量子计算机的错误率非常高。无论是单比特的保真度还是量子逻辑门的保真度，目前最好的水平都是负二次方。由于量子不可克隆和不可复制的基本原理，我们无法像经典计算机那样通过复制来纠错。因此，如果不进行纠错，量子计算机几乎是无用的。但是迄今为止，国际上在量子纠错领域基本上存在一个越纠越错的尴尬局面。我们的团队经过 4 年的攻坚克难，与清华交叉研究院和福州大学合作，终于突破了量子纠错的盈亏平衡点 16 个百分点。这是第一次证明通过纠错是可行的，可以使得体系中纠错后的性能比系统上单个最好的物理比特要好。
这些都是年轻人所取得的成果。
量子研究院在过去几年中培养了一支年轻的团队。我们依靠年轻人取得了很多成就，其中有两位入选了“35 岁以下科技创新 35 人”榜单，他们分别是贺煜和刘骏秋。这些年轻人的成就是我们研究院的实践。
在量子领域中，从量子的元年 1900 年到最后的理论建立，整个量子力学大厦的建立都是由一群年轻人完成的。这些年轻人敢于挑战权威，并取得了重大的科学成就。例如，爱因斯坦在 20 多岁就解释了光电效应；波尔则在 26 岁时成为了重要的理论建设者；狄拉克也是在 24 岁时取得了重大成就。因此，这个困难的科学体系是由一群大男孩在不到 30 年时间里建立起来的，其中薛定谔是年龄最大的，当时 37 岁。这就是青年在科技创新中作为一个主力军的几个生动例子。
现在，我们正面临着许多科技创新方面的挑战，既有外部挑战，也有内部问题。在量子科技领域，我们的科学家甚至无法通过电子邮件或微信与其他国家的科学家正常交流。此外，很多科学设备的进口也受到限制。
除了外部挑战，我们国家也有内生问题。我们的科研环境存在跟班式研究的问题，许多研究人员只是在做已经很热门的方向或者已经被别人做出来的事情。这是一个非常糟糕的问题。
第二个问题涉及到人才同质化，这一现象与我国人口众多的情况有关。在同一个学校或同一个导师的指导下，我们会看到大量的学生在同一领域从事相似的工作，这导致了人才高度同质化的局面。
第三个问题是低水平的重复建设，这种情况非常糟糕。尤其是由大佬们资助的项目，往往会出现重复性建设，这种情况非常令人担忧。此外，还存在一些其他问题，比如年轻人之间的不合作就是其中之一。
年轻的各位，你们正处于年轻的阶段，思想还没有定型，对于科技创新之路，我一直认为年轻学者要独立思考，跳出老师的限制。虽然在攻读博士期间，老师分配的题目需要尽力完成，但是毕业后应尽快摆脱老师的束缚。有几个明显的例子，1997 年诺贝尔物理学奖颁发给了朱棣文和法国学者克洛德，2012 年塞尔日·阿罗什（克洛德的学生）和戴维·瓦恩兰则因他们对单个光子和原子的操控成果获得了诺贝尔奖。这展示了导师和学生之间的关系，老师 1997 年获得了一个诺奖，他的学生在 2012 年又获得了一个诺奖。说明只有超越老师，学生才有机会突破。
我的第一个建议是，学生不应局限于老师的领域，应该开拓新的领域和新的方向。另外一个就是，年轻人应该精益求精，无论做什么事情都要精益求精。
我认为做科学研究有三个等级：
第一等级是保持饭碗，按时上下班；
第二等级是工作本身是一种享受，即使再累也不觉得累，工作也不会感到压力；
最高等级，就是把科学技术和工程做成艺术品，那时候诺贝尔奖就是一个副产品了。
年轻人在社会主义现代化国家建设中扮演着重要的角色，肩负着家庭和社会的责任。你们是时代的希望，是国家和世界的希望。世界是你们的也是我们的，但是归根结底是你们的。
翻译：
Young people are the main force of our scientific and technological power. I would like to share a few examples of young people around me becoming the new force of the scientific and technological revolution and my own insights.
First of all, I have been working in Shenzhen for seven years, and we have witnessed the development of Shenzhen’s quantum technology from scratch, and now it has developed into the southern branch of the national core strategic force of quantum science and technology. Our institute is a microcosm of Shenzhen’s technological innovation. In just a few years, quantum technology has formed a close connection with the city of Shenzhen, which is a very remarkable thing.
Recently, working with our younger colleagues, including DeepTech, we have announced a number of significant advances. As the core strategic force of national science and technology, we shoulder the national mission and need to reflect the national will and complete the national task. Therefore, the research we do must be organized scientific research, and our results must have importance and significance.
Last month, we published work to achieve ultra-low loss, high-fidelity quantum interconnection between five quantum chips. In quantum systems, different separate physical systems need to be connected to each other like a classical computer. After the work was published, the journal Nature decided to report it under the title “Giving Quantum Networks a New Lease of Life.” The work was done by a young PhD who had returned from studying abroad in Chicago for three and a half years and had achieved this in less than a year and a half after returning home.
In the early morning of March 23, Beijing time, we published a research work on quantum error correction online.
The focus of this work is to achieve the break-even point of quantum error correction. It is well known that classical computers have a very low error rate, about 10 to the minus 15 power. With this low error rate, classical computers can also be backed up to further ensure that no errors will occur. With this backup, the error rate for classic computers, phones, and computers is very low.
Quantum computers, by contrast, have a very high error rate. Whether it is the fidelity of a single bit or the fidelity of a quantum logic gate, the best level at present is negative quadratic. Due to the basic principle that quantum cannot be cloned and cannot be copied, we cannot correct errors by copying like classical computers. As a result, quantum computers are virtually useless without error correction. But so far, there is basically an embarrassing situation in the field of quantum error correction in the world. After four years of overcoming difficulties, our team, in cooperation with Tsinghua Cross Research Institute and Fuzhou University, finally broke through the break-even point of quantum error correction by 16 percentage points. This is the first demonstration that it is possible to make a system with error correction perform better than the single best physical bit on the system.
These are the results of young people.
The Quantum Institute has cultivated a young team over the past few years. We rely on young people to achieve a lot of achievements, and two of them are included in the list of “35 Tech Innovators under 35”, they are He Yu and Liu Junqiu. The achievements of these young people are the practice of our institute.
In the quantum field, from the first year of quantum in 1900 to the final theoretical establishment, the entire building of quantum mechanics was completed by a group of young people. These young people dared to challenge authority and made significant scientific achievements. Einstein, for example, explained the photoelectric effect in his 20s; Bohr became an important theory-builder at the age of 26; Dirac also achieved great success at the age of 24. Thus, this difficult scientific system was built in less than 30 years by a group of big boys, of whom Schrodinger was the oldest, at 37. These are a few vivid examples of youth as a major force in scientific and technological innovation.
Now, we are facing many challenges in scientific and technological innovation, both external challenges and internal problems. In the field of quantum science and technology, our scientists cannot even communicate properly with scientists in other countries through email or wechat. In addition, many scientific equipment imports are restricted.
In addition to external challenges, our country also has internal problems.
Our research environment suffers from the problem of copycat research, with many researchers simply doing things that are already hot or that have already been done by others. This is a very bad problem.
The second issue concerns the homogenization of talents, a phenomenon related to the large population in our country. Under the guidance of the same school or the same tutor, we will see a large number of students doing similar work in the same field, which leads to a situation of high homogeneity of talent.
The third problem is the low level of duplication, which is very bad. In particular, projects funded by the big guys tend to have repetitive construction, which is very worrying. In addition, there are some other problems, such as the lack of cooperation among young people is one of them.
Young people, you are in a young stage and your thoughts have not yet been finalized.
For the road of scientific and technological innovation, I always believe that young scholars should think independently and jump out of the restrictions of teachers. Although you should try your best to complete the topics assigned by the teacher during the doctoral study, you should get rid of the constraints of the teacher as soon as possible after graduation. In a few notable examples, the 1997 Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to Chu and the French scholar Claude. And in 2012 Serge Haroche (Claude’s student) and David Wineland won the Nobel Prize for their work on the manipulation of individual photons and atoms. This shows the relationship between tutor and student. The teacher won a Nobel Prize in 1997 and his student won another Nobel Prize in 2012. It shows that only by surpassing the teacher can students have a chance to break through.
My first suggestion is that students should not be confined to the teacher’s field. But should explore new fields and new directions. Another is that young people should strive for excellence in whatever they do.
I think there are three levels of doing scientific research:
The first level is to keep your job and go to work on time;
The second level is that the work itself is a kind of enjoyment, even if it is tired. It does not feel tired, and the work will not feel pressure;
At the highest level, science, technology and engineering are made into works of art. And then the Nobel Prize is a by-product.
Young people play an important role in the construction of a modern socialist country, shouldering family and social responsibilities. You are the hope of The Times, the hope of the country and the world. The world is yours and ours, but ultimately it is yours.
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