MES制造执行系统的发展历史是怎样的？
MES作为生产形态变革的产物，MES起源大多源自工厂的内部需求。为了更好的理解MES的产生背景，我们先回顾一下计算机辅助生产管理系统的演化历史。
八十年代MRPII在美国生产与库存管理协会（APICS）大力宣传和组织推动下得到了迅速的普及和广泛应用，但也暴露出一些不足之处，如MRPII对预测需求和销售管理不够重视，对车间的大量实时事件与数据不能很好地利用等等。许多企业认识到需要其它系统来解决MRPII在某些方面管理薄弱的问题。于是为了满足销售、预测的需求，产生了分销资源计划DPR（Distribution Resource Planning）。同样，为了强化车间的执行功能，制造执行系统（MES）也就应运而生。传统的MES(Traditional MES，T-MES)大致可分为两大类：.数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
1）专用的MES 系统(Point MES)。专用的MES 系统主要是针对某个特定的领域问题而开发的系统，如车间维护、生产监控、有限能力调度或是SCADA等；
2）集成的MES系统 (Integrated MES)。集成的MES系统起初是针对一个特定的、规范化的环境而设计的，目前集成的MES系统已拓展到许多领域，如航空、装配、半导体、食品和卫生等行业，在功能上集成的MES系统已实现了与上层事务处理和下层实时控制系统的集成。.数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
虽然专用的MES能够为某一特定环境提供最好的性能，却常常难以与其它应用集成。集成的 MES比专用的MES迈进了一大步，具有一些优点，如单一的逻辑数据库、系统内部具有良好的集成性、统一的数据模型等等，但其整个MES系统重构性能弱，很难随业务过程的变化而进行功能配置和动态改变。
美国AMR(Advanced Manufacturing Research)研究小组在分析信息技术的发展和MES应用前景的基础上提出了可集成MES(Integratable MES，I-MES) 。将模块化和组件技术应用到MES的系统开发中，是两类T-MES系统的结合。从表现形式上看，可集成MES具有专用的MES系统的特点，即I-MES中的部分功能作为可重用组件单独销售。同时，可集成MES又具有集成的MES的特点，即能实现上下两层之间的集成。此外，I-MES还能实现客户化、可重构、可扩展和互操作等特性，可集成MES能方便地实现不同厂商之间的集成和原有系统的保护，以及即插即用等功能。.数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
翻译：
what is the development history of MES (Manufacturing Execution System)?
As a product of the transformation of production form, MES originates mostly from the internal demand of the factory. In order to better understand the background of MES, we first review the evolutionary history of computer-aided production management systems..szhzxw.cn
In the 1980s, MRPII was popularized and widely used under the strong publicity and organization of the American Production and Inventory Management Association (APICS), but it also exposed some shortcomings, such as MRPII did not pay enough attention to forecasting demand and sales management, and could not make good use of a large number of real-time events and data in the workshop. Many organizations recognize that other systems are needed to address some aspects of the weak management of MRPII. Therefore, in order to meet the needs of sales and forecasting, Distribution Resource Planning (DPR) is produced. Similarly, in order to strengthen the executive function of the workshop, the manufacturing execution system (MES) has also emerged. .szhzxw.cn
Traditional MES(T-MES) can be broadly divided into two categories:
1) Dedicated MES system (Point MES). Dedicated MES systems are systems developed for a specific domain problem, such as shop maintenance, production monitoring, limited capacity scheduling, or SCADA.
2) Integrated MES system. The integrated MES system was originally designed for a specific and standardized environment, and the integrated MES system has been extended to many fields, such as aviation, assembly, semiconductor, food and health industries, and the functionally integrated MES system has realized the integration with the upper level transaction processing and the lower level real-time control system..szhzxw.cn
Although specialized MES can provide the best performance for a particular environment, they are often difficult to integrate with other applications.
Integrated MES is a big step forward than dedicated MES, and has some advantages, such as a single logical database, good integration within the system, unified data model, etc., but its entire MES system reconstruction performance is weak, and it is difficult to carry out functional configuration and dynamic change with the change of business process.szhzxw.cn
AMR(Advanced Manufacturing Research) research group in the United States proposed Integratable MES(I-MES) on the basis of analyzing the development of information technology and the application prospect of MES. The application of modularity and component technology to the system development of MES is the combination of two types of T-MES systems. In terms of presentation, integrable MES have the characteristics of a dedicated MES system, that is, some of the functions in I-MES are sold separately as reusable components. At the same time, integrable MES has the characteristics of integrated MES. That is, it can realize the integration between the upper and lower layers. In addition, I-MES can also achieve customization, reconfigurable, scalable and interoperable features, integrable MES can easily achieve integration between different manufacturers and the protection of the original system. As well as plug and play and other functions.szhzxw.cn
