格鲁克传感器
钢铁行业的发展史从来不缺乏传奇，而素有“并购大王”之称的北京建龙重工集团董事长张志祥就是浙江走出来的钢铁传奇人物。
在20年间，张志祥通过一系列大手笔兼并，将一个年产不足10万吨的小钢厂，扩张至今天全球第八、中国第五的规模，年产量超3500万吨。2021年，他的北京建龙集团以逾1900亿元营收额，首次登上《财富》世界500强榜单。
建龙的发展史，是整个中国钢铁业成长历程的一个缩影。过去25年间，中国钢产量增长10倍至10亿吨，占据全球钢铁行业的半壁江山。与之伴随的，是行业内部风起云涌的大兼并、大重组，以及“大钢企”时代的开启。作为一家民营企业，建龙是其中的勇者。
张志祥白手起家，缔造了上千亿资产的钢铁帝国，他多年来持续扩张，在唐山、承德、吉林、黑龙江、山西、宁波等地并购整合了十多家亏损的钢铁企业，无一例外实现扭亏为盈，成为当地企业龙头。媒体送绰号“并购大王”。通过一系列收购重组、投资新建矿山，向产业上游拓展，建龙现拥有4430万吨矿石的开采和选矿能力，使企业生产不再受高价资源制约。通过裂变式发展，建龙成为一家集资源、钢铁、船舶、机电等新产业于一体的大型企业集团。
张志祥的创富神话，每一次大手笔的并购重组，以及超强的战略管理能力，都被外界津津乐道。他头顶钢铁大佬光环，却一贯谨慎低调，很少宣传，显得颇为神秘。
一、开启梦想
1998年是国有企业改革值得关注的一年。受亚洲金融危机影响，当时的国企亏损面超过40%，成为历史上亏损最严重的一年。也就是在这一年张志祥开始了建龙的创业历程。
根据当时的政策，国有企业要“区别不同情况，采取改组、联合、兼并、股份合作制、租赁、承包经营和出售等形式”，“搞好大的，放活小的”。
也就是在这样的环境下，当时的河北唐山市有关部门找到张志祥，希望让他接手濒临破产的唐山市属企业遵化钢铁厂。
1998年12月17日，张志祥注册成立遵化建龙钢铁厂，一周后，签下租赁遵化市钢铁厂5年的合同，并由此开启了一个钢铁产业的梦想。
2000年初，他一举买断遵化市钢铁厂，更名为建龙钢铁总厂，使企业从年产量不足10万吨发展到年产量180万吨。之后，张志祥又在宽城、吉林、承德、唐山购并多家钢冶类亏损企业，并且转变机制，加大投资，使其迅速成为当地的龙头企业。
张志祥并不忌讳自己的扩张战略，他曾经承认，并购重组不仅是建龙的扩张模式，更符合当前国家对钢铁行业整合的思路，一方面对分散的小企业进行整合，另一方面有利于实施产权结构调整。
而对于建龙多年来快速发展的原因，张志祥也总结为，一是避开同行业同质化的竞争，二是提升建龙钢铁的产业链，三是战略合作伙伴关系的建立。
对于整合心得，张志祥总结，“我们努力整合多方资源，尊重各种理念，包容各种文化，倡导平等沟通，鼓励创新思维，积极学习先进，不断汲取经验，致力于营造开放和谐的企业氛围，为优秀人才与企业实现共赢积极构建平台。”
早在2008年的胡润富豪榜上，张志祥就以200亿元身价位居中国钢铁业富豪榜第二位。
二、落子山西
在建龙集团的并购历程中，重组海鑫是重要的一笔，“重整海鑫，主要是出于建龙在全国的产能布局方面的考虑。”张志祥说。
海鑫曾是山西省最大的民营钢铁企业、山西省第二大钢铁企业，后因经营不善，2015年9月，被建龙集团重组，成为建龙集团的第7家钢铁子公司。
建龙集团成功重组海鑫，不仅引起当时的全国重组潮，而且被列入全国行政学院的教学案例。
经过五年的发展，山西建龙不仅实现满血复活，而且成为山西最大的民营企业。五年时间，建龙集团累计在当地投资120亿元，以每年新增销售收入100亿元的速度，为当地经济发展注入了巨大动力。
对于运城，张志祥有很深感情，他表示，作为运城市“龙榜”企业，建龙集团将进一步注重产城融合，打造名企名镇；大力发展生产性服务业，完善产业链条，为运城市经济高质量转型发展作出新的更大的贡献。
2020年，在运城撤地设市20周年座谈会上，张志祥获得“运城市撤地设市20周年个人贡献奖”。
三、持续扩张
近年来，建龙集团持续扩张，继接盘山西最大民营钢铁企业海鑫之后，又接手了黑龙江最大民营钢铁西林以及北满特钢，并取得了包钢万腾的控股权。如今，这些并购对象无一例外均取得了惊人的盈利。
即便有上述扩张动作，张志祥的扩张脚步仍未停下，斥10.4亿元投资重整哈尔滨轴承集团有限公司，又参与了中钢洛耐的混改。2020年，建龙集团托管海威钢铁并成立吕梁建龙后，先后投资13.5亿元，实施了烧结、高炉、转炉、制氧等工序的技术及超低排放的改造。
一连串的扩张动作之下，建龙体量迅速抬升。2020年，建龙控股公司完成钢产量 3572万吨，铁精粉产量453万吨，交船3艘；完成主营业务收入 1956.95 亿元；完成利润总额 64.18 亿元，上缴税金 43.49亿元。截止到2021年1月底，总资产规模 1578 亿元， 员工人数超 6 万。
张志祥的下一目标，是建龙利用五年的时间实现产量破亿吨，他表示，未来5年，建龙集团将通过并购、参股、管理模式输出等途径，实施兼并重组，实现建龙集团钢铁板块1亿吨的目标（控股5000万吨，参股5000万吨）。
能大举并购并迅速带领亏损企业重生，与张志祥不无关联。可以说，张志祥的成功史就是一部并购史。有传闻说，在北京建龙集团总部有一个专门研究国企的智囊——专门看哪些国企业濒临破产并适合建龙收购。
一位钢铁业人士表示，建龙为国内钢铁行业第一号并购能手，这不仅是得益于民营企业的灵活机制和竞争力，更重要的是张志祥的能力、见识、资源和魄力。
张志祥是浙江人，他的生产基地虽然基本在北方，但他和其他浙商一样对资本、杠杆非常熟悉，早年就和同乡郭广昌一起做钢铁生意，郭广昌是资本大佬，但他后来慢慢转型去做大健康了，而张志祥仍然继续做钢铁，成为行业的整合者。
比尔·盖茨曾经说，一个人兴趣的背后，隐藏着这个人最大的秘密。同样，一个企业的追求背后，也隐藏着这个企业最大的秘密。
作为企业，建龙钢铁集团的秘密在于其董事长张志祥。那么，张志祥的秘密在哪里呢?对于张志祥而言，建龙不是他事业与人生的目的。他所有的激情、野心与理想似乎都在证明着一种人生极限。而建龙是一个合适的平台，使他能对人生与事业的宿命有一种深度发掘。
显然，建龙如果不能成为有巨大社会影响力的一个事业，张志祥必然认为自己是失败的。正是建龙未来远景所具备的社会影响力，才能升华一个人、一个群体跋涉的点点滴滴。
打造两个5000万吨（控股5000万吨 + 参股5000万吨）钢铁规模平台，基于工业4.0理念的相关方高度互联互通的数字化平台，向建筑业综合服务商和高端专业优质的工业用钢供应商转型” ——这是建龙集团未来发展的三大战略目标，并为此规划了实现路径：加大科技创新力度，坚持低碳绿色发展，与相关方共同创造价值、共同分享价值，打造最具竞争力的钢铁企业集团。
“人生为一大事来。”回头看建龙集团走过的路，大多都是通过联合、并购完成的，从唐山建龙到承德建龙，从吉林建龙到黑龙江建龙，从海鑫集团到山西建龙，再到宏达建龙，不变的是那颗“做大事”的钢铁帝国心。
翻译：
Gluck sensor
The development history of the steel industry is never short of legends, and Zhang Zhixiang, chairman of Beijing Jianlong Heavy Industry Group, known as the “merger and acquisition king”, is a steel legend from Zhejiang.
In 20 years, Zhang Zhixiang expanded a small steel mill with an annual output of less than 100,000 tons to the eighth largest in the world and the fifth largest in China with an annual output of over 35 million tons through a series of large-scale mergers. In 2021, his Beijing Jianlong Group was listed on the Fortune Global 500 list for the first time with a revenue of more than 190 billion yuan.
The history of Jianlong’s development is an epitome of the growth of China’s steel industry. Over the past 25 years, China’s steel production has grown tenfold to 1bn tonnes, accounting for half of the global steel industry. With it, is the industry within the wind surging merger, reorganization, and the opening of the “big steel enterprises” era. As a private enterprise, Jianlong is one of the brave.
Zhang Zhixiang built an iron and steel empire with hundreds of billions of assets from scratch.
Over the years, he continued to expand, merging and integrating more than ten loss-making steel enterprises in Tangshan, Chengde, Jilin, Heilongjiang, Shanxi, Ningbo and other places. Without exception, he turned losses into profits and became the leader of local enterprises. The media nicknamed him “King of mergers and Acquisitions”. Through a series of acquisitions and restructuring, investment in new mines and upstream expansion of the industry, Jianlong now has 44.3 million tons of ore mining and beneficiation capacity, so that the production of the enterprise is no longer restricted by high-priced resources. Through rift development, Jianlong has become a large enterprise group integrating new industries such as resources, steel, shipbuilding and mechanical and electrical.
Zhang Zhixiang’s rich myth, every big merger and reorganization, as well as super strategic management ability, are talked about. He had the aura of a steel tycoon, but he was always discreet and secretive, with little publicity.
First, start your dream
The year 1998 is a noteworthy year for the reform of state-owned enterprises. Affected by the Asian financial crisis, state-owned enterprises lost more than 40 percent at that time, making it the worst loss year in history. It was in this year that Zhang Zhixiang began the entrepreneurial process of Jianlong.
According to the policy at that time, state-owned enterprises should “distinguish between different situations, adopt the forms of reorganization, alliance, merger, stock cooperation system, leasing, contract management and sale” and “do well in the big ones and let the small ones loose.”
It was in this environment that authorities in Tangshan, Hebei province, approached Zhang Zhixiang to take over Zunhua Iron and Steel Works, which was owned by the city and was on the verge of bankruptcy.
On December 17, 1998, Zhang Zhixiang registered and established Zunhua Jianlong Steel Plant. A week later, he signed a contract to lease Zunhua Steel Plant for 5 years, and thus started a dream of steel industry.
In early 2000, he bought out the Zunhua Steel Plant and renamed it Jianlong Iron and Steel General Plant, expanding the company’s annual output from less than 100,000 tons to 1.8 million tons.
After that, Zhang Zhixiang bought several loss-making steel and metallurgical enterprises in Kuancheng, Jilin, Chengde and Tangshan, and changed the mechanism and increased investment, so that it quickly became a local leading enterprise.
Zhang Zhixiang is not afraid of his expansion strategy, he once admitted that merger and reorganization is not only Jianlong’s expansion mode, but also more in line with the current national idea of steel industry integration, on the one hand to integrate the scattered small enterprises, on the other hand is conducive to the implementation of property rights structure adjustment.
As for the reasons for Jianlong’s rapid development over the years, Zhang Zhixiang also summarized as: first, to avoid the homogenized competition in the same industry, second, to improve the industrial chain of Jianlong Steel, third, the establishment of strategic partnership.
As for the integration experience, Zhang Zhixiang concluded, “We strive to integrate multiple resources, respect various ideas, tolerate various cultures, advocate equal communication, encourage innovative thinking, actively learn from advanced, and constantly absorb experience, committed to creating an open and harmonious enterprise atmosphere, and actively build a platform for outstanding talents and enterprises to achieve win-win results.”
As early as the 2008 Hurun rich List, Zhang Zhixiang with 20 billion yuan ranked second in China’s steel industry rich list.
Second, the end of Shanxi
In the merger and acquisition process of Jianlong Group, restructuring of Haixin is an important deal, “restructuring of Haixin, mainly due to Jianlong in the national capacity layout consideration.” Zhang Zhixiang said.
Haixin used to be the largest private steel enterprise and the second largest steel enterprise in Shanxi Province. Due to poor management, it was restructured by Jianlong Group in September 2015 and became the 7th steel subsidiary of Jianlong Group.
Jianlong Group’s successful reorganization of Haixin not only caused the national restructuring tide at that time, but also was included in the teaching case of the National School of Administration.
After five years of development, Shanxi Jianlong not only realized full of blood resurrection, but also became the largest private enterprise in Shanxi. In the past five years, Jianlong Group has invested 12 billion yuan in the local area, and its annual increase in sales revenue of 10 billion yuan has injected great impetus into the local economic development.
For Yuncheng, Zhang Zhixiang has deep feelings, he said, as Yuncheng “dragon list” enterprise, Jianlong Group will further pay attention to the integration of industry and city, to build a famous enterprise town; Vigorously develop producer services, improve the industrial chain, and make new and greater contributions to the high-quality economic transformation and development of Yuncheng City.
In 2020, Zhang Zhixiang won the “Personal Contribution Award for the 20th anniversary of the withdrawal of Yuncheng City” at the symposium marking the 20th anniversary of the withdrawal of Yuncheng City.
Third, sustained expansion
Jianlong has continued to expand in recent years, taking over Haixin, the largest privately owned steelmaker in Shanxi Province, Xilin, the largest privately owned steelmaker in Heilongjiang province, Beiman Special Steel, and a controlling stake in Baotou Steel Wanteng. Today, all of these acquisitions are astonishingly profitable.
Even with the above expansion action, Zhang Zhixiang’s expansion pace still did not stop. He spent 1.04 billion yuan to restructure Harbin Bearing Group Co., LTD., and participated in the mixed reform of China Steel Lonai. In 2020, after Jianlong Group took over Haiwei Iron and Steel and established Luliang Jianlong, it has invested 1.35 billion yuan successively to implement the technological transformation of sintering, blast furnace, converter, oxygen production and other processes and ultra-low emissions.
Under a series of expansion actions, the size of the dragon quickly rose. In 2020, Jianlong Holding Company completed the production of 35.72 million tons of steel and 4.53 million tons of iron fine powder, and delivered 3 ships. The main business revenue reached 195.695 billion yuan. The total profit reached 6.418 billion yuan and taxes were handed over 4.349 billion yuan. By the end of January 2021, the total asset scale is 157.8 billion yuan. And the number of employees exceeds 60,000.
Zhang Zhixiang’s next goal is that Jianlong will use five years to achieve output of over 100 million tons, he said, in the next five years, Jianlong Group will be through mergers and acquisitions, equity participation, management model output and other ways, the implementation of merger and reorganization, Jianlong Group steel plate goal of 100 million tons (holding 50 million tons, 50 million tons of shares).
The ability to merge aggressively and quickly lead the rebirth of loss-making enterprises is not unrelated to Zhang Zhixiang.
It can be said that Zhang Zhixiang’s successful history is a history of mergers and acquisitions. Rumour has it that at Jianlong’s headquarters in Beijing there is a think-tank that specialises in state-owned enterprises – companies that are on the verge of bankruptcy and suitable for Jianlong to buy.
A steel industry person said that Jianlong is the No. 1 M&A expert in the domestic steel industry. Which not only benefits from the flexible mechanism and competitiveness of private enterprises. But more importantly is Zhang Zhixiang’s ability, insight, resources and courage.
Zhang Zhixiang is from Zhejiang, although his production base is basically in the north. But he and other Zhejiang businessmen are very familiar with capital, leverage. Early and fellow countrymen Guo Guangchang together to do steel business, Guo Guangchang is a capital tycoon. But he later slowly transition to do big health. And Zhang Zhixiang still continue to do steel, become the integrator of the industry.
Bill Gates once said, behind a person’s interests, hiding this person’s biggest secret. Similarly, behind the pursuit of a business, also hides the biggest secret of the business.
Jianlong’s secret as a company lies in its chairman, Zhang Zhixiang. So where is Zhang Zhixiang’s secret? For Zhang Zhixiang, building a dragon is not the purpose of his career and life. All his passions, ambitions and ideals seemed to prove a kind of limit. Jianlong is a suitable platform for him to have a deep exploration of the destiny of life and career.
Obviously, if dragon building cannot become a cause with great social influence, Zhang Zhixiang must consider himself a failure. It is the social influence of Jianlong’s future vision that can sublimate the dribble of a person and a group.
To build two 50 million tons (holding 50 million tons + participating 50 million tons) steel platforms. A highly interconnected digital platform of relevant parties based on the concept of industry 4.0. And transform into a comprehensive service provider of construction industry and a high-end. Professional and high-quality supplier of industrial steel “– these are the three strategic goals of Jianlong Group’s future development. To this end, the realization path is planned: strengthen scientific and technological innovation. Adhere to low-carbon and green development, create and share value with related parties. And build the most competitive iron and steel enterprise group.
“Life comes for great things.” Looking back at the road Jianlong Group has gone through, most of them are completed through combination and merger. From Tangshan Jianlong to Chengde Jianlong. From Jilin Jianlong to Heilongjiang Jianlong. From Haixin Group to Shanxi Jianlong. And then to Hongda Jianlong, what remains unchanged is the heart of “doing great things” in the iron and steel empire.
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