引言
作为数字经济的重要参与者，数据经纪人聚合多来源信息，链接数据供应商和消费者，极大减轻了查找、获取和集成数据的障碍，在融通数据资源、实现数据价值方面扮演重要角色。2022年5月23日，依托琶洲人工智能与数字经济试验区产业优势和打造“琶洲算谷”数智经济新高地的发展机遇，经广东省政务服务数据管理局批准同意，广州市海珠区率先推出全国首批“数据经纪人”名单。如今，距离我国首批“数据经纪人”名单的推出已过去一年有余，对于这一新兴领域的快速发展，有必要对相关规制进行研究及总结。因此，本文将主要探讨我国的“数据经纪人”概念和美国的“数据经纪人”概念有何不同，以及“数据经纪人”这一角色在中国目前的实践现状及未来发展走向。
一、“数据经纪人”概念
（一）美国“数据经纪人”概念
在美国，州和联邦层面对“数据经纪人”概念的定义并不完全相同。2018年，美国佛蒙特州颁布的《数据经纪人与消费者保护法》（An act relating to data brokers and consumer protection）中将数据经纪人定义为“收集、出售或向第三方授权使用与该企业没有直接关联的消费者个人信息的公司”。在美国加州议会于2019年10月颁布的《消费者隐私法》（California Consumer Privacy Act）中，数据经纪人被定义为“业务是整合和出售与其业务并没有关联性的消费者数据的群体”。此外在联邦层面，美国参议院于2022年2月公布的《删除法案》（Delete Act）中将数据经纪人定义为“有意收集或获取与其没有直接关联的个人信息的实体，该实体将这些信息用于：1）向第三方提供服务；2）出售、许可、交易、提供参考或其他向第三方提供个人信息并获取报酬。” 数字化转型网www.szhzxw.cn
综上，尽管州和联邦对“数据经纪人”的定义不尽相同，但大致可以概括出“数据经纪人”这一概念具备以下几个特点：1）通过各种渠道（例如政府来源、商业来源和其他公开可用来源等）采集消费者个人信息；2）对采集的原始信息及衍生信息进行整理、分析和分享；3）向提供某些特定服务的第三方企业出售、许可、交易或提供该信息并从中获得收益。
此外，目前美国没有统一针对“数据经纪人”的特定许可制度。围绕数据经纪人的监管环境相对复杂，涉及多个法律和机构。当前美国主要通过赋予个人数据知情权和决定权、提高数据经纪业的行业透明度、确保数据经纪业的交易安全性这三种方式来对“数据经纪人”进行监管，倘若“数据经纪人”违反监管制度，也会受到罚款等形式的处罚。
（二）国内“数据经纪人”概念
我国“数据经纪人”概念最早提出始于2021年7月正式刊发的《广东省数据要素市场化配置改革行动方案》，其中提到“鼓励设立社会性数据经纪机构，规范开展数据要素市场流通中介服务。探索建立数据经纪人资格认证和管理制度，加强对数据经纪人的监管，规范数据经纪人的执业行为。”从定位上来看，此时“数据经纪人”概念侧重于“属于数据交易场所的配套机构，为数据流通提供中介服务。”之后广州海珠区在阿里、腾讯、小米等数字产业巨头先后落地琶洲人工智能与数字经济试验区的大背景下，先后发布《广州市海珠区数据经纪人试点工作方案》及推出第一批“数据经纪人”名单，才使得“数据经纪人”这一概念有了更为明晰的界定。根据广州市海珠区政务服务数据管理局负责人的解释，“数据经纪人”是指是在政府的监管下，具备开展数据经纪活动资质的机构。该机构要具备生态协同能力、数据运营能力、技术创新能力、数据安全能力和组织保障能力，围绕重点领域开展数据要素市场中介服务，推动数据流通规范化。
（三）与其他国内同类概念的区分
目前，由地方政府发起、主导或批复的数据交易所或数据交易中心等已有数十家。为进一步促进数据要素流动，上海数据交易所提出了“数商”体系，北京国际大数据交易所提出了“数字经济中介产业”体系等与“数字经纪人”相类似的概念。但经过细致比对后仍能发现无论是“数商”体系，抑或是“数字经济中介产业”体系，与“数字经纪人”概念还是有显著差别的。原因在于：其将“数据经纪人”视作“数据服务商”、“数字经济中介”中的一类参与主体，更加强调对数据供需双方的撮合作用。然而，广东提出的“数据经纪人”，其职责作用却不再仅仅局限于对数据供需双方的撮合。根据广州市海珠区的解释，数据经纪人主要承担三方面的职责：一是受托行权，即数据拥有者可以授权数据经纪人行使权力；二是风险控制，在数据流通交易过程中起到中介担保作用；三是价值挖掘，挖掘数据要素价值，充当数据价值发现者、数据交易组织者、交易公平保障者、交易主体权益维护者等多重角色。由此可见，“数据经纪人”的概念被赋予了更多的职能。
二、“数据经纪人”在我国的实践现状
首批入选的三家“数据经纪人”试点企业涉及电力行业、电子商务、金融等领域，均拥有丰富的社会资源来收集数据，以及具备成熟的运营经验。这些试点企业在过去一年的时间里发展现状究竟如何，以下将做一个简要的概括总结。数字化转型网www.szhzxw.cn
（一）广东电网能源投资有限公司：侧重电力数据产品
广东电网能源投资公司（以下简称“广东电网”）持牌上岗数据经纪人后，制定并实施了数据服务与经纪业务集约化运营方案，通过对公司各部门、各地市直属供电局划定工作职责来推动数据经纪人试点工作。经过试点，已通过国家级数据管理能力成熟度4级[1]，将数据管理能力提升到国内顶尖水平；创新设计六大类35项“电力+”服务目录，推动能源数据交易市场化、规范化、产业化，让用户更好享有数字化红利；同时向合作伙伴提供电力数据支撑服务，努力解决中小微企业使用电力方面存在的问题。接下来，广东电网预计将大力拓展电力数据应用场景，积极推动电力数据大规模的社会化应用。
（二）广州金控征信服务有限公司：搭建银行数据安全平台
广州金控征信服务有限公司（以下简称“广州金控”）在2022年后通过数据经纪人身份与多家合作银行开展数据系统对接；与不同数据合作伙伴开展联合建模、产品创新等工作。如定制金融特色产品，并为银行贷前筛查、风险评估定价、贷后管理提供支撑；同时与其他数据经纪人合作，共同促进金融行业的普及与发展；并且打通数据壁垒，创新上线“茶商贷[2]”，促成银行放款超1亿元。接下来，广州金控将持续联合银行机构开展建模、产品共建等行动，推动多方银行安全计算平台落地，为数据要素市场提供高价值探索。
（三）广州唯品会数据科技有限公司：电商数据受益大众
2022年，唯品会信息科技有限公司（以下简称“唯品会”）以“品牌用户运营”和“唯品会智数平台”两个项目为抓手，开展数据经纪人试点工作。从内部供给端出发，将内部数据经过生产加工、清洗、分析后，形成数据产品，利用平台的资源和优势，对存量供应商进行探索性输出，实际效果得到供应商认可。经过试点，内部制定了一套规范高效的品牌对接流程、使用规范和数据赋能方案。目前使用的品牌数约1500多家，品牌创建运营活动超过29万个，自主让利18万多次，获益消费者超5000万人次。
[1] DCMM（数据管理能力成熟度评估模型标准）将数据管理能力成熟度划分为五个等级,自低向高依次为初始级(1级)、受管理级(2级)、稳健级(3级)、量化管理级(4级)和优化级(5级),不同等级代表企业数据管理和应用的成熟度水平不同。数字化转型网www.szhzxw.cn
[2] 对规模较小信誉良好的个体工商户、小微企业主等推出产业特色贷，帮助茶商解决融资问题。
三、“数据经纪人”在我国未来的发展走向
从上述三家首批“数据经纪人”企业的发展现状来看，可见数据经纪人在促进数据交易方面具有独特的优势。推动“数据经纪人”发展，使其与我国现有的数据交易平台合作互动，形成多元化的数据中介模式，才能更好地推动构建数据要素市场。因此，结合我国数据经纪人的现状与域外实践经验，可从以下几个方面补充完善数据经纪人制度，实现数据经纪人在数据交易中的功能。数字化转型网www.szhzxw.cn
（一）制度构建立场：兼顾个人隐私保护与数据行业发展
不同于美国数据行业的蓬勃发展，欧盟在《通用数据保护条例》(General Data Protection Regulation)中强调个人对于数据的控制且不鼓励个人展开数据交易，在一定程度上阻碍了欧盟数据产业的发展。因此，数据经纪人制度设计要平衡好个人权利保护与数据行业发展之间的关系。立法应当尊重个人对于数据的控制，保障其在数据被收集利用时享有知情同意、选择退出、质疑修改的权利。同样，考虑到我国数据产业尚处起步阶段，数据经纪人仍处于试点过程的现状，应当以鼓励相关市场主体积极参与为价值导向，在制度上为数据产业发展、技术创新保留一定的操作空间，增强企业义务的灵活性。例如，买方在向企业请求访问时，其访问的范围应当与数据的敏感程度与使用性相一致。若其请求范围超越了这个界限，企业有权回绝其访问请求。企业对于数据安全保护所采取的措施，应当与数据面临的风险相适应。不能过分苛求企业，要充分考虑其从事相关业务活动的成本与收益，减轻数据经纪人的合规成本。
（二）制度准入设计：市场准入资格许可和年度注册登记制
目前，处于试点阶段的数据经纪人在很多情况下没有相关法律规范约束，容易造成侵犯个人信息权利、数据产品违法违规等后果。因此，我们在推行该制度的同时，要确保数据经纪人企业具备必要的责任承担能力。具体体现在: 在规模层面，需具备一定的资金实力，能够在后续数据产品侵犯权利的事件中具备相应的赔偿能力，例如美国加州政府《消费者隐私保护法案 (California Consumer Protection Act)》中就将适用对象定义为“年收入超过2500万美元的企业”在技术层面，企业须具备较强的技术实力，保障数据存储、传输、应用安全，对人人信息数据采取与企业规模、数据总量等相适应的安全保卫措施，应用区块链、元数据存储等现有技术，对于交易信息追踪溯源，确保数据安全合规与交易风险可控: 在人员方面，企业应当配备具有数据处理技术、法律专业知识等多方面知识的专业化人才队伍，加强雇员培训管理，保障其处理应对数据交易与突发风险问题。在法律责任承担方面，参照美国相关数据保护法案的规定，如果违反的相关义务,或未实施和维护合理安全程序以及采取与信息性质相符的做法来保护人人信息，从而致使个人信息及数据遭受未经授权的访问、泄漏、盗窃或披露，那么被侵权者有权向数据经纪人提起民事诉讼，其可主张数据经纪人就每次违规事件对每个被侵权者赔偿定额的损害赔偿金或实际损害赔偿金 (以数额较大为准),或者被侵权者也可以主张发布禁止令或宣告性法律救济，以及向法院寻求其他权利救济途径。
与此同时，也可以要求数据经纪人向相关政府部门进行年度注册，一方面能够增强数据经纪人监管的透明度，另一方面也能保障数据经纪人灵活退出该行业的权利，鼓励更多的市场主体积极参与数据产业。
（三）制度功能规划：发挥其在数据价值与定价方面的作用
数据交易有赖于数据价值的发现。数据经纪人应当发挥其在供需双方之间的桥梁作用，在交易中挖掘数据价值，与数据来源方对接，寻找相关数据的应用场景，帮助其发现数据价值；与数据需求者对接，探索数据高效利用的途径，促成交易，实现数据要素的价值。数字化转型网www.szhzxw.cn
关于数据如何定价的问题，应当鼓励提高数据经纪人在价格制定方面的专业性与影响力,帮助数据供需双方提高定价效率，归纳总结形成数据行业定价规范。此处，广州海珠区推出的全国首个“数据经纪人撮合交易定价器”就是一个值得鼓励推广的实践实例。该交易定价器从价格形成原理出发，将数据资产在采集核验、分析挖掘、转移交换等各阶段产生的直接成本和间接成本分成6大分类和14小项进行量化分析，并建立标准参数数据库，纳入数据质量系数、数据流通系数、数据风险系数等三重影响系数，结合市场供求情况综合评估计算数据产品价格，实现了不同应用场景、不同交易对象、不同实时状态下的“一键报价”功能。例如当交易市场出现定价需求时，在该交易定价器中可以输入客户需求和客户情况模型，定价器通过调用后台数据库和条件参数，即可准确报出价格，从而为不在数据交易所注册登记的经营主体自发交易提供定价参考。目前该交易定价器已投入使用，帮助广东电网与省内多家通信、金融企业达成战略合作，将电力数据广泛应用于应急管理、经济分析、信息服务等场景，有效释放数据价值。当然，光有交易定价器是远远不够的，后续还需引入听证机制，充分听取数据来源商、交易平台、数据经纪人等与数据交易相关的各方主体建议，为数据交易行为划定合理的区间。数字化转型网www.szhzxw.cn
目前，数据经纪人在我国还处于初步实践的阶段，期待后续数据经纪人的发展，能够填补数据交易市场上平台因自身劣势形成的空缺，为数据供需双方提供多元化的数据中介服务，促进数据流通交易，激活数字经济。
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英文翻译：
Introduction
As an important player in the digital economy, data brokers aggregate information from multiple sources, link data providers and consumers, greatly reduce the barriers to finding, acquiring and integrating data, and play an important role in integrating data resources and realizing the value of data. On May 23, 2022, relying on the industrial advantages of Pazhou artificial intelligence and digital economy Pilot Zone and the development opportunity of creating a new highland of the “Pazhou Computing Valley” digital intelligence economy, with the approval of the Guangdong Provincial Government Service Data Administration Bureau, Guangzhou Haizhu District took the lead in launching the first batch of “data brokers” list in the country. 数字化转型网www.szhzxw.cn
Now, more than a year has passed since the first list of “data brokers” was launched in China. For the rapid development of this emerging field, it is necessary to study and summarize the relevant regulations. Therefore, this paper will mainly discuss the difference between the concept of “data broker” in China and the concept of “data broker” in the United States. As well as the current practice status and future development trend of the role of “data broker” in China.
First, the concept of “data broker”
(1) The concept of “data broker” in the United States
In the United States, the concept of “data broker” is not defined exactly the same at the state and federal levels. In 2018, An act relating to data brokers and Consumers, enacted by the state of Vermont protection defines a data broker as “a company that collects, sells, or licenses to third parties the use of consumers’ personal information that is not directly associated with the business.” In the California Consumer Privacy Act, enacted by the California Legislature in October 2019, data brokers are defined as “groups whose business is to integrate and sell consumer data that is not related to their business.”
At the federal level, the Delete Act, unveiled by the U.S. Senate in February 2022, defines a data broker as “an entity that knowingly collects or obtains personal information with which it is not directly associated, and uses that information to: 数字化转型网www.szhzxw.cn
1) provide services to third parties;
2) Sell, license, trade, provide references or otherwise provide personal information to third parties for payment.”
To sum up, although the state and federal definitions of “data broker” are different, the concept of “data broker” can be broadly summarized as having the following characteristics:
1) collecting consumers’ personal information through various channels (such as government sources, commercial sources and other publicly available sources). 2) Collate, analyze and share the original and derived information collected. 3) Sell, license, trade or provide this information to third party businesses that provide certain specific services and receive benefits from it.
In addition, there is currently no uniform specific licensing system for “data brokers” in the United States. The regulatory environment surrounding data brokers is relatively complex, involving multiple laws and agencies. At present, the United States mainly regulates “data brokers” by giving personal data the right to know and decide, improving the transparency of the data brokerage industry, and ensuring the transaction security of the data brokerage industry. If “data brokers” violate the regulatory system, they will also be punished in the form of fines.数字化转型网www.szhzxw.cn
(2) The concept of domestic “data broker”
The concept of “data broker” in China was first proposed in the “Action Plan for the market-oriented Allocation of Data Elements in Guangdong Province” officially published in July 2021, which mentioned that “to encourage the establishment of social data broker institutions and standardize the intermediary services for the circulation of data elements in the market.” We will explore the establishment of a qualification certification and management system for data brokers, strengthen the supervision of data brokers, and standardize the practice behavior of data brokers.” From the perspective of positioning, the concept of “data broker” at this time focuses on “supporting institutions belonging to data trading venues, providing intermediary services for data circulation.”
After that, Guangzhou Haizhu District in Ali, Tencent, millet and other digital industry giants have landed in Pazhou artificial intelligence and digital economy pilot zone under the background, has issued the “Guangzhou Haizhu District data broker pilot work plan” and launched the first batch of “data broker” list, so that the concept of “data broker” has a clearer definition. According to the person in charge of the government service Data Administration Bureau of Haizhu District, Guangzhou, “data broker” refers to an organization that is qualified to carry out data brokerage activities under the supervision of the government. The agency should have ecological coordination capabilities, data operation capabilities, technological innovation capabilities, data security capabilities and organizational support capabilities, and carry out data element market intermediary services around key areas to promote the standardization of data circulation.数字化转型网www.szhzxw.cn
(3) The distinction with other domestic similar concepts
At present, there are dozens of data exchanges or data trading centers initiated, led or approved by local governments. In order to further promote the flow of data elements, the Shanghai Data Exchange put forward the “number quotient” system. And the Beijing International Big Data Exchange put forward the “digital economy intermediary industry” system and similar concepts to the “digital broker”. However, after careful comparison. It can still be found that whether it is the “number quotient” system or the “digital economy intermediary industry” system. There is still a significant difference between the concept of “digital broker”.
The reason is that it regards the “data broker” as a type of participant in the “data service provider” and “digital economy intermediary”. And puts more emphasis on the matching role of the data supply and demand sides. However, the role of Guangdong’s proposed “data broker” is no longer limited to matching data supply and demand parties. According to the explanation of Haizhu District of Guangzhou, data brokers mainly bear three responsibilities:. First, the fiduciary exercise power, that is, the data owner can authorize the data broker to exercise power. The second is risk control, which plays the role of intermediary guarantee in the process of data circulation transaction. The third is value mining, mining the value of data elements, acting as a data value finder, data transaction organizer, transaction fairness guarantor. And defender of the rights and interests of transaction subjects. It can be seen that the concept of “data broker” has been given more functions.数字化转型网www.szhzxw.cn
Second, practice status of “data broker” in China
The first three “data broker” pilot enterprises involved in the power industry, e-commerce, finance and other fields, have rich social resources to collect data, and have mature operational experience. The following will make a brief summary of the status quo of the development of these pilot enterprises in the past year.
(1) Guangdong Power Grid Energy Investment Co., LTD. : focusing on power data products
After Guangdong Power Grid Energy Investment Company (hereinafter referred to as “Guangdong Power Grid”) was licensed as a data broker. It developed and implemented an intensive operation plan for data services and brokerage business. And promoted the pilot work of data brokers by assigning job responsibilities to various departments of the company and power supply bureaus directly under the municipal government. 数字化转型网www.szhzxw.cn
After the pilot, it has passed the national level of data management capability maturity level 4 [1], raising its data management capability to the top level in China; Innovative design of 35 “power +” service catalogs in six categories, promote the marketization, standardization and industrialization of energy data trading, so that users can better enjoy digital dividends; At the same time, we provide power data support services to partners, and strive to solve the problems existing in the use of electricity by small, medium and micro enterprises. Next, Guangdong Power Grid is expected to vigorously expand the application scenarios of power data and actively promote the large-scale social application of power data.
(2) Guangzhou Financial Holding Credit Information Service Co., LTD. : Build a bank data security platform
Guangzhou Financial Holding Credit Information Service Co., LTD. (hereinafter referred to as “Guangzhou Financial Holding”) will carry out data system docking with a number of cooperative banks through the capacity of data broker after 2022. Work with different data partners on joint modeling, product innovation, etc. Such as customized financial products, and provide support for banks’ pre-loan screening, risk assessment and pricing, and post-loan management;
At the same time, cooperate with other data brokers to promote the popularization and development of the financial industry; And break through the data barriers, innovative online “tea merchant loan [2]”, resulting in bank loans of more than 100 million yuan. Next, Guangzhou Financial Holding will continue to cooperate with banking institutions to carry out modeling, product co-construction and other actions, promote the landing of multi-bank security computing platforms, and provide high-value exploration for the data element market.数字化转型网www.szhzxw.cn
(3) Guangzhou Vipshop Data Technology Co., LTD. : e-commerce data benefit the public
In 2022, VIpshop Information Technology Co., LTD. (hereinafter referred to as “VIpshop”) to “brand user operation” and “Vipshop smart data platform” two projects as the starting point, to carry out data broker pilot work. Starting from the internal supply side, the internal data is produced, processed, cleaned and analyzed to form data products.
And the resources and advantages of the platform are utilized to carry out exploratory output to the stock suppliers. And the actual effect is recognized by the suppliers. After the pilot, a set of standardized and efficient brand docking process, use specifications and data empowerment program has been developed internally. Currently, there are more than 1,500 brands in use, more than 290,000 brand creation and operation activities. And more than 180,000 independent profits, benefiting more than 50 million consumers. 数字化转型网www.szhzxw.cn
[1] DCMM (Data Management Capability Maturity Evaluation Model Standard) divides the maturity of data management capability into five levels, from low to high, which are initial level (level 1), managed level (level 2), robust level (level 3), quantitative management level (level 4) and optimization level (level 5). Different levels represent different levels of maturity of enterprise data management and application.
[2] Launch industry characteristic loans for small and reputable individual businesses and small and micro business owners to help tea merchants solve financing problems.
Third, the future development trend of “data brokers” in China
From the development status of the above three first “data broker” enterprises. It can be seen that data brokers have unique advantages in promoting data transactions. To promote the development of “data brokers”, make them cooperate and interact with existing data trading platforms in China. And form a diversified data intermediary model, in order to better promote the construction of data element market. Therefore, combining the current situation of Chinese data brokers and overseas practical experience. The data broker system can be supplemented and improved from the following aspects to realize the function of data brokers in data transactions.数字化转型网www.szhzxw.cn
(1) System construction position: taking into account personal privacy protection and data industry development
Unlike the booming Data industry in the United States, the European Union’s General Data Protection Regulation. Which emphasizes individual control over data and discouragesindividuals from conducting data transactions, has hindered the development of the EU data industry to some extent. Therefore, the design of the data broker system should balance the relationship between the protection of individual rights and the development of the data industry.
Legislation should respect individuals’ control over data and guarantee their rights to informed consent, opt-out and challenge changes when data is collected and used. Similarly, considering that China’s data industry is still in its infancy and data brokers are still in the pilot process. It should be value-oriented to encourage the active participation of relevant market players. And retain certain operational space for data industry development and technological innovation in the system to enhance the flexibility of corporate obligations. 数字化转型网www.szhzxw.cn
For example, when the buyer requests access from the enterprise. The scope of the access should be consistent with the sensitivity and usability of the data. If the scope of the request exceeds this limit, the enterprise has the right to deny the access request. The measures taken by the enterprise for data security protection should be appropriate to the risks faced by the data. Enterprises should not be overly demanding, but should fully consider the costs and benefits of their relevant business activities to reduce the compliance costs of data brokers.
(2) System access design: market access qualification license and annual registration system
At present, data brokers in the pilot stage are not constrained by relevant laws and regulations in many cases. Which is easy to cause consequences such as infringement of personal information rights and illegal data products. Therefore, while implementing this system, we must ensure that data broker enterprises have the necessary responsibility capacity. It is specifically reflected in the following aspects:. At the scale level, it is necessary to have a certain financial strength. And be able to have the corresponding compensation ability in the subsequent data product infringement events.
For example, the California government’s Consumer Privacy Protection Act defines the applicable object as “enterprises with annual revenue of more than 25 million US dollars”. At the technical level, enterprises must have strong technical strength to ensure the security of data storage, transmission and application. Adopt security measures for Renren information data that are compatible with enterprise scale and total amount of data, apply existing technologies such as blockchain and metadata storage, and track and trace transaction information to ensure data security and compliance and transaction risks can be controlled. 数字化转型网www.szhzxw.cn
In terms of personnel, enterprises should be equipped with professional personnel with data processing technology, legal expertise and other aspects of knowledge.
Strengthen the training management of employees to ensure that they deal with data transactions and unexpected risks. In terms of legal liability, with reference to the provisions of the relevant Data Protection Act of the United States. If the relevant obligations are breached, or reasonable security procedures are not implemented and maintained.
And practices consistent with the nature of the information are adopted to protect everyone’s information. Thereby exposing personal information and data to unauthorized access, disclosure, theft or disclosure. Then the infringed party has the right to file a civil lawsuit against the data broker. And it can claim that the data broker compensates each infringed party with a fixed amount of damages or actual damages (whichever is larger) for each violation. Or the infringed party can also claim to issue an injunction or declaratory legal relief. And seek other rights relief channels from the court.
At the same time, data brokers can also be required to register with relevant government departments on the annual basis. On the one hand to enhance the transparency of data broker supervision, on the other hand. It can also protect the right of data brokers to flexibly exit the industry. And encourage more market players to actively participate in the data industry.
(3) Institutional function planning: play its role in data value and pricing
Trading data depends on discovering its value. Data brokers should play a role as a bridge between the supply and demand sides, mining data value in the transaction, docking with data sources. Looking for relevant data application scenarios, and helping them find data value. Connect with data demanders, explore ways of efficient use of data, facilitate transactions, and realize the value of data elements.
On the issue of how to price data, we should encourage data brokers to improve their professionalism and influence in price formulation, help data supply and demand sides improve pricing efficiency, and summarize and form pricing norms in the data industry. Here, the country’s first “data broker matchmaking pricing device” launched in Guangzhou Haizhu District is a practical example worth encouraging and promoting. 数字化转型网www.szhzxw.cn
Starting from the principle of price formation, the transaction pricing device divides the direct and indirect costs generated by data assets in various stages such as collection, verification, analysis and mining, transfer and exchange into 6 categories and 14 items for quantitative analysis, and establishes a standard parameter database. Including data quality coefficient, data circulation coefficient, data risk coefficient and other triple influence coefficients. Combined with the market supply and demand situation, the price of data products is comprehensively evaluated and calculated. And the “one-click quotation” function is realized under different application scenarios, different transaction objects and different real-time states.
For example
For example, when there is a pricing demand in the trading market. Customer demand and customer situation model can be input in the trading pricing device. And the pricing device can accurately quote the price by calling the background database and condition parameters. So as to provide pricing reference for the spontaneous trading of business entities not registered in the data exchange. At present, the transaction pricing device has been put into use. Helping Guangdong Power Grid to reach strategic cooperation with a number of communication and financial enterprises in the province. And widely applying power data to emergency management, economic analysis, information services and other scenarios, effectively releasing the value of data. 数字化转型网www.szhzxw.cn
Of course, only the transaction pricing device is far from enough. And the subsequent hearing mechanism needs to be introduced to fully listen to the suggestions of data sources, trading platforms. Data brokers and other parties related to data trading, and delimit a reasonable range for data trading behavior.
At present, data brokers are still in the preliminary stage of practice in China. And we look forward to the subsequent development of data brokers. Which can fill the vacancy formed by the platform in the data trading market due to its own disadvantages. Provide diversified data intermediary services for both data supply and demand parties. Promote data circulation and transaction, and activate the digital economy.
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