随着数字化时代的到来，发生了以数字化、智能化为典型特征的新一轮科技革命，各行各业利用互联网、大数据、云计算、人工智能、区块链技术对传统产业进行全方位、全链条改造，实施“上云用数赋智”行动，全面推进各行业数字化转型。数字经济的大门已然开启，数字经济顶层战略规划体系日趋完备，把握住数字机遇，已经成为时代的使命。数字化转型规划是各个企业现阶段突破和创新发展的有利手段，是企业应对新机遇的必要条件。
一、企业数字化转型规划的分类及构成
1. 数字化转型规划的分类
从规划单位的角度分：企业数字化转型规划主要分为大型国有企业类规划、中小企业类规划、传统企业类规划等。从行业的角度分：企业数字化转型规划主要分为化工行业企业类、医疗行业企业类、电力行业企业类、园区企业类、能源企业类、水利企业类、工业制造业企业类等。从时间角度分：企业数字化转型规划主要分为一年期规划、两年期规划、三年期规划、五年期规划、长期规划等。
从高度层面分：企业数字化转型规划主要分为实施性规划、战略性规划等。实施性规划具有兼容并包性，既有战略性规划的务虚性，又具有较强的务实性，既具有战略性规划的高度支撑，又具有一定的指导意义和可落地性，因此现有多数企业的规划较倾向于实施性规划。以下以实施性规划为例讲述对数字化转型规划编制方法的研究。 数字化转型网（www.szhzxw.cn）
2. 数字化转型规划的构成
企业数字化转型规划基本由三个部分构成。
第一部分：调研报告及规划思路，主要包括但不限于以下内容：（1）规划定位（结合企业顶层规划和企业战略进行定位）；（2）目标、思路；（3）需求调研汇总；（4）初步规划方案；（5）保障措施分析；（6）下一步工作部署。
第二部分：数字化转型规划编制，主要包括但不限于以下内容：（1）概述；（2）现状、需求分析；（3）规划模型；（4）目标定位；（5）思路原则；（6）规划方案（含规划投资）；（7）保障措施；（8）远景展望。
第三部分：相关附表及附图，包括但不限于以下几部分：（1）重点项目一览表；（2）投资估算一览表；（3）实施路线一张图；（4）顶层规划总体架构图。
二、企业数字化转型规划的方法
1. 企业数字化规划流程
数字化转型规划编制的流程主要包括基础设施和资源摸底、规划调研、内外部交流、规划征求意见、规划内外部评审等阶段，规划编制贯穿各个阶段，具体到各个阶段的项目实施过程中或每个主要事项的事前及事后，都会有一些相应的配合或穿插工作的开展，如图1所示。
数字化转型规划与其他规划类似，首先要做的工作就是现有企业的信息化、数字化的现状摸底，然后开展一到多轮的调研工作，并同时开展内外部的技术交流工作，此三项工作可根据工作需要依序或穿插进行。通过摸底、调研（包含战略层面的调研）和技术交流，编制规划的调研报告及思路整理，征求意见及高层调研交流后，开展规划的整理和正式编制工作，其中可穿插进行一些交流和求证，并作方向性的意见征求和评审指导，避免规划方向跑偏。 数字化转型网（www.szhzxw.cn）
从实际出发，基于现状，开展多层次需求调研和考察工作，综合需求和考察结果，开展需求与技术整合工作，并开展部分技术方案预演。根据技术方案的预演结果和对比分析，整合分析结果，选取适合企业的数字化转型规划方案，并报企业数字化领导小组和外聘专家评审。数字化转型规划要做到分步实施、逐层递进、取长补短、整改不足、发挥优势，保证企业数字化转型规划工作圆满完成，具体过程如图2所示。
2. 企业数字化转型规划准备
数字化转型规划前期要做好充分的准备工作，成立规划领导小组、聘任专业的数字化转型规划咨询团队、制定翔实的实施计划、开展充分调研准备等是必不可少的工作内容。
1) 前期准备工作
（1）成立规划领导小组
好的企业数字化转型规划，离不开有力的组织保障。一般企业在先期会成立专门的规划领导小组，组长由企业“一把手”担任，领导小组成员一般要涵盖企业高层，以及企业各管理部门和主要生产部门的“一把手”，“一把手”工程是规划成败的关键。另外，领导小组要下设具体负责规划工作的“规划领导小组办公室”，统筹具体的规划编制和后续规划的实施落地。
（2）聘任专业的数字化转型规划咨询团队
数字化转型涉及千行百业，大部分行业企业不具备自我规划的编制能力，为保证规划的专业性、可靠性、可落地性，企业在数字化转型规划的过程中，原则上建议聘任专业的数字化转型规划咨询团队配合甲方完成规划编制工作，但限于数字化转型规划咨询团队的业务局限性，同时也需要行业企业的专业团队深度参与，共同完成数字化转型规划的编制工作。企业需要转变“甩手掌柜式”思维，由数字化和行业专业化完美配合，铸就契合行业特点的数字化转型规划，保障规划的行业专业性和可实施性。
（3）数字化转型规划实施计划
实施计划是规划开展的排头兵，是做好规划的先决条件，好的实施计划才能进入一个好的开端。实施计划要明确初步的规划思路和工作步骤，确定初步的规划目标，制定翔实的实施计划安排，并确定规划项目团队。
2) 调研准备工作
调研准备需要从调研计划、调研表格、调研记录等几个方面着手。首先，需要准备充分的调研计划，合理安排规划工期，充分而且合理的调研计划是规划调研工作能否按时保质完成的基础，可以按照WBS计划的方式进行任务分解和工作安排。
其次，调研表格是调研准备工作的实质内涵，是调研是否完善充分的灵魂所在，一般需要从顶层战略调研（包括有限定位和宏伟展望）、基础设施调研、应用需求调研、高层调研、部门调研、基层调研等几个方面来准备。 数字化转型网（www.szhzxw.cn）
最后，调研记录是调研工作保障所在，一般包含但不限于日报、周报、月报、汇总记录等各种形式。
3. 企业数字化规划调研报告及思路
规划调研报告和思路需要从几个方面入手：企业数字化转型的定义、为什么做数字化转型、别人如何做的、企业的现状和差距、数字化的发展阶段定义、规划定位思考、规划依据、规划目标、规划原则、规划整体思路、规划初步架构及构想、初步调研汇总、初步规划方案、保障措施及下一步规划计划等，要从多方面进行全方位考虑。企业数字化转型的定义、为什么做数字化转型、别人如何做的、企业的现状和差距、数字化的发展阶段定义、规划定位思考等，主要是统一企业各层面对企业数字化转型的认识和方向。
如果企业内部对数字化转型不形成统一的认知，对数字化转型的定位不达成统一的思想，下一步的工作开展将较为困难，也不利于形成后续的统一架构和方案，因此统一认知和思想是规划迈向成功的关键一步。规划依据、规划目标、规划原则、规划整体思路、规划初步架构及构想、初步调研汇总、初步规划方案等，是整个调研的汇总和统一，是规划编制的基础。依据（尤其是行业依据）是目标保障规划的方向不跑偏，原则是规划工作从始至终的边界保障，整体思路和架构是规划的总体方案引领，初步调研汇总是规划方案编制的核心基础，初步规划方案是规划编制的雏形和初步思考。
4. 企业数字化规划编制
企业数字化规划编制可根据各行业特点进行适用性考虑，一般包括但不限于以下几部分内容。
（1）概述：从项目背景、必要性、编制依据、规划范围、年限、规划组成等各方面进行规划的简要概述。
（2）现状、需求分析：对国内企业的数字化发展现状、对应项目的企业数字化发展现状、存在问题分析、需求分析等各方面进行全面梳理，针对企业的数字化发展现状和存在的问题，以及现有的差距和具体的需求，得出规划的需求分析内容。
（3）规划模型：数字化转型模型现状分析，包括中国信通院发布IOMM模型、国有企业全链路数字化转型白皮书中的五化能力评估模型、国有企业数字化转型橙皮书（2021）中的六化模型、赛迪智库的六化模型、中关村发展联盟发布的团标数字化转型成熟度模型等。
结合上述各类模型和企业的实际，总结出适合企业本身的数字化总体规划模型，如可参考成熟度模型中规范级、场景级、领域级、平台级、生态级等各个成熟度级别，针对数字化规划模型进行各个维度的模型分析，既要切合企业实际，又需要量化各项指标，以便于后续实施的复盘和后评估。
（4）目标定位：包括企业数字化转型的定义、规划的定位、规划的目标，目标包括总体目标、各阶段目标以及期末目标等。 数字化转型网（www.szhzxw.cn）
（5）思路原则：包括基本原则、规划思路、总体架构等。
（6）规划方案：主要包括数字化基座规划、数字化应用内核规划（从目标、方案、效果、各类应用、投资等各方面展开逐层逐项的规划方案），数字化安全系统规划，数字化运维规划，数字化标准体系规划等。
（7）保障措施及汇总：可结合企业实际从组织保障、资金保障、运维保障、人才保障、制度保障等各方面进行保障措施的分析。最后规划要体现整体的观览性，主要体现在项目一览表和实施路线一张图，这是实施性规划保障落地的重要组成部分，是通篇规划的真实凝练所在。
（8）重点行业要求：重点行业企业的数字化转型规划的编制过程一定要注重行业特点和个性化需求，这是一项尤其需要关注的重点内容，忽略了行业特点而妄谈数字化转型，将会是空中楼阁式的纸上谈兵，行业的特定性要求是行业类企业数字化转型的重中之重。
三、结语
中国经济正由高速增长转向高质量发展的新阶段，关键核心技术不断实现重大突破，随着数字经济和智能经济不断攀升、不断进阶发展，产业数字化和新基建已经成为引领下一轮经济增长的核心驱动力。在数字经济的浪潮中，企业将数据由信息化时代的业务流程副产品转变成数字化时代的企业资产，进行数据运营将成为数字化时代的必然趋势，企业数字化转型将成为各行业企业的一把开疆利斧，是企业发展走向智能化的必经之路。 数字化转型网（www.szhzxw.cn）
翻译：
A top-level planning approach for enterprise digital transformation
With the advent of the digital era, there has been a new round of scientific and technological revolution with digitalization and intelligence as the typical characteristics, and all walks of life use the Internet, big data, cloud computing, artificial intelligence, and blockchain technology to carry out all-round and whole-chain transformation of traditional industries, implement the “cloud with data intelligence” action, and comprehensively promote the digital transformation of various industries. The door of the digital economy has been opened, the top-level strategic planning system of the digital economy is becoming more and more complete, and seizing the digital opportunities has become the mission of The Times. Digital transformation planning is a favorable means for enterprises to break through and innovate at this stage, and is a necessary condition for enterprises to cope with new opportunities.
First, classification and composition of enterprise digital transformation planning
1. Classification of digital transformation planning
From the perspective of planning units, enterprise digital transformation planning is mainly divided into large state-owned enterprise planning, small and medium-sized enterprise planning, traditional enterprise planning and so on. From the perspective of industry: Enterprise digital transformation planning is mainly divided into chemical industry enterprise, medical industry enterprise, power industry enterprise, park enterprise, energy enterprise, water conservancy enterprise, industrial manufacturing enterprise and so on. From the perspective of time: enterprise digital transformation planning is mainly divided into one-year planning, two-year planning, three-year planning, five-year planning, long-term planning, etc.
From a high level: enterprise digital transformation planning is mainly divided into implementation planning, strategic planning and so on. Implementation planning is compatible and inclusive, not only the pragmatic nature of strategic planning, but also has strong practicality, not only has a high degree of strategic planning support, but also has a certain guiding significance and landing, so most of the existing enterprise planning is more inclined to implementation planning. The following takes implementation planning as an example to describe the research on the preparation method of digital transformation planning.
2. What constitutes digital transformation planning
Enterprise digital transformation planning is basically composed of three parts.
Part I: Research report and planning ideas, mainly including but not limited to the following contents: (1) planning positioning (combined with enterprise top-level planning and enterprise strategy positioning); (2) Goals and ideas; (3) Demand investigation and summary; (4) Preliminary planning scheme; (5) safeguard measure analysis; (6) Next work deployment.
Part II: Digital transformation planning, including but not limited to the following: (1) overview; (2) Current situation and demand analysis; (3) Planning model; (4) Target positioning; (5) Principle of thinking; (6) Planning scheme (including planning investment); (7) Safeguard measures; (8) Long-term outlook.
Part III: Relevant schedules and drawings, including but not limited to the following parts: (1) List of key projects; (2) Investment estimation list; (3) A map of the implementation route; (4) Overall structure diagram of top-level planning. 数字化转型网（www.szhzxw.cn）
Second, the method of enterprise digital transformation planning
1. Enterprise digital planning process
The process of digital transformation planning mainly includes the mapping of infrastructure and resources, planning research, internal and external communication, planning solicitation, planning internal and external review, etc. Planning planning runs through each stage, and specific to the project implementation process at each stage or before and after each major event, there will be some corresponding cooperation or interspersed work, as shown in Figure 1.
Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the planning process
Digital transformation planning is similar to other planning, the first work to be done is to find out the current situation of informatization and digitalization of existing enterprises, and then carry out one to multiple rounds of research work, and carry out internal and external technical exchanges at the same time, the three work can be carried out in sequence or interpenetration according to the work needs. Through mapping, research (including research at the strategic level) and technical exchanges, the preparation of planning research reports and ideas, after soliciting opinions and high-level research and exchange, carry out the planning and formal preparation work, which can be interspersed with some exchanges and verification, and directional opinion solicitation and review guidance, to avoid the direction of the planning.
From the actual situation, based on the current situation, multi-level demand research and investigation work, comprehensive demand and investigation results, to carry out the integration of demand and technology, and to carry out part of the technical plan preview. According to the preview results and comparative analysis of the technical plan, the digital transformation planning plan suitable for the enterprise is selected by integrating the analysis results, and submitted to the enterprise digital leading group and external experts for review. Digital transformation planning should be implemented step by step, step by step, learn from each other, rectify shortcomings, and give full play to advantages to ensure the successful completion of enterprise digital transformation planning. The specific process is shown in Figure 2. 数字化转型网（www.szhzxw.cn）
FIG. 2 Example diagram of digital transformation planning case preparation process
2. Preparation for enterprise digital transformation planning
In the early stage of digital transformation planning, it is necessary to make full preparations, set up a planning leading group, hire a professional digital transformation planning consulting team, formulate a detailed implementation plan, and carry out adequate research and preparation.
1) Preparatory work
(1) Establish a planning leading group
A good enterprise digital transformation plan cannot be separated from a strong organizational guarantee. In general, enterprises will set up a special planning leading group in the advance, the leader of the enterprise “leader” as the leader, the members of the leading group generally cover the senior management of the enterprise, as well as the “leader” of the management department and the main production department, the “leader” project is the key to the success of the planning. In addition, the leading group should set up a “planning leading Group office” specifically responsible for planning work, and coordinate the specific planning preparation and implementation of follow-up planning.
(2) Hire a professional digital transformation planning consulting team
Digital transformation involves thousands of industries, and enterprises in most industries do not have the ability to prepare their own plans. In order to ensure the professionalism, reliability and practicability of the plans, during the process of digital transformation planning, enterprises are recommended to hire professional digital transformation planning consulting teams to assist Party A in the preparation of the plans. However, limited to the business limitations of the digital transformation planning consulting team, it also requires the deep participation of professional teams of industry enterprises to jointly complete the preparation of digital transformation planning. Enterprises need to change the “shake the palm cabinet” thinking, perfect coordination between digitalization and industry specialization, create a digital transformation plan that fits the characteristics of the industry, and ensure the industry professionalism and implemensibility of the planning.
(3) Digital transformation plan implementation plan
Implementation plan is the vanguard of planning, is a prerequisite for planning, good implementation plan can enter a good beginning. The implementation plan shall clarify the preliminary planning ideas and work steps, determine the preliminary planning objectives, formulate detailed implementation plan arrangements, and determine the planning project team.
2) Research preparation
Research preparation should start from several aspects, such as research plan, research form and research record. First of all, it is necessary to prepare a sufficient research plan and reasonably arrange the planning period. Adequate and reasonable research plan is the basis for the timely and quality completion of the planning research work. Task decomposition and work arrangement can be carried out in accordance with the WBS plan. 数字化转型网（www.szhzxw.cn）
Secondly, the survey form is the essence of the research preparation work and the soul of whether the research is perfect and sufficient. It generally needs to be prepared from several aspects such as top-level strategic research (including limited positioning and grand outlook), infrastructure research, application demand research, high-level research, department research, and grassroots research.
Finally, the research record is the guarantee of the research work, which generally includes but is not limited to daily, weekly, monthly reports, summary records and other forms.
3. Enterprise digital planning research report and ideas
Planning research reports and ideas need to start from several aspects: Definition of enterprise digital transformation, why do digital transformation, how others do it, current situation and gap of enterprises, definition of digital development stage, planning positioning thinking, planning basis, planning objectives, planning principles, overall planning ideas, preliminary planning framework and conception, preliminary research summary, preliminary planning scheme, safeguard measures and next step planning plan, etc. It is necessary to consider all aspects from various aspects. The definition of enterprise digital transformation, why do digital transformation, how others do it, the current situation and gap of enterprises, the definition of digital development stage, planning and positioning thinking, etc., mainly unify the understanding and direction of enterprise digital transformation at all levels.
If the enterprise does not form a unified understanding of digital transformation and does not reach a unified idea on the positioning of digital transformation, it will be more difficult to carry out the next step of work, and it is not conducive to the formation of a follow-up unified framework and plan. Therefore, unified cognition and thought is a key step towards the success of planning. Planning basis, planning objectives, planning principles, planning overall ideas, planning preliminary framework and conception, preliminary research summary, preliminary planning scheme, etc., are the summary and unification of the entire research, and are the basis of planning preparation. The basis (especially the industry basis) is to ensure that the direction of the planning is not deviated, the principle is the boundary guarantee of the planning work from the beginning to the end, the overall idea and framework are the guidance of the overall plan, the preliminary investigation and summary are the core foundation of the planning plan, and the preliminary plan is the prototype and preliminary thinking of the planning plan.
4. Enterprise digital planning
Enterprise digital planning can be applied according to the characteristics of various industries, which generally includes but is not limited to the following parts.
(1) Overview: A brief overview of the planning from the aspects of project background, necessity, preparation basis, planning scope, period, planning composition, etc.
(2) Current situation and demand analysis: The digital development status of domestic enterprises, the digital development status of corresponding projects, the existing problem analysis, demand analysis and other aspects of a comprehensive review, according to the digital development status and existing problems of enterprises, as well as existing gaps and specific needs, the planned demand analysis content. 数字化转型网（www.szhzxw.cn）
(3) Planning model: Analysis of the current situation of digital transformation models, including the IOMM model released by the China Academy of Information and Communications Technology, the five capabilities assessment model in the White paper of full-link digital transformation of State-owned enterprises, the six models in the Orange Book of Digital Transformation of State-owned enterprises (2021), the six models of CCID Think Tank, and the group digital transformation maturity model released by Zhongguancun Development Alliance.
Combined with the above-mentioned models and the actual situation of the enterprise, the digital master planning model suitable for the enterprise is summarized. For example, the model analysis of the digital planning model in various dimensions can be carried out by referring to the maturity level of specification level, scene level, domain level, platform level and ecological level in the maturity model, which should not only meet the actual situation of the enterprise, but also need to quantify various indicators. To facilitate subsequent implementation of the review and post-evaluation.
(4) Target positioning: including the definition of enterprise digital transformation, planning positioning, planning goals, including the overall goals, goals at each stage and end-of-term goals.
(5) Thinking principles: including basic principles, planning ideas, overall structure, etc.
(6) Planning scheme: mainly includes digital base planning, digital application core planning (from the goals, schemes, effects, various applications, investment and other aspects of the planning scheme layer by layer), digital security system planning, digital operation and maintenance planning, digital standard system planning.
(7) Safeguard measures and summary: The safeguard measures can be analyzed from various aspects such as organizational guarantee, financial guarantee, operation and maintenance guarantee, talent guarantee and system guarantee according to the actual situation of the enterprise. The final planning should reflect the overall viewing, mainly reflected in the list of projects and a map of the implementation route, which is an important part of the implementation of the planning to ensure the landing, is the true condensation of the whole planning. 数字化转型网（www.szhzxw.cn）
(8) Key industry requirements: the preparation process of digital transformation planning of key industry enterprises must pay attention to the characteristics of the industry and personalized needs, which is a particular need to pay attention to the key content, ignoring the characteristics of the industry and talk about digital transformation, will be a castle in the air on paper, the specific requirements of the industry is the top priority of the digital transformation of industry enterprises.
Conclusion
China’s economy is shifting from high-speed growth to a new stage of high-quality development, and key core technologies continue to achieve major breakthroughs. As the digital economy and smart economy continue to climb and continue to advance, industrial digitalization and new infrastructure have become the core driving force leading the next round of economic growth. In the wave of digital economy, enterprises will transform data from the by-product of business processes in the information age into enterprise assets in the digital age, and data operation will become an inevitable trend in the digital age. The digital transformation of enterprises will become a sharp axe for enterprises in various industries, and is the only way for enterprises to develop towards intelligence.
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