数字化转型，是指企业利用数字技术优化业务流程或创建新的商业模式、改善客户体验，从而实现效率与竞争力根本性提升的一系列变革。数字技术是新型工业化的重要推动力，数字化转型是制造业企业实现高质量发展的重要路径。然而，数字化转型绝非易事，想要转型成功，制造业企业必须对数字化转型有清醒的认识。笔者认为，需要把握好以下几个关系。
数字化转型不是一门“选修课”，而是一门“必修课”。转型是企业永恒的主题，企业必须跟上时代发展的步伐，无论是拒绝转型还是慢半拍都容易被淘汰出局。从18世纪60年代开始，人类社会所经历的每一次工业革命都会催生一批新行业、淘汰一批老行业，一些企业因为能够及时转型而幸存下来，如杜邦、蒂森克虏伯、微软等，也有一些企业因未及时转型或抗拒转型而衰落甚至消失，如诺基亚、王安、柯达等。第一次和第二次工业革命的重心是对能量的充分利用，第三次和第四次工业革命的重心是对信息的充分利用。当综合利用信息和能量的时候，人类改造世界的能力极大增强，不具备这个能力的企业必然会被淘汰，而且速度会很快。当下，面对势不可当的数字化转型大潮，能否修好数字化转型这门“必修课”，事关企业的生死。
数字化转型不是一项普通工程，而是“一把手”工程。数字化转型不是数字技术的简单应用，而是技术和机制的协同创新。没有机制的同步创新，就如同穿新鞋走老路，数字化转型不可能成功。企业存在数据壁垒，不打破这些壁垒，数字化转型也就寸步难行。无论是机制的创新，还是壁垒的破除，都需要“一把手”强力推动。“一把手”重视数字化转型要有实际行动。一方面，要提高数字素养。企业主要负责人如果数字素养不高，就不会有转型的主动性和积极性。即使愿意转，也可能会走弯路、花冤枉钱。数字时代的企业家必须躬身入局，做数字化转型的行家里手。另一方面，要提高数字领导力。现在看，一些企业家在数字化转型上犹豫不决。当下各种要素成本比较低，是数字化转型的最佳时机。面对机遇，企业家应该有决断的魄力。 数字化转型网（www.szhzxw.cn）
数字化转型不是一道单选题，而是一道综合题。数字化转型是一场系统性变革，涉及企业的研发设计、生产加工、经营管理、销售服务等各个方面，不能仅仅局限于某一个环节，“只见树木，不见森林”。现在多数企业的数字化转型主要集中在经营管理上，缺少系统谋划，成效不太明显。成功的数字化转型企业都在全方位数字化。要成功实现数字化转型，首先要制定一个全面的数字化战略，然后遵循“从易到难、由点及面、不断延伸”的思路稳步推进。只有既着眼整体，又聚焦局部，才可能真正实现企业的数字化转型。法无定法，式无定式。具体先从哪个环节入手，要因企而异，没有统一的模式，关键是从企业最大的痛点入手，紧紧围绕降本增效提质这个目标，防止为了数字化转型而数字化转型。
数字化转型的目的不是建立一个封闭的生态系统，而是建立一个开放的生态系统。现在一些企业对数字技术缺少真正的了解，加之过于担心数据和商业秘密的安全，不敢把业务流程对外开放，这不但有悖于数字化转型的初衷，也使数字化转型的成效大打折扣：上下游生产协同性不高，服务水平和创新能力难以有质的提升。数字化转型的一个特点便是业务流程开放。一方面向上下游合作伙伴开放，构建支持共享和创新的生态系统平台；另一方面向客户开放，让客户更多地参与到业务流程的执行中来，提升客户体验并促进客户意见的快速反馈。小米开启的粉丝经济模式便是一个经典的案例，它通过MIUI论坛网罗了上千万个手机发烧友，这样既圈定了产品投放的潜在客户群，也能汇集消费者对产品的设计和改进建议，使消费者转变为产品的设计者和营销者。由此可见，数字化转型也需要企业文化和价值观的转变，企业应该以积极开放的心态拥抱数字化转型，与上下游和消费者实现共赢共享。
数字化转型不是一个企业的单打独斗，而是一个团队的联合作战。目前，数字化转型中还存在很多“不愿转、不敢转、不会转”的痛点难点，仅靠企业的主动性是远远不够的，必须凝聚多方合力，形成推进数字化转型的强大动力。数字化转型是一个政府推动、企业主导、多方协同参与的过程。政府应发挥政策引导、公共服务、基础支撑作用，营造氛围、树立标杆，在培育产业生态上多下功夫，同时抓好自身的数字化转型，带好头、作表率。企业是数字化转型的主体，应主动求变、对标对表，找准突破口，分步实施。服务商应积极对接企业，聚焦企业差异化需求，围绕“评估、规划、实施、优化”全流程提供专业服务。当前，一些中小企业生产经营存在一定困难，缺少资金，应按照“企业出一点、平台让一点、政府补一点”的思路，切实降低中小企业数字化转型的成本。
数字化转型不是一项短期工程，而是一项长期工程。数字化转型是一项系统工程，涉及方方面面，注定不可能一蹴而就、毕其功于一役，需要走一条不断进取、不断尝试和改进的发展之路。要结合企业实际制定一以贯之的数字化转型战略，战略确定后要尽快执行。要根据外部环境的变化及时优化调整战略，防止战略与实际相脱节。数字技术的迭代创新很快，企业在转型过程中必须应用最先进的数字技术，占领数字化转型的制高点。 数字化转型网（www.szhzxw.cn）
翻译：
Grasp several relationships of enterprise digital transformation
Digital transformation refers to a series of changes in which enterprises use digital technologies to optimize business processes or create new business models and improve customer experience, thereby achieving fundamental improvements in efficiency and competitiveness. Digital technology is an important driving force for new industrialization, and digital transformation is an important path for manufacturing enterprises to achieve high-quality development. However, digital transformation is not easy, in order to succeed in transformation, manufacturing enterprises must have a clear understanding of digital transformation. The author believes that it is necessary to grasp the following relationships.
Digital transformation is not an “elective” but a “required” course. Transformation is the eternal theme of enterprises, enterprises must keep up with the pace of development of The Times, whether it refuses to transform or slow down are easy to be eliminated. Since the 1860s, every industrial revolution experienced by human society will give birth to a number of new industries and eliminate a number of old industries, some enterprises survive because of timely transformation, such as DuPont, ThyssenKrupp, Microsoft, etc., and some enterprises decline or even disappear because of not timely transformation or resistance to transformation, such as Nokia, Wang An, Kodak and so on. The first and second industrial revolutions focused on the full use of energy, and the third and fourth industrial revolutions focused on the full use of information. When the comprehensive use of information and energy, human beings’ ability to transform the world is greatly enhanced, and enterprises that do not have this ability will inevitably be eliminated, and the speed will be very fast. At present, in the face of the overwhelming tide of digital transformation, whether it can fix the “compulsory course” of digital transformation is a matter of life and death for enterprises.
Digital transformation is not an ordinary project, but a “leader” project. Digital transformation is not a simple application of digital technology, but a collaborative innovation of technology and mechanism. Without the mechanism of synchronous innovation, just like wearing new shoes to go the old way, digital transformation can not be successful. Companies have data barriers, and without breaking down those barriers, digital transformation will be impossible. Whether it is the innovation of the mechanism or the breaking down of barriers, it needs to be strongly promoted by the “leader”. The “first leader” attaches importance to digital transformation and needs to take practical actions. On the one hand, we need to improve digital literacy. If the main person in charge of the enterprise is not high in digital literacy, there will be no initiative and enthusiasm for transformation. Even if you are willing to turn, you may take detours and spend money wrongly. Entrepreneurs in the digital age must get involved and become experts in digital transformation. On the other hand, improve digital leadership. Now, some entrepreneurs are hesitant about digital transformation. At present, the cost of various factors is relatively low, which is the best time for digital transformation. In the face of opportunities, entrepreneurs should be decisive and courageous. 数字化转型网（www.szhzxw.cn）
Digital transformation is not a single choice, but a comprehensive question. Digital transformation is a systematic change, involving all aspects of enterprise research and development, design, production and processing, operation and management, sales and service, and can not only be limited to a certain link, “only see the trees, not the forest”. At present, the digital transformation of most enterprises is mainly concentrated on operation and management, lack of systematic planning, and the effect is not obvious. Successful digital transformation companies are all digital. To successfully achieve digital transformation, we must first develop a comprehensive digital strategy, and then follow the idea of “from easy to difficult, from the point to the surface, and constantly extend”. Only by focusing on the whole and focusing on the parts can we truly realize the digital transformation of enterprises. No definite method, no definite formula. The specific link to start with, depending on the enterprise, there is no unified model, the key is to start with the biggest pain point of the enterprise, closely around the goal of cost reduction, efficiency and quality improvement, to prevent digital transformation for digital transformation.
The goal of digital transformation is not to build a closed ecosystem, but to build an open one. At present, some enterprises lack a real understanding of digital technology, and are too worried about the security of data and trade secrets, and dare not open their business processes to the outside world, which not only runs counter to the original intention of digital transformation, but also greatly reduces the effectiveness of digital transformation: the upstream and downstream production collaboration is not high, and the service level and innovation ability are difficult to improve. One of the hallmarks of digital transformation is the openness of business processes. On the one hand, open up upstream and downstream partners to build an ecosystem platform that supports sharing and innovation; On the other hand, it is open to customers, so that customers can be more involved in the execution of business processes, improve customer experience and promote rapid feedback of customer opinions. The fan economy model opened by millet is a classic case, it has netted tens of millions of mobile phone enthusiasts through the MIUI forum, which not only defines the potential customer base of the product, but also brings together consumers’ design and improvement suggestions for the product, so that consumers turn into designers and marketers of the product. It can be seen that digital transformation also requires the transformation of corporate culture and values, and enterprises should embrace digital transformation with a positive and open mind to achieve win-win sharing with upstream and downstream and consumers. 数字化转型网（www.szhzxw.cn）
Digital transformation is not a single enterprise, but a joint effort of a team. At present, there are still many “unwilling to turn, dare not turn, will not turn” pain points and difficulties in digital transformation, relying only on the initiative of enterprises is far from enough, we must gather multi-party efforts to form a strong driving force to promote digital transformation. Digital transformation is a government-driven, enterprise-led, multi-party collaborative process. The government should give play to the role of policy guidance, public services, and basic support, create an atmosphere, set a benchmark, and make more efforts in cultivating industrial ecology, while focusing on its own digital transformation, leading the way and setting an example. As the main body of digital transformation, enterprises should take the initiative to seek changes, identify the breakthrough and implement it step by step. Service providers should actively connect with enterprises, focus on the differentiated needs of enterprises, and provide professional services around the whole process of “evaluation, planning, implementation and optimization”. At present, some small and medium-sized enterprises have certain difficulties in production and operation and lack of funds, and should effectively reduce the cost of digital transformation of small and medium-sized enterprises in accordance with the idea of “enterprise a little, platform a little, and government a little”. 数字化转型网（www.szhzxw.cn）
Digital transformation is not a short-term project, but a long-term one. Digital transformation is a systematic project involving all aspects, which is doomed to be impossible to achieve in one move, and it needs to take a road of continuous progress, continuous attempt and improvement. It is necessary to formulate a consistent digital transformation strategy based on the actual situation of the enterprise, and implement it as soon as possible after the strategy is determined. Strategies should be optimized and adjusted in a timely manner according to changes in the external environment to prevent strategies from being out of step with reality. The iterative innovation of digital technology is fast, and enterprises must apply the most advanced digital technology in the transformation process to occupy the commanding heights of digital transformation.
本文由数字化转型网（www.szhzxw.cn）转载而成，来源于灯塔工厂，作者陈晓强；编辑/翻译：数字化转型网宁檬树。
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