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如何理解数字化转型的本质，笔者最近有些思考，希望通过多篇文章，从不同角度来讲讲这个话题，畅想下未来，与大家共勉。本篇文章先从体系重构的角度谈谈下数字化转型对制造业的不变与变，以及谈制造企业思维如何转型，最后畅想下数字化转型后的终极场景会是怎样。
一、数字化转型下，制造业不变的是什么？
在两百多年的工业史中，先后经历了机械化、电气化、自动化是三个阶段，对应三次工业革命，现在正在朝着工业4.0智能化方向前进，而这整个过程，制造企业不变的本质追求是：高生产效率、高产品质量、低生产成本和客户高满意度。 数字化转型网（www.szhzxw.cn）
在数字化驱动下，以人工智能、互联网、云计算、大数据等为新一代信息技术与制造业融合带来了新的体系重构，形成了以数据驱动、软件定义、平台支撑、服务增值、智能主导为特征的制造业新体系，将进一步提升制造业所追求的四个目标。2
二、数字化转型给制造业带来什么样的变化？
1、生产者与消费者的深度参与：新的生产关系将生产者由单纯的生产者转变为产销者，消费者越来越深度地参与了生产的全过程，消费者能够参与产品设计、定制和反馈，实现个性化需求的满足。
2、生产产品演进为智能互联产品：传统的功能产品逐渐演进为智能互联。无人汽车、智能硬件、智能体（Smart Agent）等产品层出不穷，这些智能化的产品通过与互联网、物联网的连接，能够实现自主控制、交互和数据共享，为用户提供更加便捷和智能的体验。
3、生产工具的智能化：生产工具也发生了变化，由传统能量转换工具转变成智能工具。智能机器人、数控机床、无人车、3D打印广泛应用于制造； 数字化转型网（www.szhzxw.cn）
4、生产方式的变革：传统的制造方式逐渐从“试错法”转变为“模拟择优”。从实体制造到实体虚拟融合，虚拟仿真、数字孪生的技术正不断应用，体现一种新的认识和改造世界的方法论；
5、生产地点的转变：制造业的生产地点由集中向分散转变。通过共享协同制造，实现资源的优化配置和灵活的生产方式，网络化制造、云制造、分享制造正是这一过程的体现。，3
三、制造企业如何转型：先从思维转变开始
面对数字化转型所带来的体系重构，企业要先从思维转变开始：
1、以不确定性应对不确定性。面对市场的不确定性、生产的不确定性，企业需要以数据+算法的策略应对不确定性，摒弃冗余思维、静态思维，开始走向精准思维、动态思维。
2、以增量革命构建新的能力。企业数字化转型，就是要把软件、设备、流程优化、组织变革、管理变革最终都要转化为企业的新的能力。成果体现在高效率、高质量、低成本和客户高满意度上，这是数字化的出发点，也是落脚点。
3、从产品制造商到客户服务商。制造企业应成为一个工业产品和服务提供者，通过产品与客户建立一种“强关系”，能成为24小时在线，了解、预测、满足客户需求的“客户服务商”。4
四、数字化转型或将构建数字孪生的世界
最后，数字化转型的终极场景是什么？透过未来看现在，今天所见到的物联网、大数据、云计算、AI大模型等技术，都是未来数字化终极场景的一个碎片。形成的最终图景是什么？是数字孪生。
什么是数字孪生。英文名叫Digital Twin（数字双胞胎），也被称为数字映射、数字镜像。数字孪生，是充分利用物理模型、传感器更新、运行历史等数据，集成多学科、多物理量、多尺度、多概率的仿真过程，在虚拟空间中完成映射，从而反映相对应的实体装备的全生命周期过程。简单来说，数字孪生就是在一个物体、设备或系统的基础上，当然包括人，创造一个数字版的“克隆体”，也被称为“数字孪生体”。
我们不断地把碎片化物理世界数字化后，在“信息-物理”空间构造成一个碎片化的数字孪生体，然后把这些碎片化的孪生体拼成一个完整的数字孪生体，直至构造一个数字孪生的世界。数字孪生的世界在未来数十年内或将经历三个阶段：局部的数字孪生、静态的数字孪生和动态的数字孪生。
1、局部的数字孪生：在这个阶段，数字孪生主要集中在某个特定的领域或物体上。例如，针对某个工厂的生产流程进行数字化建模和仿真，以便进行优化和改进。或者对某个城市的交通系统进行数字化建模，用于交通管理和规划。 数字化转型网（www.szhzxw.cn）
2、静态的数字孪生：在这个阶段，数字孪生不仅仅局限于某个领域或物体，而是对整个系统或环境进行数字化建模和仿真。这些数字孪生可以提供准确的数据和信息，用于辅助决策和预测。例如，对整个城市的建筑、交通、环境等进行数字化建模和仿真，以便进行城市规划和管理。
3、动态的数字孪生：这个阶段在AI大模型的加持下，将进一步发展数字孪生的能力，使其具备实时感知、快速反应和自主决策的能力。数字孪生将与现实世界进行不断的互动和交流，以实现更高级别的智能化。例如，在智能制造领域，拥有AI大脑的数字孪生可以与实际设备进行实时数据交互，实现智能优化和自动化控制。
翻译：
What is the nature of digital transformation?
How to understand the nature of digital transformation, I have been thinking recently, and hope to talk about this topic from different angles through a number of articles, think about the future, and share with you. This article first from the perspective of system reconstruction to talk about the digital transformation of the manufacturing industry unchanged and changed, and talk about how to transform the thinking of manufacturing enterprises, and finally imagine the ultimate scene after digital transformation will be what.
First, under the digital transformation, what does the manufacturing industry remain unchanged?
In the industrial history of more than two hundred years, has experienced mechanization, electrification, automation is three stages, corresponding to the three industrial revolutions, and is now moving in the direction of industry 4.0 intelligence, and this whole process, the essence of manufacturing enterprises unchanged pursuit is: high production efficiency, high product quality, low production costs and high customer satisfaction. 数字化转型网（www.szhzxw.cn）
Driven by digitalization, artificial intelligence, the Internet, cloud computing, and big data have brought a new system reconstruction for the integration of a new generation of information technology and manufacturing, forming a new manufacturing system characterized by data-driven, software-defined, platform support, value-added services, and intelligence-led manufacturing, which will further enhance the four goals pursued by the manufacturing industry. 2
Second, what changes will digital transformation bring to the manufacturing industry?
1, the deep participation of producers and consumers: the new production relations will transform producers from simple producers to producers and marketers, consumers are more and more deeply involved in the whole process of production, consumers can participate in product design, customization and feedback, to achieve personalized needs to meet.
2, Production products evolve into intelligent connected products: traditional functional products gradually evolve into intelligent connected products. Unmanned vehicles, intelligent hardware, Smart agents and other products emerge in an endless stream, these intelligent products through the connection with the Internet, the Internet of things, can achieve autonomous control, interaction and data sharing, to provide users with a more convenient and intelligent experience.
3, the intelligence of production tools: production tools have also changed, from traditional energy conversion tools into intelligent tools. Intelligent robots, CNC machine tools, unmanned vehicles, 3D printing are widely used in manufacturing; 数字化转型网（www.szhzxw.cn）
4, the change of production mode: the traditional manufacturing method has gradually changed from “trial and error” to “simulation and selection”. From physical manufacturing to physical virtual integration, the technology of virtual simulation and digital twin is constantly applied, which reflects a new methodology to understand and transform the world.
5, the change of production location: the production location of the manufacturing industry has changed from centralized to decentralized. Through sharing collaborative manufacturing, to achieve the optimal allocation of resources and flexible production methods, network manufacturing, cloud manufacturing, sharing manufacturing is the embodiment of this process. , 3
Third, how to transform manufacturing enterprises: Start from the change of thinking
In the face of the system reconstruction brought about by digital transformation, enterprises should first start from the change of thinking: 数字化转型网（www.szhzxw.cn）
1. Respond to uncertainty with uncertainty. In the face of market uncertainty and production uncertainty, enterprises need to deal with uncertainty with the strategy of data + algorithm, abandon redundant thinking and static thinking, and start to move towards accurate thinking and dynamic thinking.
2. Build new capabilities with incremental revolutions. Enterprise digital transformation is to transform software, equipment, process optimization, organizational change, and management change into new capabilities of enterprises. The results are reflected in high efficiency, high quality, low cost and high customer satisfaction, which is the starting point and destination of digitalization.
3. From product manufacturer to customer service provider. Manufacturing enterprises should become a provider of industrial products and services, establish a “strong relationship” with customers through products, and become a “customer service provider” who can be online 24 hours to understand, predict and meet customer needs. 4
Fourth, digital transformation will create a world of digital twins
Finally, what is the ultimate digital transformation scenario? Looking at the present through the future, the technologies seen today, such as the Internet of Things, big data, cloud computing, and AI large models, are all fragments of the ultimate scenario of future digitalization. What is the final picture that emerges? It’s a digital twin. 数字化转型网（www.szhzxw.cn）
What is a digital twin. The English name is Digital Twin, also known as digital mapping, digital mirroring. Digital twin is a multi-disciplinary, multi-physical, multi-scale, multi-probability simulation process that makes full use of physical model, sensor update, operation history and other data, and completes the mapping in virtual space, so as to reflect the whole life cycle process of the corresponding physical equipment. In simple terms, a digital twin is the creation of a digital version of a “clone” based on an object, device, or system, including a person, also known as a “digital twin.”
After digitizing the fragmented physical world, we construct a fragmented digital twin in the “information-physical” space, and then assemble these fragmented twins into a complete digital twin until we construct a digital twin world. In the next few decades, the world of digital twins may go through three stages: local digital twins, static digital twins and dynamic digital twins.
1, local digital twins: At this stage, the digital twin is mainly focused on a specific field or object. For example, the production process of a plant is digitally modeled and simulated for optimization and improvement. Or digitally modeling a city’s transportation system for traffic management and planning.
2, static digital twin: At this stage, the digital twin is not limited to a certain field or object, but the digital modeling and simulation of the entire system or environment. These digital twins can provide accurate data and information that can be used to aid decision-making and forecasting. For example, the digital modeling and simulation of the entire city’s buildings, transportation, environment, etc., for urban planning and management.
3, dynamic digital twin: In this stage, with the blessing of AI large model, the ability of digital twin will be further developed, so that it has the ability of real-time perception, rapid response and autonomous decision-making. The digital twin will have constant interaction and communication with the real world to achieve a higher level of intelligence. For example, in the field of intelligent manufacturing, digital twins with AI brains can interact with real devices for real-time data, intelligent optimization and automated control. 数字化转型网（www.szhzxw.cn）
本文由数字化转型网（www.szhzxw.cn）转载而成，来源于半山里人，作者：level；编辑/翻译：数字化转型网宁檬树。
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