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本文为数字化转型网(szhzxw.cn）为人工智能/AI专题系列文章之一，本文讲述了人工智能的发展现状及前景
人工智能的发展现状及前景
1. 对于人工智能的发展现状，社会上存在一些“炒作”
比如说，认为人工智能系统的智能水平即将全面超越人类水平、30年内机器人将统治世界、人类将成为人工智能的奴隶，等等。这些有意无意的“炒作”和错误认识会给人工智能的发展带来不利影响。因此，制定人工智能发展的战略、方针和政策，首先要准确把握人工智能技术和产业发展的现状。
专用人工智能取得重要突破。从可应用性看，人工智能大体可分为专用人工智能和通用人工智能。面向特定任务（比如下围棋）的专用人工智能系统由于任务单一、需求明确、应用边界清晰、领域知识丰富、建模相对简单，形成了人工智能领域的单点突破，在局部智能水平的单项测试中可以超越人类智能。人工智能的近期进展主要集中在专用智能领域。例如，阿尔法狗（AlphaGo）在围棋比赛中战胜人类冠军，人工智能程序在大规模图像识别和人脸识别中达到了超越人类的水平，人工智能系统诊断皮肤癌达到专业医生水平。 数字化转型网www.szhzxw.cn
通用人工智能尚处于起步阶段。人的大脑是一个通用的智能系统，能举一反三、融会贯通，可处理视觉、听觉、判断、推理、学习、思考、规划、设计等各类问题，可谓“一脑万用”。真正意义上完备的人工智能系统应该是一个通用的智能系统。目前，虽然专用人工智能领域已取得突破性进展，但是通用人工智能领域的研究与应用仍然任重而道远，人工智能总体发展水平仍处于起步阶段。当前的人工智能系统在信息感知、机器学习等“浅层智能”方面进步显著，但是在概念抽象和推理决策等“深层智能”方面的能力还很薄弱。总体上看，目前的人工智能系统可谓有智能没智慧、有智商没情商、会计算不会“算计”、有专才而无通才。因此，人工智能依旧存在明显的局限性，依然还有很多“不能”，与人类智慧还相差甚远。
人工智能创新创业如火如荼。全球产业界充分认识到人工智能技术引领新一轮产业变革的重大意义，纷纷调整发展战略。比如，谷歌在其2017年年度开发者大会上明确提出发展战略从“移动优先”转向“人工智能优先”，微软2017财年年报首次将人工智能作为公司发展愿景。人工智能领域处于创新创业的前沿。麦肯锡公司报告指出，2016年全球人工智能研发投入超300亿美元并处于高速增长阶段；全球知名风投调研机构CB Insights报告显示，2017年全球新成立人工智能创业公司1100家，人工智能领域共获得投资152亿美元，同比增长141%。 数字化转型网www.szhzxw.cn
创新生态布局成为人工智能产业发展的战略高地。信息技术和产业的发展史，就是新老信息产业巨头抢滩布局信息产业创新生态的更替史。例如，传统信息产业代表企业有微软、英特尔、IBM、甲骨文等，互联网和移动互联网时代信息产业代表企业有谷歌、苹果、脸书、亚马逊、阿里巴巴、腾讯、百度等。人工智能创新生态包括纵向的数据平台、开源算法、计算芯片、基础软件、图形处理器等技术生态系统和横向的智能制造、智能医疗、智能安防、智能零售、智能家居等商业和应用生态系统。目前智能科技时代的信息产业格局还没有形成垄断，因此全球科技产业巨头都在积极推动人工智能技术生态的研发布局，全力抢占人工智能相关产业的制高点。
人工智能的社会影响日益凸显。一方面，人工智能作为新一轮科技革命和产业变革的核心力量，正在推动传统产业升级换代，驱动“无人经济”快速发展，在智能交通、智能家居、智能医疗等民生领域产生积极正面影响。另一方面，个人信息和隐私保护、人工智能创作内容的知识产权、人工智能系统可能存在的歧视和偏见、无人驾驶系统的交通法规、脑机接口和人机共生的科技伦理等问题已经显现出来，需要抓紧提供解决方案。 数字化转型网www.szhzxw.cn
2. 对人工智能的趋势与展望
经过60多年的发展，人工智能在算法、算力（计算能力）和算料（数据）等“三算”方面取得了重要突破，正处于从“不能用”到“可以用”的技术拐点，但是距离“很好用”还有诸多瓶颈。那么在可以预见的未来，人工智能发展将会出现怎样的趋势与特征呢？
从专用智能向通用智能发展。如何实现从专用人工智能向通用人工智能的跨越式发展，既是下一代人工智能发展的必然趋势，也是研究与应用领域的重大挑战。2016年10月，美国国家科学技术委员会发布《国家人工智能研究与发展战略计划》，提出在美国的人工智能中长期发展策略中要着重研究通用人工智能。阿尔法狗系统开发团队创始人戴密斯·哈萨比斯提出朝着“创造解决世界上一切问题的通用人工智能”这一目标前进。微软在2017年成立了通用人工智能实验室，众多感知、学习、推理、自然语言理解等方面的科学家参与其中。 数字化转型网www.szhzxw.cn
从人工智能向人机混合智能发展。借鉴脑科学和认知科学的研究成果是人工智能的一个重要研究方向。人机混合智能旨在将人的作用或认知模型引入到人工智能系统中，提升人工智能系统的性能，使人工智能成为人类智能的自然延伸和拓展，通过人机协同更加高效地解决复杂问题。在我国新一代人工智能规划和美国脑计划中，人机混合智能都是重要的研发方向。
从“人工+智能”向自主智能系统发展。当前人工智能领域的大量研究集中在深度学习，但是深度学习的局限是需要大量人工干预，比如人工设计深度神经网络模型、人工设定应用场景、人工采集和标注大量训练数据、用户需要人工适配智能系统等，非常费时费力。因此，科研人员开始关注减少人工干预的自主智能方法，提高机器智能对环境的自主学习能力。例如阿尔法狗系统的后续版本阿尔法元从零开始，通过自我对弈强化学习实现围棋、国际象棋、日本将棋的“通用棋类人工智能”。在人工智能系统的自动化设计方面，2017年谷歌提出的自动化学习系统（AutoML）试图通过自动创建机器学习系统降低人员成本。
人工智能将加速与其他学科领域交叉渗透。人工智能本身是一门综合性的前沿学科和高度交叉的复合型学科，研究范畴广泛而又异常复杂，其发展需要与计算机科学、数学、认知科学、神经科学和社会科学等学科深度融合。随着超分辨率光学成像、光遗传学调控、透明脑、体细胞克隆等技术的突破，脑与认知科学的发展开启了新时代，能够大规模、更精细解析智力的神经环路基础和机制，人工智能将进入生物启发的智能阶段，依赖于生物学、脑科学、生命科学和心理学等学科的发现，将机理变为可计算的模型，同时人工智能也会促进脑科学、认知科学、生命科学甚至化学、物理、天文学等传统科学的发展。
人工智能产业将蓬勃发展。随着人工智能技术的进一步成熟以及政府和产业界投入的日益增长，人工智能应用的云端化将不断加速，全球人工智能产业规模在未来10年将进入高速增长期。例如，2016年9月，咨询公司埃森哲发布报告指出，人工智能技术的应用将为经济发展注入新动力，可在现有基础上将劳动生产率提高40%；到2035年，美、日、英、德、法等12个发达国家的年均经济增长率可以翻一番。2018年麦肯锡公司的研究报告预测，到2030年，约70%的公司将采用至少一种形式的人工智能，人工智能新增经济规模将达到13万亿美元。 数字化转型网www.szhzxw.cn
人工智能将推动人类进入普惠型智能社会。“人工智能+X”的创新模式将随着技术和产业的发展日趋成熟，对生产力和产业结构产生革命性影响，并推动人类进入普惠型智能社会。2017年国际数据公司IDC在《信息流引领人工智能新时代》白皮书中指出，未来5年人工智能将提升各行业运转效率。我国经济社会转型升级对人工智能有重大需求，在消费场景和行业应用的需求牵引下，需要打破人工智能的感知瓶颈、交互瓶颈和决策瓶颈，促进人工智能技术与社会各行各业的融合提升，建设若干标杆性的应用场景创新，实现低成本、高效益、广范围的普惠型智能社会。
人工智能领域的国际竞争将日益激烈。当前，人工智能领域的国际竞赛已经拉开帷幕，并且将日趋白热化。2018年4月，欧盟委员会计划2018—2020年在人工智能领域投资240亿美元；法国总统在2018年5月宣布《法国人工智能战略》，目的是迎接人工智能发展的新时代，使法国成为人工智能强国；2018年6月，日本《未来投资战略2018》重点推动物联网建设和人工智能的应用。世界军事强国也已逐步形成以加速发展智能化武器装备为核心的竞争态势，例如美国特朗普政府发布的首份《国防战略》报告即谋求通过人工智能等技术创新保持军事优势，确保美国打赢未来战争；俄罗斯2017年提出军工拥抱“智能化”，让导弹和无人机这样的“传统”兵器威力倍增。 数字化转型网www.szhzxw.cn
人工智能的社会学将提上议程。为了确保人工智能的健康可持续发展，使其发展成果造福于民，需要从社会学的角度系统全面地研究人工智能对人类社会的影响，制定完善人工智能法律法规，规避可能的风险。2017年9月，联合国犯罪和司法研究所（UNICRI）决定在海牙成立第一个联合国人工智能和机器人中心，规范人工智能的发展。美国白宫多次组织人工智能领域法律法规问题的研讨会、咨询会。特斯拉等产业巨头牵头成立OpenAI等机构，旨在“以有利于整个人类的方式促进和发展友好的人工智能”。
3. 对人工智能的态势与思考
当前，我国人工智能发展的总体态势良好。但是我们也要清醒看到，我国人工智能发展存在过热和泡沫化风险，特别在基础研究、技术体系、应用生态、创新人才、法律规范等方面仍然存在不少值得重视的问题。总体而言，我国人工智能发展现状可以用“高度重视，态势喜人，差距不小，前景看好”来概括。
高度重视。党中央、国务院高度重视并大力支持发展人工智能。2017年7月，国务院发布《新一代人工智能发展规划》，将新一代人工智能放在国家战略层面进行部署，描绘了面向2030年的我国人工智能发展路线图，旨在构筑人工智能先发优势，把握新一轮科技革命战略主动。国家发改委、工信部、科技部、教育部等国家部委和北京、上海、广东、江苏、浙江等地方政府都推出了发展人工智能的鼓励政策。
态势喜人。据清华大学发布的《中国人工智能发展报告2018》统计，我国已成为全球人工智能投融资规模最大的国家，我国人工智能企业在人脸识别、语音识别、安防监控、智能音箱、智能家居等人工智能应用领域处于国际前列。根据2017年爱思唯尔文献数据库统计结果，我国在人工智能领域发表的论文数量已居世界第一。近两年，中国科学院大学、清华大学、北京大学等高校纷纷成立人工智能学院，2015年开始的中国人工智能大会已连续成功召开四届并且规模不断扩大。总体来说，我国人工智能领域的创新创业、教育科研活动非常活跃。 数字化转型网www.szhzxw.cn
差距不小。目前我国在人工智能前沿理论创新方面总体上尚处于“跟跑”地位，大部分创新偏重于技术应用，在基础研究、原创成果、顶尖人才、技术生态、基础平台、标准规范等方面距离世界领先水平还存在明显差距。在全球人工智能人才700强中，中国虽然入选人数名列第二，但远远低于约占总量一半的美国。2018年市场研究顾问公司Compass Intelligence对全球100多家人工智能计算芯片企业进行了排名，我国没有一家企业进入前十。另外，我国人工智能开源社区和技术生态布局相对滞后，技术平台建设力度有待加强，国际影响力有待提高。我国参与制定人工智能国际标准的积极性和力度不够，国内标准制定和实施也较为滞后。我国对人工智能可能产生的社会影响还缺少深度分析，制定完善人工智能相关法律法规的进程需要加快。 数字化转型网www.szhzxw.cn
前景看好。我国发展人工智能具有市场规模、应用场景、数据资源、人力资源、智能手机普及、资金投入、国家政策支持等多方面的综合优势，人工智能发展前景看好。全球顶尖管理咨询公司埃森哲于2017年发布的《人工智能：助力中国经济增长》报告显示，到2035年人工智能有望推动中国劳动生产率提高27%。我国发布的《新一代人工智能发展规划》提出，到2030年人工智能核心产业规模超过1万亿元，带动相关产业规模超过10万亿元。在我国未来的发展征程中，“智能红利”将有望弥补人口红利的不足。
数字化转型网人工智能专题
与全球关注人工智能的顶尖精英一起学习！数字化转型网建立了一个专门讨论人工智能技术、产业、学术的研究学习社区，与各位研习社同学一起成长！欢迎扫码加入！ 数字化转型网www.szhzxw.cn
人工智能专题栏目文章（三）人工智能的发展现状及前景：翻译：
The development status and prospect of artificial intelligence
1. There is some “hype” in society about the development status of artificial intelligence.
For example, the intelligence level of artificial intelligence systems is about to surpass the level of humans, robots will rule the world in 30 years, humans will become slaves to artificial intelligence, and so on. These intentional and unintentional “hype” and wrong understanding will have an adverse impact on the development of artificial intelligence. Therefore, to formulate strategies, guidelines and policies for the development of artificial intelligence, we must first accurately grasp the status quo of artificial intelligence technology and industrial development.
Special artificial intelligence has made important breakthroughs. From the perspective of applicability, artificial intelligence can be broadly divided into special artificial intelligence and general artificial intelligence. Dedicated artificial intelligence systems for specific tasks (such as playing Go) have formed a single breakthrough in the field of artificial intelligence due to single tasks, clear requirements, clear application boundaries, rich domain knowledge, and relatively simple modeling, and can surpass human intelligence in a single test at the local intelligence level. Recent advances in artificial intelligence have focused on the field of specialized intelligence. For example, AlphaGo defeated a human champion in the game of Go, artificial intelligence programs reached a level beyond humans in large-scale image recognition and face recognition, and artificial intelligence systems diagnose skin cancer to the level of professional doctors. 数字化转型网www.szhzxw.cn
General artificial intelligence is still in its infancy. The human brain is a universal intelligent system, can draw inferences from one example to another, can handle vision, hearing, judgment, reasoning, learning, thinking, planning, design and other problems, can be described as “one brain for all purposes.” A complete artificial intelligence system in the true sense should be a general intelligent system. At present, although breakthroughs have been made in the field of special artificial intelligence, there is still a long way to go in the research and application of general artificial intelligence, and the overall development level of artificial intelligence is still in its infancy. Current artificial intelligence systems have made significant progress in “shallow intelligence” such as information perception and machine learning, but their capabilities in “deep intelligence” such as conceptual abstraction and reasoning decision-making are still weak. In general, the current artificial intelligence system can be described as having intelligence without wisdom, IQ without emotional intelligence, calculation without “calculation”, and expertise without generalists. Therefore, artificial intelligence still has obvious limitations, there are still many “can’t”, and human intelligence is still far from it.
Artificial intelligence innovation and entrepreneurship are in full swing. The global industry fully realizes the significance of artificial intelligence technology leading a new round of industrial change, and has adjusted its development strategy. For example, Google clearly proposed at its 2017 annual developer conference that its development strategy shift from “mobile first” to “artificial intelligence first”, and Microsoft’s 2017 fiscal year annual report for the first time put artificial intelligence as the company’s development vision. The field of artificial intelligence is at the forefront of innovation and entrepreneurship. The McKinsey report pointed out that in 2016, the global investment in artificial intelligence research and development exceeded 30 billion US dollars and was in a stage of rapid growth; According to CB Insights, a well-known global venture capital research institution, 1,100 new artificial intelligence startups were established in the world in 2017, and a total of $15.2 billion was invested in the field of artificial intelligence, an increase of 141%.
Innovative ecological layout has become a strategic highland for the development of artificial intelligence industry. The development history of information technology and industry is the replacement history of the new and old information industry giants rushing to lay out the information industry innovation ecology. For example, the traditional information industry representatives include Microsoft, Intel, IBM, Oracle, etc., and the Internet and mobile Internet era information industry representatives include Google, Apple, Facebook, Amazon, Alibaba, Tencent, Baidu, etc. The artificial intelligence innovation ecosystem includes the vertical data platform, open source algorithms, computing chips, basic software, graphics processors and other technology ecosystems, and the horizontal intelligent manufacturing, intelligent medical, intelligent security, intelligent retail, smart home and other business and application ecosystems. At present, the information industry pattern in the era of intelligent technology has not formed a monopoly, so the global technology industry giants are actively promoting the research and development layout of the artificial intelligence technology ecology, and make every effort to seize the commanding heights of artificial intelligence-related industries.
The social impact of artificial intelligence is becoming increasingly prominent. On the one hand, artificial intelligence, as the core force of a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial change, is promoting the upgrading of traditional industries, driving the rapid development of the “unmanned economy”, and having a positive impact on the livelihood of people such as intelligent transportation, smart home, and smart medical care. On the other hand, issues such as the protection of personal information and privacy, intellectual property rights of artificial intelligence-created content, possible discrimination and bias of artificial intelligence systems, traffic regulations of unmanned driving systems, and scientific and technological ethics of brain-computer interfaces and human-machine symbiosis have emerged, and solutions need to be urgently provided.
2. Trends and prospects of artificial intelligence
After more than 60 years of development, artificial intelligence has made important breakthroughs in the “three calculations” such as algorithms, computing power (computing power) and calculation materials (data), and is at the technical inflection point from “can not be used” to “can be used”, but there are many bottlenecks from “very good to use”. So in the foreseeable future, what trends and characteristics will emerge in the development of artificial intelligence?
From special intelligence to general intelligence development. How to realize the leapfrog development from special artificial intelligence to general artificial intelligence is not only the inevitable trend of the development of the next generation of artificial intelligence, but also a major challenge in the field of research and application. In October 2016, the National Science and Technology Council of the United States issued the National Artificial Intelligence Research and Development Strategic Plan, proposing to focus on the study of general artificial intelligence in the medium and long-term development strategy of artificial intelligence in the United States. Demis Hassabis, founder of the Alphago system development team, proposed to move toward the goal of “creating a general artificial intelligence that solves every problem in the world.” Microsoft established the General Artificial Intelligence Lab in 2017, which involves scientists working on perception, learning, reasoning, natural language understanding, and more.
From artificial intelligence to human-machine hybrid intelligence development. Learning from the research results of brain science and cognitive science is an important research direction of artificial intelligence. Human-machine hybrid intelligence aims to introduce human role or cognitive model into artificial intelligence systems, improve the performance of artificial intelligence systems, make artificial intelligence a natural extension and expansion of human intelligence, and solve complex problems more efficiently through human-machine collaboration. In China’s new generation of artificial intelligence planning and the United States brain program, human-machine hybrid intelligence is an important research and development direction. 数字化转型网www.szhzxw.cn
From “artificial + intelligence” to autonomous intelligent system development. At present, a large number of researches in the field of artificial intelligence focus on deep learning, but the limitation of deep learning is that it requires a large number of manual interventions, such as manually designing deep neural network models, manually setting application scenarios, manually collecting and labeling large amounts of training data, and users need to manually adapt intelligent systems, which is very time-consuming and laborious. Therefore, researchers have begun to focus on autonomous intelligence methods that reduce human intervention and improve the autonomous learning ability of machine intelligence to the environment. For example, the subsequent version of the Alphago system, Alphayuan, starts from scratch and realizes the “general chess artificial intelligence” of Go, chess, and Japanese Shogi through self-playing reinforcement learning. In terms of the automated design of artificial intelligence systems, the Automated Learning System (AutoML) proposed by Google in 2017 attempts to reduce personnel costs by automatically creating machine learning systems.
Artificial intelligence will accelerate cross-penetration with other subject areas. Artificial intelligence itself is a comprehensive frontier discipline and a highly cross-disciplinary discipline, with a wide range of research areas and extremely complex, and its development needs to be deeply integrated with computer science, mathematics, cognitive science, neuroscience and social science. With the breakthrough of super-resolution optical imaging, optogenetic regulation, transparent brain, somatic cell cloning and other technologies, the development of brain and cognitive science has opened a new era, which can analyze the basis and mechanism of the neural circuit of intelligence on a large scale and more finely. Artificial intelligence will enter the stage of biologically inspired intelligence, relying on the discovery of biology, brain science, life science and psychology. Turning mechanisms into computable models, AI will also promote the development of brain science, cognitive science, life science and even traditional sciences such as chemistry, physics and astronomy. 数字化转型网www.szhzxw.cn
The artificial intelligence industry will flourish. With the further maturity of artificial intelligence technology and the increasing investment of the government and industry, the cloud application of artificial intelligence will continue to accelerate, and the scale of the global artificial intelligence industry will enter a period of rapid growth in the next 10 years. For example, in September 2016, consulting firm Accenture released a report pointing out that the application of artificial intelligence technology will inject new impetus into economic development, which can increase labor productivity by 40% on the current basis; By 2035, 12 developed countries, including the United States, Japan, the United Kingdom, Germany and France, could double their average annual economic growth. A 2018 McKinsey & Company study predicts that by 2030, about 70 percent of companies will have adopted at least one form of AI, adding $13 trillion to the economy. 数字化转型网www.szhzxw.cn
Artificial intelligence will promote human beings to enter the intelligent society of universal benefit. The innovation model of “artificial intelligence +X” will mature with the development of technology and industry, have a revolutionary impact on productivity and industrial structure, and promote mankind to enter an inclusive intelligent society. In 2017, the International data company IDC pointed out in the white paper “Information Flow Leads the New era of Artificial Intelligence” that artificial intelligence will improve the operating efficiency of various industries in the next five years. China’s economic and social transformation and upgrading of artificial intelligence has a major demand, under the demand of consumption scenarios and industry applications, it is necessary to break the perception bottleneck, interaction bottleneck and decision-making bottleneck of artificial intelligence, promote the integration of artificial intelligence technology and all walks of life, build a number of benchmarking application scenario innovation, and achieve a low-cost, high-efficiency, wide range of inclusive intelligent society.
International competition in the field of artificial intelligence will become increasingly fierce. At present, the international competition in the field of artificial intelligence has begun, and will become increasingly heated. In April 2018, the European Commission planned to invest $24 billion in artificial intelligence in 2018-2020; The French AI Strategy, announced by the French President in May 2018, aims to usher in a new era of AI development and make France an AI power; In June 2018, Japan’s Future Investment Strategy 2018 focused on promoting the construction of the Internet of Things and the application of artificial intelligence. The world’s military powers have gradually formed a competitive situation with the accelerated development of intelligent weapons and equipment as the core. For example, the first National Defense Strategy report issued by the Trump administration of the United States seeks to maintain military advantages through technological innovation such as artificial intelligence to ensure that the United States will win future wars. In 2017, Russia proposed that the military industry embrace “intelligence” and multiply the power of “traditional” weapons such as missiles and drones.
The sociology of artificial intelligence will be on the agenda. In order to ensure the healthy and sustainable development of artificial intelligence and make its development results benefit the people, it is necessary to systematically and comprehensively study the impact of artificial intelligence on human society from the perspective of sociology, formulate and improve artificial intelligence laws and regulations, and avoid possible risks. In September 2017, the United Nations Crime and Justice Research Institute (UNICRI) decided to establish the first United Nations Centre for Artificial Intelligence and Robotics in The Hague to regulate the development of artificial intelligence. The White House has organized many seminars and consultation sessions on legal and regulatory issues in the field of artificial intelligence. Industry giants such as Tesla have led the creation of organizations such as OpenAI, which aims to “promote and develop friendly artificial intelligence in ways that benefit humanity as a whole.”
3. The situation and thinking of artificial intelligence
At present, the overall situation of artificial intelligence development in China is good. However, we must also clearly see that there are risks of overheating and bubbles in the development of artificial intelligence in China, especially in basic research, technical systems, application ecology, innovative talents, legal norms and other aspects that still deserve attention. Overall, the status quo of the development of artificial intelligence in China can be summarized with “great attention, good situation, not a small gap, and promising prospects”. 数字化转型网www.szhzxw.cn
Attach great importance to. The Party Central Committee and The State Council attach great importance to and strongly support the development of artificial intelligence. In July 2017, The State Council issued the “New Generation of Artificial Intelligence Development Plan”, which deployed the new generation of artificial intelligence at the national strategic level and described the roadmap for China’s artificial intelligence development towards 2030, aiming to build the first-mover advantage of artificial intelligence and grasp the strategic initiative of a new round of scientific and technological revolution. National ministries and commissions such as the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Ministry of Science and Technology, and the Ministry of Education, as well as local governments in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangdong, Jiangsu and Zhejiang, have all rolled out policies to encourage the development of AI.
The situation is encouraging. According to the “China Artificial Intelligence Development Report 2018” released by Tsinghua University, China has become the world’s largest artificial intelligence investment and financing country, and China’s artificial intelligence enterprises are at the forefront of the world in the field of artificial intelligence applications such as face recognition, voice recognition, security monitoring, smart speakers, and smart homes. According to the 2017 Elsevier literature database statistics, the number of papers published in the field of artificial intelligence in China has ranked first in the world. In the past two years, the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tsinghua University, Peking University and other universities have set up artificial intelligence schools, and the China Artificial Intelligence Conference since 2015 has been successfully held for four consecutive sessions and the scale continues to expand. In general, innovation, entrepreneurship, education and scientific research activities in the field of artificial intelligence in China are very active. 数字化转型网www.szhzxw.cn
Not a small gap. At present, China is still in the “running” position in terms of cutting-edge theoretical innovation in artificial intelligence, most of the innovation focuses on technology application, and there is still a significant gap between the world’s leading level in basic research, original achievements, top talents, technical ecology, basic platforms, standards and norms. In the global top 700 artificial intelligence talents, although China ranks second in the number of selected, it is far lower than the United States, which accounts for about half of the total. In 2018, Compass Intelligence, a market research consultant company, ranked more than 100 artificial intelligence computing chip companies in the world, and no Chinese company entered the top ten. In addition, the layout of China’s AI open source community and technology ecology is relatively lagging behind, the construction of technology platforms needs to be strengthened, and the international influence needs to be improved. China’s participation in the formulation of international standards for artificial intelligence is not enough enthusiasm and strength, and the development and implementation of domestic standards is also lagging behind. China still lacks in-depth analysis of the possible social impact of artificial intelligence, and the process of formulating and improving laws and regulations related to artificial intelligence needs to be accelerated.
The prospects look good. The development of artificial intelligence in China has comprehensive advantages in market size, application scenarios, data resources, human resources, smartphone popularity, capital investment, national policy support and other aspects, and the development prospect of artificial intelligence is promising. According to the 2017 report “Artificial Intelligence: Powering China’s Economic Growth” released by Accenture, a leading global management consulting firm, artificial intelligence is expected to boost China’s labor productivity by 27% by 2035. The “New Generation of artificial Intelligence Development Plan” issued by China proposes that by 2030, the scale of the core industry of artificial intelligence will exceed 1 trillion yuan, and the scale of related industries will exceed 10 trillion yuan. In China’s future development journey, the “smart dividend” is expected to make up for the lack of demographic dividend. 数字化转型网www.szhzxw.cn
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