原标题：金融数字化解放数据生产力 提升服务实体经济质效
——专访京东集团副总裁、京东科技首席经济学家沈建光
京东集团副总裁、京东科技首席经济学家沈建光
本报记者 李 冰
见习记者 张 博
数字经济犹如一把“金钥匙”，正以其蓬勃之势成为启动中国经济巨轮转型发展的新引擎，以更加深刻的方式改变着各行各业，重塑人类沟通、生活、工作和学习模式。数字经济作为一种新的经济形态，正成为推动经济发展质量提升、效率变革、动力升级的重要驱动力，也是新一轮产业竞争的制高点和促进实体经济振兴、加快转型升级的新动能。数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
“十四五”规划和2035年远景目标纲要中明确提出，充分发挥海量数据和丰富应用场景优势，促进数字技术与实体经济深度融合，赋能传统产业转型升级，催生新产业新业态新模式，壮大经济发展新引擎。数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
到底什么是数字化？普遍认同的定义是，数字化是利用新技术和数据，对商业流程或作业方式进行赋能、改造和重塑，从而实现从最终用户到中后台的全流程自动化和体验升级，进而产生全新的数字商业模式，透过这一定义，不难看出，企业实现数字化转型的三大任务清晰可见，客户体验升级，流程再造和商业模式变革。其显著目标就是实现端到端路程的自动化、智能化，并逐步替代人工处理和批处理。数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
那么该如何数字化？对于金融机构和中小企业而言数字化转型正面临哪些问题？怎样有效抓住数字化带来的产业机遇？产业数字化与数字产业化两者的区别是什么？为此，《证券日报》记者专访了京东集团副总裁、京东科技首席经济学家沈建光。数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
《证券日报》记者：各行各业都在探讨产业数字化转型问题，目前我国产业数字化正处于哪个阶段？面临哪些关键问题待解？在数字化浪潮中，中小企业如何搭上数字化转型快车？数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
沈建光：产业数字化主要是把传统的，所有线下的业务线上化、智能化、数字化。现在很多工厂已经进行数字化改造，根据客户实时需求生产，不仅能快速生产出大批量的货物，也能生产出小批量的，更精准的，可以定制化的需求。这是整个生产工艺流程出现的巨大改变。数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
目前，中国产业数字化仍处于初级阶段，面临诸多挑战：一是连网掣肘，比如工业互联网渗透率仍然较低；二是技术瓶颈，比如物联网技术还未真正落地普及；三是资金压力，比如企业进行数字化改造，包括人力、产品、生产线等均需要投入大量资金；四是数据管理风险，产业数字化是以数据为基础，企业需对数据做好隐私保护和风险隔离，同时传统企业面临着购买数据的压力。www.szhzxw.cn
传统行业数字化转型既要“循序渐进”也要“因地制宜”，一方面立足自身行业特征、企业情况，制定短中长期数字化转型规划和目标，另一方面应做好自身优劣势分析，制定好转型方向，布局和专注特色转型产品，扬长避短，才能保持长久竞争力。数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
对于中小企业数字化转型，国家一直高度重视，早在2020年5月份，国家发改委已制定和启动“数字化转型伙伴行动”计划，支持中小微企业降低数字化转型成本、缩短转型周期、提高转型成功率。数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
在此基础上，我有三方面建议：一是发挥财政金融作用，针对创新技术提供财税补贴或者优惠，提供针对性地专项优惠贷款；二是地方政府应有意识地鼓励中小企业数字化转型，设立科技产业政府担保基金、债券、信托等；三是建议寻求与大科技公司的合作，包括共同研发、外包、购买大的技术公司产品等。
《证券日报》记者：对于金融机构而言，金融数字化作为一项系统工程，您认为该如何发挥传统金融机构和数字科技企业的协同关系？能否展开谈谈金融机构在数字化转型中面临的困点、难点？您有何建议？数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
沈建光：金融数字化是高质量发展的必经之路，也是服务小微企业的重要途径。宏观层面，金融数字化有利于构建广覆盖、多层次、有差异的金融机构体系，提升金融服务实体经济质效。微观层面，数字化是解放金融数据生产力的重要方式，有助于提升金融机构的经营管理效率。
金融数字化是一项系统工程，在行业层面需要推动不同市场主体之间的竞争合作，在机构内部需要强化机构内部顶层设计与流程改造之间的上下联动，在业务发展上还需要强化基础设施的底层支持。数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
一是发挥传统金融机构和数字科技企业的协同关系。未来金融科技和数字化发展的主流路径应该是传统金融机构与金融科技公司的“双轮驱动”和合作融合。
二是处理好金融机构顶层设计与顶层推动的协同关系。金融数字化既是模式，也是战略；金融机构的数字化、智能化转型是一个系统性工程，离不开战略上的顶层设计和实施上的顶层推动，需要在战略、业务、数据、技术、组织、人才、考核等7方面同向发力、同步迈进。在战略上，金融数字化首先确立数字化战略定位和战略方向，进而塑造数字化的文化和培养数字化的思维。www.szhzxw.cn
三是发挥金融数字化发展与数字化基础设施建设的协同关系。建立和完善数字金融基础设施，有助于更好更快地推动金融数字化、智能化发展。
《证券日报》记者：数据对产业数字化的影响体现在哪些方面？其在产业数字化浪潮中作用是什么？对于机构而言，该如何有效掌握和运用数据带来的价值？
沈建光：产业数字化意味着产业数据的在线化、标准化、结构化，从而实现生产要素和运营流程的改造。数据对产业数字化的影响主要体现三个方面：一是数据是实现数字化的基础，数据和技术等生产要素共同推动产业互联互通，进而实现产业数字化；同时，数据资产化的广泛应用和消费需求的变革将催生共享经济、平台经济等新模式、新业态的数字经济。数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
二是数据的共享、扭转和交易等数据资源的潜在价值运用，有利于发挥数据与土地、能源同等重要的要素作用，有利于推动数据流引领物质流、资金流、人才流、技术流，有利于推进产业数字化转型、推动产业转型升级。
三是数据要素的融合协同，有助于打通技术场景和业务场景，进而进行C2M定制，利用全息画像、智能推荐等算法模型，加快区块链、人工智能、边缘计算、量子技术等创新技术研发与实际场景和产业实践的融合，进而发挥技术在供应链、贸易链和产业链的基础推进作用。
《证券日报》记者：数字产业化与产业数字化这两个概念常常被一起提及，两者之间有存在哪些关联和差异？以人工智能、大数据技术、区块链、5G为代表的新兴技术正发挥着怎样的作用？新兴技术的运用其最终目的是否仍然是服务实体经济？
沈建光：近年来，以大数据、云计算、人工智能（AI）、区块链等新一代数字科技已经开始深度融入实体经济，推动以产业数字化、数字产业化为主体的数字经济异军突起，为中国经济注入强劲动力。数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
在“以国内大循环为主体、国内国际双循环相互促进”的经济大战略下，数字经济好比一把金钥匙，正以其蓬勃之势成为启动中国经济巨轮转型发展的新引擎。数字产业化和产业数字化是数字经济发展的主要模式。数字产业化是数字经济的基础部分，它以信息数据为加工对象，以数字技术为加工手段，既实现数据与技术的产业化发展，也为传统产业数字化转型提供技术、产品、服务和解决方案等。产业数字化是数字经济的融合部分，以提高生产效率为主线，对产业链的全要素进行数字化再造，从而推动经济转型升级。
数字产业化与产业数字化之间的关联主要体现在产业数字化的基础首先是实现数字产业化。没有数字的产业化，很难有大批的先进技术应用于企业和产业数字化改造。www.szhzxw.cn
数字产业化如人工智能技术、大数据技术、区块链、5G的应用，不仅成为科技的突破，而且还可以把成果转化成在工业生产和服务业当中或者基础设施当中广泛使用的技术，成为产业发展的支柱；产业链的协同发展将驱动数字化革命，数字产业化与产业数字化将加速融合，在核心技术突破、新兴产业发展、传统产业数字化、数据资源开放共享、扩大开放合作等方向全面推进，形成整体优势，推动数字经济发展。数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
数字产业化与产业数字化之间的差异体现在数字产业化强调数据的变现，通过技术产品服务推动数字化改造。产业数字化强调技术和产业融合，通过技术提升产业效率，进而提升企业利润；就规模而言，与数字产业化相比，产业数字化涉及产业领域更多、市场规模更大，是未来数字经济发展的主攻方向。
翻译;数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
Original title: Financial digitization Liberates data productivity improves Service quality efficiency of real economy
— Interview with Shen Jianguang, Vice president of JD Group and chief economist of JD Technology
Shen Jianguang, vice-president of JD Group and chief economist of JD Technology
Our reporter Li Bing
Student reporter Zhang Bo
Like a “golden key”, digital economy, with its vigorous momentum, is becoming a new engine for China’s economic transformation and development. 数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
It is changing all walks of life in a more profound way and reshaping the modes of human communication, life, work and learning. As a new economic form, digital economy is becoming an important driving force for improving the quality, transforming the efficiency and upgrading the engine of economic development. It is also the commanding height of a new round of industrial competition and a new driving force for revitalizing the real economy and accelerating the transformation and upgrading of the real economy. www.szhzxw.cn
In the 14th Five-Year Plan and the 2035 Vision, it is clearly stated that we will fully leverage the advantages of massive data and diverse application scenarios, promote deeper integration of digital technologies with the real economy, enable the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries, foster new industries and business forms and models, and strengthen new engines of economic development.数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
What exactly is digital? The widely accepted definition is that digitalization is the use of new technology and data to enable, transform and reshape the business process or operation mode, so as to realize the automation of the whole process and upgrade the experience from the end user to the middle and background, and then produce a new digital business model. Through this definition, it is not difficult to see that the three tasks of enterprises to achieve digital transformation are clearly visible. Customer experience upgrades, process reengineering and business model changes. Its obvious goal is to realize the automation and intelligence of end-to-end journey, and gradually replace manual processing and batch processing.
So how do you go digital? What are the issues facing digital transformation for financial institutions and smes? How to effectively seize the industrial opportunities brought by digitalization? What is the difference between industry digitization and digital industrialization? 数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
To this end, Securities Daily reporter interviewed Shen Jianguang, vice president of Jingdong Group and chief economist of Jingdong Technology.
Securities Daily Reporter: All walks of life are discussing industry digitization transformation problem. Which stage is digitization of industry in our country at present? What are the key problems to be solved? In the tide of digitization, how do smes get on the express train of digital transformation?
Shen Jianguang: Industrial digitalization is mainly to make all traditional and offline businesses online, intelligent and digital. Now many factories have been transformed digitally. According to the real-time needs of customers, not only can quickly produce large quantities of goods. But also can produce small batches, more accurate, can be customized needs. This is a huge change in the entire production process.数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
At present, China’s industrial digitalization is still in its initial stage and faces many challenges.
First, the Internet is hampered, for example, the industrial Internet penetration rate is still low. Second, technical bottlenecks, such as the Internet of Things technology has not been really popularized. Third, financial pressure. For example, enterprises need to invest a lot of capital in digital transformation, including manpower, products and production lines. The fourth is the risk of data management. Industrial digitalization is based on data, and enterprises need to protect data privacy and isolate risks. Meanwhile, traditional enterprises are facing the pressure of purchasing data.www.szhzx数字化转型网szhzxw.cnw.cn
The digital transformation of traditional industries should be both “step by step” and “adapt to local conditions”. On the one hand, based on the characteristics of the industry and the situation of enterprises. The development of short -, medium – and long-term digital transformation plans and goals should be made. On the other hand, the analysis of their own advantages and disadvantages should be made. The transformation direction, layout and focus on characteristic transformation products should be made. And the advantages and disadvantages should be promoted and avoided, so as to maintain long-term competitiveness.
The country has always attached great importance to the digital transformation of smes.
As early as May 2020, the National Development and Reform Commission formulated and launched the “Digital Transformation Partnership Action Plan” to support smes to reduce the cost of digital transformation, shorten the transformation period and improve the success rate of transformation.
On this basis, I would like to make three proposals. First, we should give full play to the role of the fiscal and financial sectors by providing fiscal and tax subsidies or preferential treatment for innovative technologies and special concessional loans. Second, local governments should consciously encourage small and medium-sized enterprises to make digital transformation. And set up government guarantee funds, bonds, trusts, etc.; Third, it is suggested to seek cooperation with large technology companies. Including joint research and development, outsourcing, purchasing products of large technology companies, etc.数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
Securities Daily: For financial institutions, financial digitalization is a systematic project. How do you think the synergistic relationship between traditional financial institutions and digital technology enterprises should be brought into play? Can you talk about the difficulties and difficulties faced by financial institutions in digital transformation? Do you have any suggestions?
Shen Jianguang: Financial digitalization is the only way to high-quality development and an important way to serve small and micro enterprises. At the macro level, financial digitalization is conducive to building a wide coverage, multi-level and differentiated financial institution system, and improving the quality and effectiveness of financial services for the real economy. At the micro level, digitalization is an important way to liberate the productivity of financial data and help to improve the operation and management efficiency of financial institutions.
As a systematic project
As a systematic project, financial digitalization needs to promote the competition and cooperation among different market players at the industry level, strengthen the upper and lower linkage between the top-level design and process transformation within institutions, and strengthen the underlying support of infrastructure in business development.数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
First, give full play to the synergy between traditional financial institutions and digital technology enterprises. In the future, the mainstream path of fintech and digitalization development should be the “two-wheel drive” and cooperation integration between traditional financial institutions and fintech companies.
Second, we should properly handle the coordination between top-level design and top-level promotion of financial institutions. Financial digitization is both mode and strategy. The digital and intelligent transformation of financial institutions is a systematic project, which cannot be separated from the top-level design of strategy and the top-level promotion of implementation. It needs to make concerted efforts and move forward synchronously in seven aspects. Such as strategy, business, data, technology, organization, talent and assessment. In terms of strategy, financial digitalization first establishes digitalized strategic positioning and direction, and then shapes digitalized culture and cultivates digitalized thinking.
Third, give full play to the synergy between the development of financial digitization and the construction of digital infrastructure. The establishment and improvement of digital financial infrastructure will help promote the development of digital and intelligent finance better and faster.
Securities Daily:
In what ways is the impact of data on industry digitization reflected? What is its role in the industry digitization wave? For organizations, how to effectively grasp and use the value of data?
Shen Jianguang: Industrial digitalization means the online, standardized and structured industrial data, so as to realize the transformation of production factors and operational processes. The impact of data on industrial digitization is mainly reflected in three aspects: first, data is the basis for realizing digitalization, and production factors such as data and technology jointly promote industrial interconnection and thus realize industrial digitalization; At the same time, the extensive application of data assets and the transformation of consumer demand will give birth to the sharing economy, platform economy and other new models, new forms of business of digital economy.数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
Second, the potential value application of data resources, such as data sharing, torsion and trading, is conducive to giving full play to the role of data as important factors as land and energy, promoting data flow to lead material flow, capital flow, talent flow and technology flow, and promoting industrial digital transformation and industrial transformation and upgrading.
Third, the integration and collaboration of data elements helps to open up technical scenarios and business scenarios, and then carry out C2M customization. Algorithm models such as hologram and intelligent recommendation are used to accelerate the integration of innovative technology R&D such as blockchain, artificial intelligence, edge computing and quantum technology with actual scenarios and industrial practices. And then give play to the basic promoting role of technology in supply chain, trade chain and industrial chain.
Securities Daily: 数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
Digital industrialization and industrial digitization are often mentioned together. What are the correlations and differences between the two? What role are emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence, big data technology, blockchain and 5G playing? Is the ultimate purpose of using emerging technologies still to serve the real economy?
Shen Jianguang: In recent years, the new generation of digital technologies, such as big data, cloud computing, artificial intelligence (AI) and blockchain, have begun to be deeply integrated into the real economy, promoting the rise of the digital economy dominated by industrial digitalization and digital industrialization, injecting strong impetus into the Chinese economy. www.szhzxw.cn
Under the economic strategy of “taking the domestic cycle as the main body and promoting both domestic and international cycles”, digital economy, like a golden key, is becoming a new engine to start the transformation and development of China’s economic giant with its vigorous momentum. Digital industrialization and industry digitization are the main mode of digital economy development. Digital industrialization is the basic part of digital economy. It takes information data as the processing object and digital technology as the processing means. It not only realizes the industrialization development of data and technology, but also provides technology, products, services and solutions for the digital transformation of traditional industries. Industrial digitalization is the integration part of digital economy. It takes improving production efficiency as the main line, and digitally reconstructs all elements of industrial chain, so as to promote economic transformation and upgrading.数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
The correlation between digital industrialization and industrial digitalization is mainly reflected in the foundation of industrial digitalization. 数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
Without digital industrialization, it is difficult to apply a large number of advanced technologies to the digital transformation of enterprises and industries.数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
Digital industrialization, such as the application of artificial intelligence technology, big data technology, blockchain, 5G, not only becomes a scientific and technological breakthrough, but also can transform the results into widely used technologies in industrial production and service industry or infrastructure, and become the pillar of industrial development. The coordinated development of the industrial chain will drive the digital revolution, and the integration of digital industrialization and industrial digitalization will be accelerated. The comprehensive progress will be made in core technology breakthroughs, the development of emerging industries, the digitalization of traditional industries, the open sharing of data resources, and the expansion of open cooperation, so as to form an overall advantage and promote the development of the digital economy.数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
The difference between digital industrialization and industrial digitalization is reflected in that digital industrialization emphasizes the realization of data and promotes digital transformation through technical products and services. Industrial digitization emphasizes the integration of technology and industry, and improves the efficiency of industry through technology, so as to enhance the profits of enterprises. In terms of scale, compared with digital industrialization, industrial digitalization involves more industrial fields and has a larger market scale, which is the main direction of the development of digital economy in the future. 本文由数字化转型网转载，可以关注数字化转型网公众号
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