中国海洋石油总公司(简称中国海油)中国海油自1982年成立以来，由一家单纯从事油气开采的上游公司，发展成为主业突出、产业链完整的综合型能源集团，形成了上游、中下游、专业技术服务、金融服务以及新能源等产业板块，现有员工5.7万人。从2003年到2009年，中国海油销售收入从521亿元上升到2218亿元；利润总额从144亿元增加至520亿元；总资产从1167亿元上升到5247亿元；净资产从676亿元增加至3240亿元；国内油气产量从2601万吨提高到4766万吨。公司2009年在《财富》杂志“全球500强”排名318位。
近年来，通过改革重组、资本运营、海外并购、上下游一体化等重大举措的成功实施，企业实现了跨越式发展，综合竞争实力不断增强。中国海油已成为包括四家分别在纽约、香港和上海上市公司在内的多业务板块并存、多法人结构并存的集团公司。
1. 中国海油的信息化管理体系
为了更好地支持多业务板块并存、多法人结构并存的集团公司信息化工作，对照国际上企业集团的信息化管理模式，中国海油按照“有统有分、统分结合”的模式建立起联邦式的信息化管理体制。实行分类分级管理，在分散和集中之间寻求最佳平衡点，兼顾灵活高效和资源共享，以满足集团管理下信息化治理的要求。中国海油信息化管理体系包括组织体系、规划体系、角色分工、服务体系、监察体系和评估体系。
在信息化组织体系方面，由领导层、管理层、运维层、服务层四个层次组成。领导层为总公司信息化领导小组；管理层由总公司信息管理部、业务部门信息化管理岗、各二级单位信息化管理部门组成，负责集团及二级公司信息化的总体规划、管理、协调和服务；运维层主要为总公司信息技术中心，负责集团信息化技术支持、项目建设、系统保障和服务管理系统运行和IT能力保障；服务层包括集团内部的科技信息技术有限公司和外部服务商，承担集团和内部单位通讯网络、系统建设、运维支持、客户服务等工作。
中国海油一直非常重视信息化规划的编制和规划体系建设工作，在不同的建设阶段根据不同的建设重点颁布了不同版本的规划。一套由信息化总体规划、业务信息化规划要点和二级单位信息化规划组成的信息化规划体系已经形成并逐步完善。其中总公司各部门编制的业务信息化规划不但充实了总公司信息化规划，并且更好地指导了二级单位的信息化工作。
中国海油信息化规划明确了“一个平台、两级架构，物理共享、逻辑独立”的总体思路，保证了集团管控模式下信息化建设和应用的有序进行。其管理原则是“四个统一，五项兼顾、集团优势，共建共享”，即统一规划、规范投资；统一标准、健全制度；统一建设、优化资源；统一管理、共享服务，兼顾整体与局部、先进与实用、近期与长远、集中与分散、建设与维护。同时“四统一”的管理原则也使各所属单位统一在集团价值最大化的总体目标下。信息化的建设重点为“三层应用、三条主线、系统集成，业务协同”，通过生产执行、经营管理和战略决策层与生产结合，关注人、财、物三条主线逐级固化管控模式。在2007年编制规划中的生产科研、经营管理、战略决策和风险管控等方面55个信息化项目都已基本建成并在应用中不断完善。
随着各所属单位信息化管理组织体系的完善，在总公司信息化领导小组的领导下，各级业务和信息化管理部门承担起不同的角色，共同推动集团信息化建设和应用。基础网络的建设由集团信息管理部负责组织，集中统一投资，各所属单位按使用情况缴费。生产科研专业信息系统由各单位自行投资建设。管理信息系统由相关业务部门主导进行实施，投资采用统签分摊的方法，系统技术架构遵循“一个平台、两级架构，物理共享、逻辑独立”的原则。
中国海油于2003年开始IT服务管理项目，梳理了集团范围内ITSM的流程管理，形成了总公司流程化的三级运维管理架构，搭建了ITSM统一信息平台，建立了集团内统一的IT服务呼叫中心，并于06年11月底通过ISO20000认证。
中国海油信息化制度体系是中国海油内控体系的组成部分。体系分为四个层次，分别是信息管理管理规定、项目建设管理办法、全局而基础性的管理办法与标准，以及针对性的运维管理细则，从不同层面规范集团各单位信息化建设行为。
在中国海油内外部审计中，信息化已经成为一项重要内容。通过内部审计和外部审计的结合、全面审计和专项审计的互补，逐步建立起中国海油信息化监察体系，不仅用IT技术提高审计效率而且通过IT审计规避系统风险、提高服务级别、满足业务需要和低成本战略。主要审计的内容包括专项审计制度合规性、法律遵从性、数据准确性、系统完整性、信息安全性和风险。
2008年中国海油开始试行通过考核评价提高信息化工作水平，目前已经建立起常规性的年度总结、考核、评优、年报的评估体系，以及重点项目结束后的非常规性的后评估体系，在促进系统建设和深化应用方面发挥了重要的作用。
2. 集团信息化管理的几点体会
1) 树立全心全意为业务服务是信息化工作的惟一宗旨
信息化管理部门要牢固树立为业务服务的宗旨意识，最广泛地动员业务人员参与到企业信息化进程中来。为业务服务是信息化部门规划、管理和协调等一切工作的出发点和落脚点。只有这样才能真正体现业务与IT的全面融合。
信息化工作不是信息化部门对先进技术进行简单的展示，也不仅仅是采用了先进的信息技术就代表了实现业务信息化。信息化部门的技术水平再高，能力再强，如果与业务脱节，就必然导致失败。衡量一个信息化项目成功与否的标志就是业务部门是否由衷的赞同、接受和使用，并取得了良好的效益。在一个信息化项目的初始，信息化部门是否把全心全意为业务服务作为惟一宗旨，决定了此项目最终的成功与否。
中国海油集团主要业务信息系统都是在业务部门的需求驱动下，由信息技术部门与业务部门共同组成项目组，开展系统建设工作。我们每月定期与业务部门共同召开协调会，解决业务信息化过程中的问题，推动系统建设和应用。
2) 联系实际和突出特色
总结中国海油信息化建设的经验，我们强调信息化建设务必坚持突出中国海油的特色，扎实推进信息技术的海油化和大众化。中国海油信息化与国际一流公司还有较大差距，国外也有很多IT技术也领先国内。但是再先进的技术、再超前的理念、再好的系统，也必须与中国海油的实际相结合，也必须适应中国海油的发展需要。中国海油的信息化建设必须走出一条适合自身特点的、具有中国海油特色的发展之路。中国海油特色的信息化就是要将国外的先进技术中国化、海油化和大众化，让先进技术在海油生根开花结果。近年来，由业务部门主导，根据海油实际开展的信息化项目如全面预算信息系统、装备管理信息平台、节能减排信息系统、IT服务管理等项目，都是体现了海油特色，取得了良好的效果，受到了业务部门的充分肯定。
3) 注重创新和降低成本
近年来中国海油在生产和管理信息化建设中，自主创新取得了重大进展，例如研究中心的科研综合协同工作平台软件系统研发项目，有限公司的开发生产数据库优化与整合项目，湛江分公司的数字油田等项目。事实证明中国海油人员自主开发的信息系统结合了自身的业务需求和发展特点，都取得了很好的应用效果。
中国海油从成立开始，就坚持合作和自营两条腿走路的方针，从而取得了今天辉煌的成就。现今信息化与全球化成为时代发展的显著特征，自主创新能力越来越成为核心竞争力的关键要素。真正的核心技术、关键技术是买不来的。在信息化建设中，一方面要引进国际先进技术和经验，另一方面必须依靠自主创新，把提高自主创新能力摆在信息化工作的重要位置。中国海油信息化的自主创新要最大限度地摆脱对外部技术和设备的依赖性，增强控制风险能力。只有充分地采用自主技术和装备，充分利用海油信息技术人才资源，才能实现低成本的信息化，才能实现可靠的信息安全保障。我们努力营造自主创新的氛围，制定奖励制度，注意培养自主创新的人才，不断提高自主创新的能力。要在若干重要领域掌握一批核心技术，拥有一批自主知识产权，造就具有国际竞争力的信息化人才队伍，才能使公司在国际竞争中占据有利地位。
在中国海油2009年度科技进步奖中，共有4个项目凭借在信息技术方面的创新分获一、二、三等奖，在获奖的数量和质量上都有所突破。先进的信息化技术正在中国海油得到越来越广泛的应用。
翻译：
China National Offshore Oil Corporation (CNOOC) Since its establishment in 1982, CNOOC has developed from an upstream company solely engaged in oil and gas exploitation into a comprehensive energy group with outstanding main industries and complete industrial chain, forming upstream, middle and downstream, professional and technical services, financial services and new energy sectors, with 57,000 employees. From 2003 to 2009, CNOOC’s sales revenue rose from 52.1 billion yuan to 221.8 billion yuan. Total profit increased from 14.4 billion yuan to 52 billion yuan; Total assets rose from 116.7 billion yuan to 524.7 billion yuan; Net assets increased from 67.6 billion yuan to 324 billion yuan; Domestic oil and gas production increased from 26.01 million tons to 47.66 million tons. In 2009, the company was ranked 318 on the Fortune Global 500 list.
In recent years, through the successful implementation of reform and reorganization, capital operation, overseas mergers and acquisitions, upstream and downstream integration and other major measures, the enterprise has realized leapfrog development, and the comprehensive competitive strength has been continuously enhanced. Cnooc has become a group company with multiple business sectors and corporate structure coexisting, including four listed companies in New York, Hong Kong and Shanghai.
1. Cnooc’s information management system
In order to better support the informatization of group companies with multi-business sectors and multi-legal person structure, CNOOC has established a federal-type informatization management system in accordance with the mode of “unified and divided, combined with unified and divided”, in contrast to the international informatization management mode of enterprise groups. Implement classified and hierarchical management, seek the best balance between decentralization and centralization, give consideration to flexibility and efficiency and resource sharing, so as to meet the requirements of information-based governance under group management. Cnooc information management system includes organization system, planning system, role division, service system, supervision system and evaluation system.
In terms of informatization organization system, it consists of leadership, management, operation and maintenance layer and service layer.
The leadership is the informatization leading group of the head office; The management is composed of the information management Department of the head office, the information management post of the business department, and the information management department of each secondary unit. It is responsible for the overall planning, management, coordination and service of the informatization of the Group and secondary company. The operation and maintenance layer is mainly the information technology center of the head office, which is responsible for the group information technology support, project construction, system guarantee, service management system operation and IT capability guarantee. The service layer includes the technology information technology Co., Ltd. within the group and external service providers, which undertakes the communication network, system construction, operation and maintenance support, customer service and other work of the group and internal units.
Cnooc has always attached great importance to the compilation of information planning and the construction of planning system, and promulgated different versions of planning in different construction stages according to different construction priorities. A set of information-based planning system has been formed and gradually improved, which consists of overall information-based planning, key points of business information-based planning and information-based planning for secondary units. Among them, the business informatization plan prepared by each department of the head office not only enriches the informatization plan of the head office, but also guides the informatization work of the secondary units better.
Cnooc informatization planning has defined the overall idea of “one platform, two level architecture, physical sharing and logic independence”, ensuring the orderly progress of informatization construction and application under the group management and control mode.
Its management principle is “four unification, five consideration, group advantages, joint construction and sharing”, namely unified planning, standardized investment. Unified standards and sound systems. Unified construction and optimization of resources. Unified management, sharing services, taking into account the overall and partial, advanced and practical, short-term and long-term, centralized and decentralized, construction and maintenance. At the same time, the “four unified” management principle also makes the subordinate units unified under the overall goal of maximizing the value of the group.
The construction of informatization focuses on “three-layer application, three main lines, system integration and business collaboration”. Through the combination of production execution, operation management and strategic decision-making level with production. It pays attention to the three main lines of people. Finance and material to solidify the management and control mode step by step. In 2007, 55 informatization projects in production and scientific research, operation and management, strategic decision-making, risk control and other aspects of the plan have been basically completed and constantly improved in application.
With the improvement of the information management organization system of each affiliated unit
With the improvement of the information management organization system of each affiliated unit. Under the leadership of the informatization leading group of the head office, business and information management departments at all levels assume different roles to jointly promote the construction and application of group information. The information Management Department of the Group is responsible for organizing the construction of the basic network, with centralized and unified investment. And each affiliated unit pays fees according to the usage. Specialized information systems for production and scientific research shall be constructed by each unit with its own investment. The implementation of the management information system is led by relevant business departments. And the investment adopts the method of registration and allocation. The system technical architecture follows the principle of “one platform, two level architecture, physical sharing and logical independence”.
Cnooc started the IT service management project in 2003, sorted out the ITSM process management within the group, formed the three-level operation and maintenance management structure of the company process, built the ITSM unified information platform, established the unified IT service call center within the group, and passed the ISO20000 certification at the end of November 2006.
Cnooc information system is an integral part of CNOOC internal control system.
The system is divided into four levels, which are information management regulations, project construction management methods, overall and basic management methods and standards. As well as specific operation and maintenance management rules, to standardize the information construction behavior of each unit of the group from different levels.
Informatization has become an important content in the internal and external audit of CNOOC. Through the combination of internal audit and external audit. And the complementarity of comprehensive audit and special audit, CNOOC information supervision system is gradually established. IT not only uses IT technology to improve audit efficiency. But also avoids system risks, improves service level, meets business needs and low cost strategy. The main audit contents include special audit system compliance, legal compliance, data accuracy, system integrity, information security, and risk.
In 2008, CNOOC began to try to improve the level of information work through assessment and evaluation. At present, it has established a conventional evaluation system of annual summary, assessment, evaluation and annual report. As well as a non-conventional post-evaluation system after the completion of key projects. Which has played an important role in promoting the system construction and deepening the application.
2. Some experiences of group information management
1) It is the only purpose of information work to establish wholehearted service for business
The information management department should firmly establish the purpose consciousness of service for business and mobilize business personnel to participate in the process of enterprise informatization. Service for business is the starting point and foothold of all the work of information department planning, management and coordination. Only in this way can IT truly reflect the full integration of business and IT.
Informationization is not a simple demonstration of advanced technology by the informationization department. Nor is it just the adoption of advanced information technology that represents the realization of business informationization. No matter how high the technology level and how strong the ability of the information department is. If it is disconnected from the business, it will inevitably lead to failure. Measure the success of an information project is whether the business department wholeheartedly agree, accept and use, and achieved good benefits. At the beginning of an information project. Whether the information department takes wholehearted service for business as its sole purpose determines the final success of the project.
Driven by the needs of the business departments. The information technology department and the business department jointly form a project team to carry out the system construction of the main business information system of CNOOC Group. We hold regular monthly coordination meetings with business departments to solve problems in the process of business informatization and promote the construction and application of the system.
2) Connect with reality and highlight features
Summing up the experience of CNOOC informatization construction. We emphasize that the informatization construction must insist on highlighting the characteristics of CNOOC. And steadily promote the realization and popularization of information technology. There is still a big gap between CNOOC informatization and international first-class companies. And many foreign IT technologies are also ahead of domestic ones. However, no matter how advanced the technology. No matter how advanced the concept and no matter how good the system is. It must be combined with the actual situation of CNOOC and meet the development needs of CNOOC.
The informatization construction of CNOOC must find a development road that suits its own characteristics and has the characteristics of CNOOC. The characteristic information of CNOOC is to sinicize, modernize and popularize foreign advanced technologies. So that advanced technologies can take root and blossom in CNOOC. In recent years, the information projects led by the business department and carried out according to the actual conditions of CNOOC. Such as the comprehensive budget information system, equipment management information platform, energy conservation and emission reduction information system, IT service management and other projects. All reflect the characteristics of CNOOC and have achieved good results, which are fully recognized by the business department.
3) Focus on innovation and cost reduction
In recent years, CNOOC has made significant progress in independent innovation in the construction of production and management informatization. Such as the research center’s research and comprehensive collaborative work platform software system research project. The company’s development and production database optimization and integration project, Zhanjiang Branch’s digital oil field and other projects. The facts prove that the information system independently developed by CNOOC personnel combines its own business needs and development characteristics and has achieved good application effects.
Since its establishment, CNOOC has adhered to the principle of cooperation and self-management, thus achieving today’s brilliant achievements.
Nowadays, informatization and globalization have become prominent features of the development of The Times. And independent innovation ability has increasingly become a key element of core competitiveness. You can’t buy the real core technology, the key technology. In information construction, on the one hand, we should introduce international advanced technology and experience. On the other hand, we must rely on independent innovation. And put the improvement of independent innovation ability in an important position in information work. The independent innovation of CNOOC informatization should get rid of the dependence on external technology and equipment to the greatest extent and enhance the ability to control risks.
Only by fully using independent technology and equipment. And making full use of CNOOC information technology personnel resources, can low-cost informatization be realized and reliable information security guarantee be realized. We strive to create an atmosphere for independent innovation, formulate a reward system, pay attention to the cultivation of independent innovation talents. And constantly improve the ability of independent innovation. Only by mastering a number of core technologies in several important fields, owning a number of independent intellectual property rights. And creating a team of internationally competitive information talents, can the company occupy a favorable position in international competition.
In CNOOC 2009 Annual Science and Technology Progress Award. A total of 4 projects won the first, second and third prizes by virtue of their innovation in information technology. Making breakthroughs in the quantity and quality of the awards. Advanced information technology is being more and more widely used in CNOOC.
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