“站上新的历史方位的中国钢铁工业，需要以推动高质量发展为主题，以深化供给侧结构性改革为主线，以科技创新为战略基点，持续补短板、锻长板、强基础，瞄准高端化、拥抱智能化、发力绿色化，加快形成布局结构合理、资源供应稳定、技术装备先进、质量品牌突出、智能化水平高、全球竞争力强、绿色低碳可持续的高质量发展格局。”2023年10月25日上午，在第十四届中国钢铁年会开幕式上，中国金属学会理事长张晓刚指出了钢铁冶金科技的发展方向。
一、中国钢铁的高端化、智能化、绿色化发展成效显著
“党的十八大以来，我国钢铁工业深入推进供给侧结构性改革，转型升级不断加速，产业结构更加合理，自主创新能力显著提高，产业链供应链韧性和安全水平稳步提升，产品质量及品种持续优化，高端化、智能化、绿色化发展之路越走越快，越走越实。”张晓刚高度肯定了中国钢铁工业近年来的发展成就。
产品创新发展方面，我国钢铁工业持续推进原始创新、集成创新、开放创新，加快实施增品种、提品质、创品牌“三品”战略，高品质汽车用钢、大型变压器和新能源汽车用电工钢、高性能长输管线用钢、高速钢轨、建筑桥梁用钢、核电用钢等一批钢铁产品相继进入国际第一梯队，第三代高强度汽车钢、高钢级管线钢等产品实现从“跟跑”向“领跑”的转变。22大类钢铁产品中，19类自给率达到100％，其他3类超过99％，支撑了能源、电力、建筑、交通等国民经济重点产业的快速发展，保障了国家重大工程、重点项目的建设实施。 数字化转型网www.szhzxw.cn
智能化发展方面，我国钢铁工业从产品创新、生产技术创新、产业模式创新和制造系统集成创新4个层面深度开展数字化转型，提升了企业全流程各工序数字化、网络化、智能化程度，推进了工业互联网、工业大数据平台的研发和应用，推广了机械化换人、自动化减人、智能化无人。宝武、沙钢、南钢等企业建立了“黑灯工厂”和智能车间，已实现24小时无人化、少人化运转。
绿色化发展方面，我国钢铁工业以减污降碳协同增效为主要抓手，大力实施产能置换、超低排放改造、极致能效三大改造工程，吨钢二氧化硫、氮氧化物、粉尘排放量显著下降，能源资源回收利用水平持续提升，综合能耗和碳排放强度逐渐降低。截至2023年6月底，270余家钢铁企业约7.6亿吨粗钢产能已完成或正在实施超低排放改造，全行业已有31家长流程企业与5家短流程企业成功创建了重污染天气绩效分级A级企业，建成了一大批花园式工厂、清洁生产环境友好型工厂、4A级工业景区，钢铁企业“绿色工厂”已增至113家。 数字化转型网www.szhzxw.cn
二、六个方向加力，推动中国钢铁高质量发展
张晓刚强调，尽管发展成效显著，但同时也要看到，我国钢铁工业仍然存在需求不振、产能过剩压力大、资源环境约束趋紧、绿色低碳发展水平有待提升、产业集中度偏低等问题。尤其是以煤、焦炭等为主的高碳化燃料结构带来的高能耗、高碳排放情况尚未完全转变，中低温余热利用、氢冶金、CCUS等突破性碳减排技术还在试点阶段。此外，我国电炉炼钢行业发展缓慢，近年来比例一直是10%左右，与26%的世界平均水平相比差距明显，长流程占比高的局面短期难以改变。综合来看，我国钢铁工业实现高质量发展面临的挑战依然严峻复杂。
张晓刚认为，中国钢铁要以科技创新为战略基点，从六个方向持续加力，加快形成布局结构合理、资源供应稳定、技术装备先进、质量品牌突出、智能化水平高、全球竞争力强、绿色低碳可持续的高质量发展格局。 数字化转型网www.szhzxw.cn
一是持续推动产业结构优化升级。推动全国钢铁产能优化布局，巩固提升钢铁化解过剩产能工作成果，健全市场化、法治化化解过剩产能长效机制，依法依规推动落后产能应去尽去。鼓励行业龙头企业实施兼并重组，建设世界一流超大型钢铁企业集团，促进产业集中度进一步提升。发挥产业链龙头企业引领带头作用，创建先进钢铁产业集群。
二是持续增强铁素资源保障能力。建立稳定可靠的多元化原料供应体系，加快国内重点铁矿项目开工投产、扩能扩产，确保合规矿企正常生产，加大海外矿产资源投资和开发力度，稳步增加海外资源权益比例。加强废钢资源回收利用，完善废钢回收加工配送体系建设，推动扩大再生钢铁原料进口。
三是持续强化科技创新支撑引领。强化企业科技创新主体地位，发挥科技型骨干企业引领支撑作用，加强企业主导的产学研深度融合，重点围绕低碳冶金、洁净钢冶炼、薄带铸轧、高效轧制、基于大数据的流程管控、节能环保等关键共性技术，以及先进电炉、特种冶炼、高端检测等通用专用装备和零部件，加大创新资源投入，强化科技创新突破和成果转化应用。 数字化转型网www.szhzxw.cn
四是持续推进数字化智能化发展。加快实施钢铁企业数字化、网络化、智能化改造升级，推进5G、工业互联网、人工智能、数字孪生等技术的研发应用和示范推广，突破一批智能制造关键共性技术，遴选一批推广应用场景，培育一批高水平专业化系统解决方案供应商，打造一批智能制造示范工厂。
五是持续推进绿色低碳转型。坚持总量调控和科技创新降碳相结合，坚持源头治理、过程控制和末端治理相结合，全面推进超低排放改造，统筹推进减污降碳协同治理。加快氢冶金、低碳冶金等关键共性技术的中试验证和产业化攻关。推进废钢资源高质高效利用，有序引导电炉炼钢发展。
六是持续推进国内国际科技交流。学术交流是学会为科技创新服务的主要立足点和切入点，中国金属学会创设主办了中国钢铁年会、全国炼铁/炼钢/轧钢/能源环保/生产技术会、数字化发展高端论坛等国内学术交流高端平台，发起召开了国际汽车用钢大会、薄板坯连铸连轧国际研讨会、可持续发展钢铁冶金技术国际学术会议等自主品牌国际会议，还与法国、德国、意大利、印度、日本、韩国、英国、美国、巴西等国家建立了双边、多边交流和合作关系。学会将不断创新学术交流形式，提升活动质量，畅通交流互鉴，激发自主创新。
“我国钢铁工业要实现绿色低碳转型和高质量发展，需要广大钢铁工作者的共同努力、不懈奋斗。今年上半年，中国金属学会先后走访了十几家副理事长单位和理事单位，听意见，找问题，改进工作方式，建设一流学会。今后，学会将继续努力，为推动钢铁工业科技创新、高质量发展，实现高水平的科技自立自强做出应有的贡献。”张晓刚最后说道。 数字化转型网www.szhzxw.cn
翻译：
Zhang Xiaogang, chairman of the Chinese Society of Metals: China’s steel should take scientific and technological innovation as a strategic basis to accelerate the formation of high-quality development pattern
“Standing on the new historical position of China’s steel industry. The need to promote high-quality development as the theme, to deepen the supply side structural reform as the main line, to scientific and technological innovation as the strategic basis, continue to fill the weak board, forge the long board, strong foundation, aiming at high-end, embrace intelligence, and force green,” We will accelerate the formation of a high-quality development pattern featuring reasonable layout, stable resource supply, advanced technology and equipment, outstanding quality brands, high intelligence, strong global competitiveness, green, low-carbon and sustainable development.” On the morning of October 25, 2023, at the opening ceremony of the 14th China Iron and Steel Annual Meeting, Zhang Xiaogang, chairman of the Chinese Society of Metals, pointed out the development direction of iron and steel metallurgy technology.
First, the high-end, intelligent and green development of China’s steel has achieved remarkable results
“Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China. China’s steel industry has further promoted supply-side structural reform, accelerated transformation and upgrading, made the industrial structure more reasonable, significantly improved the ability of independent innovation, steadily improved the toughness and safety level of the industrial chain and supply chain, continued to optimize product quality and variety. And the road to high-end, intelligent and green development has become faster and more practical.” Zhang Xiaogang highly affirmed the development achievements of China’s steel industry in recent years. 数字化转型网www.szhzxw.cn
In terms of product innovation and development,
China’s steel industry continues to promote original innovation, integrated innovation, and open innovation. And accelerate the implementation of the “three products” strategy of increasing varieties, improving quality, and creating brands. A number of steel products such as high-quality automotive steel, large transformers and electrical steel for new energy vehicles, high-performance long-distance pipeline steel, high-speed rail, construction bridge steel, and nuclear power steel have successively entered the international first echelon, and the third generation of high-strength automotive steel, high-steel grade pipeline steel and other products have realized the transformation from “following” to “leading”. Among the 22 categories of steel products, the self-sufficiency rate of 19 categories reached 100%. And the other three categories exceeded 99%, which supported the rapid development of key industries of the national economy such as energy, power, construction, and transportation. And ensured the construction and implementation of major national projects and key projects.
In terms of intelligent development,
China’s iron and steel industry has deeply carried out digital transformation from four levels:. Product innovation, production technology innovation, industrial model innovation and manufacturing system integration innovation. Which has improved the digitalization, networking and intelligence of all processes of the enterprise process. And promoted the research and development and application of industrial Internet and industrial big data platforms. The promotion of mechanized replacement, automatic reduction of personnel, intelligent unmanned. Baowu, Shagang, Nangang and other enterprises have established “black light factories” and intelligent workshops, which have achieved 24-hour unmanned and less unmanned operation.
In terms of green development,
China’s iron and steel industry to reduce pollution and carbon synergies as the main focus, vigorously implement capacity replacement, ultra-low emission transformation, extreme energy efficiency of the three major transformation projects, tons of steel sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, dust emissions significantly decreased, energy resources recycling level continues to improve, comprehensive energy consumption and carbon emission intensity gradually reduced. As of the end of June 2023, more than 270 iron and steel enterprises with about 760 million tons of crude steel production capacity have completed or are implementing ultra-low emission transformation, and 31 enterprises and 5 short-process enterprises in the industry have successfully created heavy pollution weather performance rating A-level enterprises, and built A large number of garden-style factories, clean production and environment-friendly factories, and 4A-level industrial scenic spots. The number of “green factories” in the steel industry has increased to 113. 数字化转型网www.szhzxw.cn
Second, the six directions to strengthen to promote the high-quality development of China’s steel
Zhang Xiaogang stressed that despite the remarkable development results. It is also necessary to see that China’s steel industry still has problems such as sluggish demand, large pressure of overcapacity, tight resource and environmental constraints, green and low-carbon development level to be improved, and low industrial concentration. In particular, the high energy consumption and high carbon emissions brought about by the high-carbonized fuel structure dominated by coal and coke have not been completely changed, and breakthrough carbon emission reduction technologies such as medium-low temperature waste heat utilization, hydrogen metallurgy, and CCUS are still in the pilot stage.
In addition, the development of China’s electric furnace steelmaking industry is slow. The proportion has been about 10% in recent years, compared with the world average level of 26%. The gap is obvious, long process accounted for a high proportion of the situation is difficult to change in the short term. On the whole, the challenges facing China’s steel industry to achieve high-quality development are still severe and complex.
Zhang Xiaogang believes that China’s steel should take scientific and technological innovation as a strategic base point, continue to strengthen from six directions, and accelerate the formation of a high-quality development pattern of reasonable layout structure, stable resource supply, advanced technology and equipment, outstanding quality brand, high intelligence level, strong global competitiveness, green, low-carbon and sustainable. 数字化转型网www.szhzxw.cn
First, we continued to improve and upgrade the industrial structure.
Promote the optimization of the layout of steel production capacity across the country, consolidate and improve the results of steel work to resolve excess production capacity, improve the long-term mechanism of market-oriented and law-based resolution of excess production capacity, and promote backward production capacity in accordance with law and regulations. Encourage leading enterprises in the industry to implement mergers and reorganizations, build world-class super-large steel enterprise groups, and promote the further improvement of industrial concentration. Give play to the leading role of leading enterprises in the industrial chain, and create advanced steel industry clusters.
Second, we will continue to enhance the ability to secure iron resources.
Establish a stable and reliable diversified raw material supply system, accelerate the start and operation of key domestic iron ore projects, expand capacity and production, ensure the normal production of compliant mining enterprises, increase investment and development of overseas mineral resources. And steadily increase the proportion of overseas resource rights and interests. Strengthen the recycling and utilization of scrap steel resources, improve the construction of scrap recycling, processing and distribution systems. And promote the expansion of imports of recycled steel raw materials.
Third, we will continue to strengthen the support and guidance of scientific and technological innovation.
Strengthen the main position of enterprises in scientific and technological innovation, give full play to the leading and supporting role of backbone enterprises in science and technology, strengthen the deep integration of enterprise-led production, university and research, focusing on key common technologies such as low-carbon metallurgy, clean steel smelting, thin strip casting and rolling, efficient rolling, process control based on big data, energy conservation and environmental protection. And general special equipment and components such as advanced electric furnaces, special smelting, and high-end testing. We will increase investment in innovation resources and strengthen breakthroughs in scientific and technological innovation and the application of achievements.
Fourth, we will continue to promote digital and intelligent development.
Accelerate the implementation of digitalization, networking and intelligent transformation and upgrading of iron and steel enterprises, promote the research and development, application and demonstration of 5G, industrial Internet, artificial intelligence, digital twin and other technologies, break through a number of key common technologies of intelligent manufacturing, select a number of promotion and application scenarios, cultivate a number of high-level professional system solution suppliers. And build a number of intelligent manufacturing demonstration factories. 数字化转型网www.szhzxw.cn
Fifth, continue to promote green and low-carbon transformation.
We will combine aggregate regulation and carbon reduction through scientific and technological innovation, combine source control, process control and end treatment, comprehensively promote ultra-low emissions, and make coordinated efforts to reduce pollution and carbon. We will accelerate pilot test verification and industrialization of key generic technologies such as hydrogen metallurgy and low-carbon metallurgy. Promote the high-quality and efficient utilization of scrap steel resources, and orderly guide the development of electric furnace steelmaking.
Sixth, continue to promote domestic and international scientific and technological exchanges.
Academic exchange is the main foothold and entry point for the society to serve scientific and technological innovation. The Chinese Society of Metals has created and hosted high-end domestic academic exchange platforms such as the China Iron and Steel Annual Conference. The National Iron/Steel Making/Steel rolling/Energy and Environmental Protection/Production Technology Conference. And the high-end Forum on Digital Development. Launched the international Automotive Steel Conference, Thin slab Continuous Casting and Rolling International seminar, Sustainable development of iron and steel metallurgy technology international academic conference and other independent brand international conferences, but also with France, Germany, Italy, India, Japan, South Korea, the United Kingdom, the United States, Brazil and other countries to establish bilateral and multilateral exchanges and cooperation. The society will continue to innovate the forms of academic exchange, improve the quality of activities, smooth exchange and mutual learning, and stimulate independent innovation.
“China’s iron and steel industry to achieve green low-carbon transformation and high-quality development. Requires the joint efforts of the majority of iron and steel workers, unremitting struggle. In the first half of this year. The Chinese Society of Metals has visited more than a dozen vice chairman units and governing units to listen to opinions, find problems, improve working methods, and build a first-class society. In the future, the society will continue to make efforts to promote scientific and technological innovation, high-quality development of the steel industry. And achieve a high level of scientific and technological self-reliance.” Mr. Zhang concluded. 数字化转型网www.szhzxw.cn
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