Werner Vogels 借鉴了过去的硬件幽灵，在 re：Invent 大会上发表了关于在考虑成本的情况下在云中快速移动的主题演讲。
一目了然
- 旧的硬件限制催化了创造力，以满足运营需求。
- 在没有新架构的情况下，将低效、不可扩展的资源提升和转移到云中并不能解决他们的挑战。
- Vogels 认为，在云中需要具有成本意识的创意架构。
在上周的 AWS re：Invent 大会上，亚马逊副总裁兼首席技术官 Werner Vogels 在现场发表的主题演讲中，希望谈谈成本感知架构。 数字化转型网www.szhzxw.cn
他指出，对于观众中的一些与会者来说，他们的职业生涯始于一个云广泛可用的世界;他们可能永远不必在没有这些资源的情况下工作。“从整个硬件环境转移到云端的好处是，我们突然可以构建我们一直想要构建的这些架构，”Vogels说。“我们不再受制于所有这些服务器的物理特性。”
回顾过去，他说，这种硬件限制可能催化了某些类型的创造力，可以在这种条件下运行，但现在没有这种限制，新的创新是可能的。“如果我回想起在零售商亚马逊的云计算时代，我非常擅长预测我们需要多少容量，”沃格尔斯说。“我们可以做出决定，确保我们的硬件比当年的预期峰值高出 15%，但我们仍然不会发生任何事情。没什么意外的。
至少，在意外发生之前。“在[任天堂] Wiis 和 [索尼] PS4 非常稀缺的日子里，有人在某处发布了一条消息说，明天亚马逊将在早上 11：00 出售一千台 Wiis，”他说。“嗯，你知道11分钟到5点会发生什么吗？F5、F5、F<> — 假设您是 Windows 用户。
这个关键命令让消费者一次又一次地反复刷新网站，因为他们试图对当时很难找到的视频游戏机进行评分。 数字化转型网www.szhzxw.cn
沃格尔斯说，亚马逊努力应对流量的涌入，寻找创造性的方法来确保所有客户都能在网上踩踏事件中得到服务。“这需要大量的工作和大量的手把手，”他说。“但更重要的是，商业创新也因此而受到限制。他说，在黑色星期五到来之前，这可能特别棘手，因为团队提出了可能在假日狂热期间增加收入和利润的创新。
“在某种程度上，建立这些系统并生活在你所拥有的限制中，这是一种艺术，”沃格尔斯说。“当然，现在云消除了所有这些限制。现在突然之间，你可以做所有这些事情。我不必与企业就减少他们的足迹进行长时间的对话。你可以做任何事情。
随着技术的利用，新发现的自由可能会导致各种担忧。
“当限制被消除时，当我们摆脱束缚我们的束缚时，我们倾向于将钟摆一直摆向另一边，”他说。“突然之间，最重要的事情实际上是快速行动，推出新产品，开始思考你现在可以做的所有以前做不到的事情。虽然这种自由导致了基于AWS的创新，但Vogels表示，思维方式和方法的改变，专注于快速行动，一些实用的思维可能会被搁置一旁。“如果执行速度变得更加重要，我们就失去了这门艺术，这种为成本而设计并牢记成本的艺术。” 数字化转型网www.szhzxw.cn
他说，当宏观经济环境发生变化，公司变得更加注重成本时，人们将更多地关注这些系统中创新的价格。
Vogels说，大型企业可能有钱投入云架构，但许多其他组织必须在严格的预算内运营。这包括公共广播服务（PBS），一个非商业电视广播公司。“他们必须生活在严格的预算内，”他说。“他们不仅为会员提供所有这些计划。他们还流式传输所有内容。在 40第芝麻街周年纪念日，他们彻底崩溃了。这发生在 2009 年，当时 PBS 正在从自己的数据中心流出。Vogels 说，这导致 PBS 迁移到 AWS，以大规模运营。
“如果你只是在自己的数据中心中对一些不可扩展和高效的东西进行直接迁移，那么它也不会突然在云中变得可扩展和高效，”他说。Vogels 表示，通过迁移，PBS 试图利用所有可用的 AWS 服务，从而将流媒体成本降低了 80%。他说，这种成本节约不仅仅是因为移民。“他们在重新设计时考虑到了成本。”
Vogels 的主题演讲聚焦于这些主题，他讨论了成本考虑与云架构相结合的其他情况，即使有大量的选项和资源可用。“你必须在设计的每一步都考虑成本，”他说，并深入探讨了记住推动 – 并且可能证明 – 探索新技术的商业案例的重要性。“我们不只是为了技术而技术，”他说。“我们正在构建技术来支持我们的业务，我希望你们所有人都在一个可能具有某种敏捷性、敏捷发展战略的组织中，与您的业务合作伙伴保持密切联系。 数字化转型网www.szhzxw.cn
英文原文：
Amazon CTO Talks Cloud, Creative Architecture, and Cost
Drawing on ghosts of hardware past, Werner Vogels delivered a keynote at re:Invent about moving fast in the cloud with consideration for cost. 数字化转型网www.szhzxw.cn
At a Glance
- Old hardware constraints catalyzed creativity to meet operational needs.
- Lifting and shifting inefficient, unscalable resources to the cloud without new architecture does not fix their challenges.
- Vogels sees the need for creative architecture in the cloud that is cost-aware.
In a keynote presented in-person and streamed from at last week’s AWS re:Invent conference, Amazon Vice President and CTO Werner Vogels wanted to talk about cost-aware architecture.
He noted that for some of the attendees in the audience, their careers began in a world where the cloud is widely available; and they might never have to work without access to such resources. “The great thing about sort of moving out of that whole hardware environ and into the cloud was that we suddenly could build these architectures that we always wanted to build,” Vogels said. “We no longer were constrained by the physicality of all those servers.” 数字化转型网www.szhzxw.cn
Reflecting on the past, he said such hardware constraints might have catalyzed certain kinds of creativity to operate under such conditions, but new innovation is possible now without such limits. “If I think back about being in the pre-cloud days of Amazon, the retailer, I was really good at predicting sort of how much capacity we needed,” Vogels said. “We could make the decision to make sure we had 15% hardware over the expected peak for that year, but still nothing would happen to us. Nothing unexpected.”
At least, until something unexpected did occur. “In the days that [Nintendo] Wiis and [Sony] PS4s were very scarce, someone posted a message somewhere saying, tomorrow Amazon will have a thousand Wiis for sale at 11:00 in the morning,” he said. “Well, you know what happens at five minutes to 11? F5, F5, F5 — assuming you’re a Windows user.”
That key command let consumers repeatedly refresh the website again, and again, and again as they attempted to score the then-hard to find video game consoles.
Vogels said Amazon worked its way around the influx of traffic, finding creative ways to ensure all customers could be served in the midst of an online stampede. “It required a lot of work and a lot of handholding,” he said. “But more importantly, there were also restrictions on business innovation because of that.” This could be particularly tricky in the lead up to Black Friday, he said, as teams proposed innovations that might boost revenue and profits during the holiday frenzy.
“There was sort of an art in sort of building these systems and living within the constraints that you had,” Vogels said. “And now cloud of course, removed all of those constraints. Now suddenly, you could do all these things. I didn’t have to have long conversations with the business about sort of reducing their footprint. You could do everything.” 数字化转型网www.szhzxw.cn
Newfound freedom can lead to different kinds of concerns as technology is exploited.
“When constraints get removed, when we throw off the shackles of something that keeps us down, we have a tendency to swing the pendulum all the way to the other side,” he said. “Suddenly, what is the most important thing is actually to move fast, to get new products out, to start thinking about all the things you could do now that you couldn’t do before.” While such freedom led to innovations built on AWS, Vogels said a change in mindset and approach, to focus on moving fast, some practical thinking can fall by the wayside. “If speed of execution becomes more important, we kind of lost this art, this art of architecting for cost and keeping costs in mind.”
When macroeconomic climates change and companies become more cost-conscious, he said more attention is aimed at the price of innovation in those systems.
Large enterprises might have the money to throw at cloud architecture, but many other organizations must operate within strict budgets, Vogels said. That includes the Public Broadcast Service (PBS), a noncommercial television broadcaster. “They have to live within a strict budget,” he said. “It’s not only that they provide all these programs for the affiliates. They also stream all content. And at the 40th anniversary of Sesame Street, they completely broke down.” This occurred in 2009 while PBS was streaming out of its own data centers. This led PBS to migrate to AWS, Vogels said, to operate at a massive scale. 数字化转型网www.szhzxw.cn
“If you just do lift and shift of something that wasn’t scalable and efficient in your own data center, it isn’t suddenly scalable and efficient in the cloud either,” he said. With that migration, PBS sought to make use of every AWS service available, driving the cost of streaming down by 80%, Vogels said. Such cost savings, he said, were not just because of the migration. “They re-architected with cost in mind.”
With his keynote focused on such themes, Vogels discussed other instances where cost considerations were married to cloud architecture, even with an abundance of options and resources available. “You have to consider cost at every step of your design,” he said, drilling down on the importance of remembering the business case that drives — and likely justifies — the exploration of new technology. “We’re not just building technology for technology’s sake,” he said. “We are building technology to support our business and I hope that all of you are in an organization that probably has some sort of agility, agile development strategy where you are close with your business partners.”
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