在PLM的发展过程中，根据国内外PLM厂商的发展动向，以及对PLM关键技术的研究，PLM在未来几年将围绕以下几个重要的方向发展：数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
可定制化的解决方案；
高效多层次协同应用；
多周期产品数据管理；
知识共享与重用管理；
数字化仿真普及应用；
这些重要的发展方向将决定PLM的整个市场普及推广，并给PLM带来前所未有的应用高潮。
一、可定制化的解决方案数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
PLM成功应用的关键取决于软件供应商对企业的需求响应的速度和代价，响应速度越快并且付出代价合理，那么系统实施成功并且不断深化的可能性就越大，因此PLM必须是一个可定制化解决方案。从PLM系统的发展轨迹来看，PLM系统的可定制能力经历了缺乏可定制、模型可定制、模型驱动的构件可定制的这样的发展过程，随着实施企业的逐渐理性，PLM需要提供一个使企业可以快速、安全、稳定并且低成本的部署，并运行一个数据模型和业务模型符合具体需求的可定制的解决方案。如图3所示，随着PLM在产品的各个生命周期阶段功能的完善，使得PLM的功能愈来愈丰富和强大，但即使是这样，也不能完全满足不同企业的个性需求，因此提供一个可定制化的解决方案就显得非常有必要，让用户来决定最终PLM产品的形态和配置。
当前主流的国际PLM厂商在可定制化方面做了相当多的研究，例如PTC公司的Windchill在基于Java平台的基础上，实现了企业实施过程中的二次开发功能，同时可以进行简单的数据建模，但是这些需要企业进行一定量的开发，而且提供的建模能力远远满足不了不同企业的个性需要，如：企业在PLM系统实施中，经常需要定制大量的基于业务过程驱动的具有严格权限控制的各类业务单据，因此，国外主流PLM厂商的解决方案距离真正的可定制化的解决方案尚有距离。
二、高效多层次协同应用
随着PLM的快速发展，PLM已经逐步覆盖从产品市场需求、概念设计、详细设计、加工制造、售后服务，直到产品报废回收等全过程的管理，并逐步实现了与企业其它信息系统的深入集成。目前国内外许多集团型企业也在使用PLM系统，同时产业链上的上下游企业之间也需要通过PLM实现协同，因此伴随着的问题就是解决产品不同阶段、不同参与人员和组织之间的协同，因为只有高效的协同应用，优化的业务过程，才能真正提高企业的工作效率，缩短响应时间，为企业带来更好的利润回报。协同的应用根据企业的业务需求可以分为多个层次，我们把协同应用分为三个大的层次：项目管理协同、业务过程管理的协同和业务数据协同管理。
项目管理的协同可以在整个企业不同部门之间或者产业链的上下游企业之间应用，主要反映的任务的关系和结果，这对于解决集团型企业应用非常适合；数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
业务过程管理的协同可以在部门内部或者部门之间应用，主要反映日常业务的执行过程和结果，满足了企业日常工作的自动化协同；
业务数据的协同管理是最基本的协同，通过数据的生命周期阶段或者状态在不同人员之间形成协同，保证业务数据在整个生存周期的正确和完整。
当前主流的PLM产品都分别提供了这几个层次的协同解决方案，例如UGS的TeamCenter产品提供了企业协同、工程协同、制造协同、项目协同、需求协同、可视化协同、社区协同等不同的解决方案，这些协同方案针对不同的需求产生。
高效多层次协同不但强调协同方案的“多”，更强调不同协同方案的一致性和完整性，提供企业产业链之间、企业部门之间、部门内部等多层次的协同的同时，提高不同协同之间的集成和协同方法的不断探索，实现不同多层次协同的无缝集成。目前PLM系统在协同方面的应用还主要停留在企业内部业务规则和业务数据的协同，虽然部分企业也实施了项目管理，但是和PLM系统的高效紧密集成还有一定距离。
三、多周期产品数据管理
PLM产品是从PDM产品发展起来的，在企业的应用已经从研发部门延伸到企业的各个部门，对于同一份系统中的数据，根据企业的划分标准不同，会有多个生命周期，例如对一个文档对象，根据不同的标准，可能会参与两个生命周期的变化： 业务生命周期：需求、设计、审批、工艺、制造、售后等；
数据生命周期：工作阶段、审批阶段、归档阶段；因此多周期的数据管理是PLM系统发展应用的趋势，同一份数据同时存在于5个生命周期线上，需要保证不同生命周期的不同阶段的有效管理。目前主流的PLM厂商都有自己的产品生命周期管理解决方案，但是还没有多周期产品数据管理，单周期的数据管理对于项目型的应用比较适合，因为项目本身就包含了一次性的特点，而产品的管理是重复迭代，周而复始，需要更加复杂的周期管理。数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
四、知识共享与重用管理
现在知识管理已经非常热门，企业不断推出各种知识管理解决方案。关于知识管理系统定义非常多，如知识管理系统是一种把企业的事实知识(know-what)、技能知识（know-how）、原理知识(know-why)与存在于公司数据库和操作技术中的显性知识组织起来的技术。
随着企业应用PLM的时间越来越长，积累的数据来越多，这其中包含了企业多年沉淀的知识，如何让这些知识方便的在企业内部共享和传播就显得非常重要。
知识的共享和重用的应用包含两个方面：一是获取知识，即进行数据挖掘和数据的整理；另一个是知识传播，即把已经整理好的知识融入到PLM系统，依靠PLM系统把必要的知识传递给相关的人，为企业的生产进行服务，减少不必要的重复劳动或者探索。通过知识分类和梳理理，可以把企业的各类知识进行有效的管理，有效的形成企业的知识资产。数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
在PLM已有的数据中进行挖掘和整理，形成可共享的知识，然后通过PLM系统传播给所有部门的人员，在使用的过程中，整合人们总结的知识，并和已有的知识进行累积分析，形成循环使用，达到智力资源的优化配置。
五、数字化仿真应用普及
随着企业对生产制造过程的仿真和管理的需求不断加大，全球三大PLM厂商UGS-Tecnomatix（已被西门子收购）、达索-Delmia、PTC-Polyplan均已拥有了自己的数字化制造解决方案，开始了产品生命周期的一个新阶段的应用探索。通过数字化仿真企业可以节约产品研发、生产准备和生产节拍制定等许多成本，并可以节约大量的时间。数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
数字化仿真主要分为两个方面，一是产品生产制造的仿真，另一方面是管理过程的仿真。
产品生产制造的仿真主要应用在航空航天、汽车和电子等复杂、大型制造行业中，一个产品研制的完成需要较长的时间，复杂度比较高，如果按照传统的生产流程，在产品形成和测试过程中，需要耗费大量的人力和物力进行验证，这些工作需要耗费企业大量的成本，而且测试并不意味着一次性成功，有了数字化仿真，就可以通过在计算机上进行大量的测试和验证工作，大大节省了成本和时间。
管理过程的仿真主要是管理者在制定新的业务过程的时候，按照传统的做法，需要进行较长的适应和磨合期，而且如何进行已有业务规则的调整，需要实际的人员参与，形成的周期比较长，对于企业的管理是一个很大的挑战。有了数字化仿真，管理者可以通过PLM系统仿真业务规则的制定和执行过程，生成相关的数据，制定相关的业务过程，进行仿真，在仿真的过程中发现问题进行改进，节省了成本，提高了管理过程的可控制性。管理以人为本，辅以先进的信息技术，才能真正提高企业的管理水平。
现在各主要PLM厂商主要集中在产品生产制造的仿真研究上，管理过程的仿真还是一个新的领域，在今后的几年将会是PLM应用的热点。数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
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翻译：
In the development process of PLM. According to the development trend of domestic and foreign PLM manufacturers. As well as the research on the key technologies of PLM. PLM will develop in the following important directions in the next few years:
Customizable solutions;
Efficient multi-level collaborative application;
Multi-cycle product data management;
Knowledge sharing and reuse management;
Digital simulation popularization;
These are important developments that will determine the overall adoption of PLM and give PLM an unprecedented wave of adoption.
1. Customizable solutions
The key to successful application of PLM is the speed and cost of the software vendor’s response to the needs of the enterprise. The faster the response is and the cost is reasonable. The more likely the system implementation is to be successful and progressive, so PLM must be a customizable solution.
From the development track of PLM system. The customizable capability of PLM system has experienced such a development process as the lack of customizable, model-driven and model-driven components. With the gradual rational implementation of enterprises, PLM needs to provide a rapid, safe, stable and low-cost deployment. And run a customizable solution where the data model and business model fit the specific requirements. As shown in Figure 3, PLM has become more and more powerful with the improvement of its functions in each stage of the product lifecycle. But even this cannot fully meet the individual needs of different enterprises. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a customizable solution and let users decide the shape and configuration of the final PLM product.数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
At present, the mainstream international PLM manufacturers have done a lot of research in the aspect of customizable. For example, Windchill of PTC company, based on the Java platform, realizes the secondary development function in the process of enterprise implementation and can also carry out simple data modeling. However, these need a certain amount of development by enterprises. Moreover, the modeling capability provided is far from meeting the individual needs of different enterprises. For example, in the implementation of PLM system. Enterprises often need to customize a large number of business process-driven business documents with strict authority control. Therefore, the solutions of foreign mainstream PLM manufacturers are still far from the real customized solutions.
2. Efficient multi-level collaborative application
With the rapid development of PLM. PLM has gradually covered the whole process management from product market demand, conceptual design. Detailed design, processing and manufacturing, after-sales service, to product scrapping and recycling, and has gradually realized the in-depth integration with other enterprise information systems.
At present, many group enterprises at home and abroad are also using PLM system. At the same time, upstream and downstream enterprises in the industrial chain also need to realize collaboration through PLM. Therefore, the accompanied problem is to solve the collaboration between different stages of products, different participants and organizations. Because only efficient collaborative application and optimized business process can truly improve the working efficiency of enterprises. Shorten the response time, bring better profit return for the enterprise. Collaborative application can be divided into multiple levels according to the business needs of enterprises. We divide collaborative application into three major levels: project management coordination, business process management coordination and business data coordination management.
The collaboration of project management can be applied between different departments of the whole enterprise or between upstream and downstream enterprises of the industrial chain. Mainly reflecting the relationship between tasks and results, which is very suitable for solving the application of group enterprises.数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
The collaboration of business process management
The collaboration of business process management can be applied within or between departments, mainly reflects the execution process and results of daily business. And satisfies the automatic collaboration of daily work of enterprises.
Collaborative management of business data is the most basic collaboration. Through the life cycle stages or states of data, collaboration is formed. Between different personnel to ensure the correctness and integrity of business data in the whole life cycle.
The current mainstream PLM products all provide these levels of collaborative solutions respectively. For example, TeamCenter product of UGS provides enterprise collaboration, engineering collaboration. Manufacturing collaboration, project collaboration, demand collaboration, visualization collaboration, community collaboration and other different solutions. These collaborative solutions are generated according to different needs.
Efficient multi-level collaboration not only emphasizes the “multiple” of collaborative schemes, but also emphasizes the consistency and integrity of different collaborative schemes. While providing multi-level collaboration among enterprise industry chains. Between enterprise departments and within departments, it also improves the integration between different synergies and the continuous exploration of collaborative methods to realize the seamless integration of different multi-level synergies. At present, the application of PLM system in collaboration is still mainly confined to the collaboration of business rules and business data within enterprises. Although some enterprises have implemented project management. There is still a certain distance between it and the efficient and tight integration of PLM system.
3. Multi-cycle product data management
PLM products are developed from PDM products. And their application in the enterprise has extended from the R&D department to all departments of the enterprise. Data in the same system may have multiple life cycles according to different standards of the enterprise. For example, a document object may participate in two life cycles according to different standards: business life cycle. Demand, design, approval, process, manufacturing, after-sales, etc.;
Data life cycle: working stage, approval stage, archiving stage; Therefore, multi-cycle data management is the trend of the development and application of PLM system. The same data exists in 5 life cycle lines at the same time. So it is necessary to ensure the effective management of different stages of different life cycles. At present, mainstream PLM manufacturers all have their own product lifecycle management solutions, but there is no multi-cycle product data management. Single-cycle data management is more suitable for project-type applications. Because the project itself contains the characteristics of one-time, while product management is repeated iteration and cycle, requiring more complex cycle management.
4. Knowledge sharing and reuse management
Now knowledge management has been very popular, enterprises continue to introduce a variety of knowledge management solutions. There are many definitions about knowledge management system. For example, knowledge management system is a kind of technology that organizes the facts knowledge (know-what), skills knowledge (know-how), principles knowledge (know-why) of an enterprise with the explicit knowledge existing in the company’s database and operation technology.
As enterprises have been using PLM for longer and longer. They have accumulated more and more data, which contains the knowledge accumulated over the years. Therefore, it is very important to share and spread these knowledge conveniently within enterprises.
The application of knowledge sharing and reuse includes two aspects. One is knowledge acquisition, that is, data mining and data sorting. The other is knowledge transmission, that is to integrate the sorted knowledge into the PLM system. And rely on the PLM system to transfer the necessary knowledge to the relevant people. So as to serve the production of the enterprise and reduce the unnecessary duplication of labor or exploration. Through knowledge classification and sorting, all kinds of knowledge of enterprises can be effectively managed and knowledge assets of enterprises can be effectively formed.
The existing data of PLM will be mined and sorted out to form shareable knowledge, which will then be disseminated to staff of all departments through the PLM system. In the process of use, the knowledge summarized by people will be integrated and accumulated and analyzed with the existing knowledge to form recycling and optimize the allocation of intellectual resources.
5. Popularization of digital simulation application
With the increasing demand for simulation and management of manufacturing process, the world’s three major PLM manufacturers, UGS-Tecnomatix (acquired by Siemens), Dassault Delmia and PGC-Polyplan, have all developed their own digital manufacturing solutions. And started to explore the application of a new stage in the product life cycle. Through digital simulation, enterprises can save many costs such as product research and development, production preparation and production timing, and can save a lot of time.
Digital simulation is mainly divided into two aspects, one is the simulation of product manufacturing, the other is the simulation of management process.
The simulation of product production and manufacturing
The simulation of product production and manufacturing is mainly used in complex and large-scale manufacturing industries such as aerospace, automobile and electronics. The completion of a product development needs a long time and high complexity. If the traditional production process is followed, a lot of manpower and material resources are needed for verification in the process of product formation and testing. And the test does not mean a one-time success, with digital simulation, you can through a lot of testing and verification work on the computer, greatly save the cost and time.
The simulation of management process is mainly when the manager develops the new business process, according to the traditional practice, it needs to carry out a long adaptation and run-in period, and how to adjust the existing business rules, requires the participation of actual personnel, forming a relatively long cycle, which is a great challenge for enterprise management. With digital simulation, managers can simulate the formulation and execution process of business rules through PLM system, generate relevant data, develop relevant business processes, and conduct simulation. In the simulation process, problems are found and improved, which saves costs and improves the controllability of management process. Management people-oriented, supplemented by advanced information technology, can really improve the management level of enterprises.
At present, the main PLM manufacturers mainly focus on the simulation research of product manufacturing, management process simulation is still a new field, in the next few years will be the hot spot of PLM application.
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