数字中国建设“2522”整体框架和“国家数据局”

【ANDY】未来5~10年的关键词是：“数字中国”和“数据要素”。

一、数字中国建设“2522”整体框架

• 数字中国建设按照“2522”的整体框架进行布局，
• 即夯实数字基础设施和数据资源体系“两大基础”，
• 推进数字技术与经济、政治、文化、社会、生态文明建设“五位一体”深度融合，
• 强化数字技术创新体系和数字安全屏障“两大能力”，
• 优化数字化发展国内国际“两个环境”。

中共中央 国务院印发《数字中国建设整体布局规划》
http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/2023-02/27/content_5743484.htm

二、组建国家数据局

当今社会，数字资源、数字经济对经济社会发展具有基础性作用，对于构建新发展格局、建设现代化经济体系、构筑国家竞争新优势意义重大，必须加强对数据的管理、开发、利用。

在保持数据安全、行业数据监管、信息化发展、数字政府建设等现行工作格局总体稳定前提下，把数据资源整合共享和开发利用方面的有关职责相对集中，组建国家数据局，作为国家发展和改革委员会管理的国家局，负责协调推进数据基础制度建设，统筹推进数字中国、数字经济、数字社会规划和建设等。

把中央网络安全和信息化委员会办公室承担的研究拟订数字中国建设方案、协调推动公共服务和社会治理信息化、协调促进智慧城市建设、协调国家重要信息资源开发利用与共享、推动信息资源跨行业跨部门互联互通等职责，国家发展和改革委员会承担的统筹推进数字经济发展、组织实施国家大数据战略、推进数据要素基础制度建设、推进数字基础设施布局建设等职责划入国家数据局。

《关于国务院机构改革方案的说明》2023年3月7日
http://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2023-03/08/content_5745356.htm

三、专家解读“国家数据局”

• 国家行政学院教授，汪玉凯：本次成立国家数据局，它从整个战略数据重大政策，突出数字中国、数字经济、数字社会建设，在具体层面上可以更加聚焦发挥数据要素的基础性作用。这里面唯一没有放入国家数据局的就是数字政府。数字政府是由国务院办公厅统领的，除了数字政府之外的数字化相关部门都归到国家数据局了，所以这也是应对数字化潮流在组织架构上采取的重要调整举措。
• 清华大学公共管理学院学术委员、苏世民书院院长，薛澜：中央网信办的职责更明确，就是行使对网络安全和数据安全监管的职能，而国家数据局则可以更加聚焦发挥数据要素的基础性作用，推动数字经济的蓬勃发展。
• 中国社会科学院法学研究所副所长，周汉华：设立国家数据局，推动数据监管相关工作，统一行使数据监管职能，可以尽快改变数据监管职能分散的现状，为实现标准、规则、市场统一和监管手段现代化奠定基础。国家数据局作为部委管理的国家局，将基于国家发改委的资源和影响力，有利于与改革发展职能融合、推动系统变革，但还难以完全摆脱“九龙治水”格局的影响。
• 浙江大学国际联合商学院数字经济与金融创新研究中心联席主任、研究员，盘和林：成立国家数据局，一方面是提高国家对数据交易体制机制建设，以及数据基础设施建设的支持力度，用专业化的部门来推动数据产业发展；另一方面通过高权限部门的方式，打通数据链路，实现数据整合。
• 北京社科院研究员，王鹏：国家高度重视数字经济、数据要素市场、数字中国建设，按照原来的体制机制，这些是分散在不同的部门，缺乏统筹，比如，推进数字经济发展这块是归发改委，推进数字中国建设整体布局研究是网信办，地方的数字政府相关工作可能是各地政府办公厅和政务服务局管理，各行各业的数据也归口到不同的管理部门在管，组建国家数据局后，可以调动各方资源全面推进数字中国，有利于各项工作的展开。
• 华南师范大学法学院研究员、数字政府与数字经济法治研究中心主任，马颜昕：数据管理涉及的部门多、范围广，过去是分散治理，涉及网信部门、工信系统、发改委、国务院办公室电子政务办、公安部等。这也导致数据分散在不同部门和各个环节。现在，国家要大力建设数据要素市场，此前分散的管理机制存在一定痛点，无法适应这种需求。组建国家数据局是想由其主导推进未来的制度构建和相关投资建设。

四、各省份大数据局

翻译：

[ANDY] The key words for the next 5 to 10 years are “digital China” and “data elements”.

The overall framework of Digital China construction “2522”

Digital China construction is laid out according to the overall framework of “2522”.

That is to consolidate the “two foundations” of digital infrastructure and data resource system,

Promote the deep integration of digital technology with economic, political, cultural, social, and ecological progress.

Strengthen the “two major capabilities” of digital technology innovation system and digital security barrier,

Optimize the domestic and international “two environments” for digital development.

The CPC Central Committee and The State Council issued the Overall Layout Plan for Digital China
http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/2023-02/27/content_5743484.htm

Establish a National Data Bureau

In today’s society, digital resources and digital economy play a fundamental role in economic and social development, and are of great significance to the construction of a new development pattern, the construction of a modern economic system, and the construction of a new competitive advantage of the country.

On the premise of maintaining the overall stability of the current work pattern such as data security, industry data supervision, information development, and digital government construction, the relevant responsibilities for the integration, sharing, development and utilization of data resources are relatively centralized, and the National Data Bureau is set up as a national bureau under the management of the National Development and Reform Commission to coordinate and promote the construction of data infrastructure systems. We will advance the planning and development of digital China, digital economy and digital society in a coordinated manner.

The Office of the Central Cyberspace Affairs Commission has assumed the responsibilities of studying and drafting plans for the construction of digital China, coordinating and promoting the informatization of public services and social governance, coordinating and promoting the construction of smart cities, coordinating the development, utilization and sharing of important national information resources, and promoting cross-industry and cross-departmental connectivity of information resources. The responsibilities undertaken by the National Development and Reform Commission to coordinate and promote the development of the digital economy, organize the implementation of the national big data strategy, promote the construction of the basic system of data elements, and promote the layout and construction of digital infrastructure are assigned to the National Data Bureau.

Note on the Institutional Reform Plan of The State Council, March 7, 2023
http://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2023-03/08/content_5745356.htm

Experts interpret the “National Data Bureau”

Wang Yukai, Professor of the Chinese Academy of Governance:

The establishment of the National Data Bureau, it from the whole strategic data major policy, highlighting the construction of digital China, digital economy, digital society, at the specific level can be more focused on the basic role of data elements. The only thing left out of the National Data Bureau is digital government. The digital government is led by The General Office of the State Council, and all digital-related departments other than the digital government are under the National Data Bureau, so this is also an important adjustment measure taken in the organizational structure to cope with the digital trend.

Xue LAN, Academic member of the School of Public Administration, Tsinghua University, Dean of Schwarzman College:

The responsibilities of the Central Cyberspace Administration are more clear, which is to exercise the functions of network security and data security supervision, while the National Data Bureau can focus more on the basic role of data elements to promote the vigorous development of the digital economy.

Zhou Hanhua, Deputy Director of the Institute of Law, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences:

The establishment of a National Data Bureau to promote the work related to data supervision and the unified exercise of data supervision functions can change the status quo of decentralized data supervision functions as soon as possible, and lay the foundation for the realization of standards, rules, market unification and the modernization of regulatory means. As a national bureau managed by ministries and commissions, the National Data Bureau will be based on the resources and influence of the National Development and Reform Commission, which is conducive to the integration of reform and development functions and the promotion of system changes, but it is difficult to completely get rid of the influence of the “Kowloon water control” pattern.

Pan Helin, Co-director and Researcher of the Research Center for Digital Economy and Financial Innovation, International Business School, Zhejiang University:

The establishment of the National Data Bureau, on the one hand, is to improve the state’s support for the construction of data transaction system and mechanism, as well as the construction of data infrastructure, and promote the development of data industry with specialized departments; On the other hand, through the way of high-authority departments, data links are opened to achieve data integration.

Wang Peng, Researcher, Beijing Academy of Social Sciences:

The state attaches great importance to the digital economy, data factor market, digital China construction, according to the original system and mechanism, these are scattered in different departments, lack of coordination, for example, to promote the development of digital economy is the National Development and Reform Commission, to promote the overall layout of digital China construction is the Cyberspace Administration, local digital government related work may be managed by local government offices and government service bureaus. Data from all walks of life are also centralized in different management departments, and after the establishment of the National Data Bureau, resources from all parties can be mobilized to comprehensively promote digital China, which is conducive to the development of various work.

Ma Yanxin, Researcher of Law School of South China Normal University, Director of the Digital Government and Digital Economy Rule of Law Research Center:

Data management involves many departments and a wide range, and in the past, it was decentralized governance, involving the network information department, the industry information system, the National Development and Reform Commission, the e-Government Office of The State Council Office, the Ministry of Public Security and so on. This also leads to the fragmentation of data across different departments and processes. Now, the state should vigorously build the data elements market, the previous decentralized management mechanism has a certain pain point, can not adapt to this demand. The establishment of the National Data Bureau is intended to lead the promotion of future institutional construction and related investment construction.

4. Provincial Big Data Bureaus

本文由数字化转型网（www.szhzxw.cn）转载而成，来源于常华Andy Andy730；编辑/翻译：数字化转型网宁檬树。

免责声明: 本网站(https://www.szhzxw.cn/)内容主要来自原创、合作媒体供稿和第三方投稿，凡在本网站出现的信息，均仅供参考。本网站将尽力确保所提供信息的准确性及可靠性，但不保证有关资料的准确性及可靠性，读者在使用前请进一步核实，并对任何自主决定的行为负责。本网站对有关资料所引致的错误、不确或遗漏，概不负任何法律责任。

本网站刊载的所有内容(包括但不仅限文字、图片、LOGO、音频、视频、软件、程序等) 版权归原作者所有。任何单位或个人认为本网站中的内容可能涉嫌侵犯其知识产权或存在不实内容时，请及时通知本站，予以删除。