一、螺丝螺母是大米
工业离不开紧固件。一架大飞机有300多万颗铆钉；一台数百吨重百米高的风力发电机，则需要用到近2万颗的“螺丝钉”。以螺丝螺母为代表，密密麻麻无处不在的紧固件，被称为“工业大米”。而河北南部邯郸市下的一个小城市永年县，则提供了全国近60%的紧固件。数字化转型网www.szhzxw.cn
这里的紧固件产值已经有400亿元人民币。对于县域经济而言，这是一个不小的体量。作为人口大县，永年100万的人口足以在河北县级人口排列第一。但这里土地稀缺，自然禀赋并不好。然而，这里没有足够的土地种粮食，却生产了丰足的紧固件。紧固件的原材料主要是钢，永年需要每年消耗钢材500万多吨。这得益于河北的钢铁。邯郸跟唐山一样，都是产钢大户。这里以钢材为基线所发展出来的产业，跟工业原材料直接相连。跟其他产业集群一样，它也是自发自动而生产的。
然而一个地区发展的产业，并不是只跟自然资源挂钩，也跟它的地理位置相关。
著名史学家许倬云在《万古江河》提到“道路系统塑造经济纽带”，来说明为什么秦汉之后，中国与欧洲的差别。秦汉同期建立的罗马帝国，从大一统走向分裂并形成今天的欧洲诸国。而中国一直处于一种寻求统一的状态，经济纽带的连接性远大于政权的更迭。从秦汉开始，中国的道路动脉就逐渐塑造了南北的经济形态。汉代开始兴起的经济扩散就是沿着大路，将经济从城市引入边区。这种模式在隋唐扩展到大运河，并且一直影响至今。而永年的道路网与经济网的连接，正是万古江河上一段新鲜的经济支流片段。
永年挨着107国道（京港公路），也跟京广铁路相邻。这条连接北京和广州两座大都市的交通路线，意外地延展了这个小城市的雄心。一开始当地人们利用邯郸作为钢铁大市现成的钢材，手工制造螺丝螺母。随着早期107国道的逐渐开通，永年的紧固件也开始外溢。它沿着107国道向北进入河北邢台继续北上，向南则进入河南的安阳。这是一条附着在交通大动脉上的民生脉搏。
与此同时，县政府也因势利导地建立了紧固件贸易市场，使得这里逐渐成为紧固件南北的集散地。永年就是“紧固件的义乌”，四处工厂的紧固件制品，开始向这里涌入。数字化转型网www.szhzxw.cn
二、反三角边长定律
永年能成为紧固件之都，最令人称奇的就是这条“茶马古道”。
很多反常识的事情也在发生。来自湖南冷水江市的一家紧固件巨头，上海天宝，它的销售有25%也是通过河北永年的贸易市场走出去。在冷水江市这样五六线城市的一个小五金市场，它卖的“天宝牌”散件螺丝，其实并不是从30公里外的天宝工厂直接拿货，而是来自永年。天宝在湖南工厂生产的螺丝，往往经过1200公里北上跑到河北，然后又从永年返回到冷水江市。即使跨越省份来回2000多公里，小商贩们依然比直接从本市拿货要便宜。这就是供应链的神奇之处。四处结网的供应链网络节点，可以轻松打败地理距离的优势。这让人想起“两条边之和大于第三条”的三角定律，在这里似乎已经失效。散件流通的购买成本，两条大长边之和，实际是可以小于小短边的。节点组织的集体力量，超越了个体的盘算。
这种反三角边长定律，验证了“茶马古道”的神奇。背后真正的逻辑，其实是永年人有十万销售大军在外经商。它们在全国各地设立五金店，成为永年市向外连接的神经末梢。这些庞大而繁茂的隐形触角，通过永年发达的零担物流，再次连接。在永年，有2万人马在从事物流行业。它将分布在全国10万隐形大军的订单，进行了周密的拼单处理，从而可以实现“点到点”的低价物流服务。与货拉拉、德邦等整车物流不同，永年的小件发货的“零担”业务异常发达。这里一个小件，往往都是10公斤、30公斤的金属件。如果走“四通一达”的快递，那就是一笔巨款，螺丝帽的利润根本无法承担。然而通过永年零担，几十斤重的一件货即使跨越上千公里也只有不到百元，而且往往隔天到达。数字化转型网www.szhzxw.cn
拥有一条便宜高效的小件物流网络，这是很多产业集群所无法企及的优势。日本有一家米思米公司，主要提供把手、圆柄、螺丝等工厂零部件，它最大的优势就是快。十万种产品，及时到达。这家极具冲击力的隐形冠军，核心就是分布式制造和快速交付。而这正是永年的优势所在：“单件流、隔日达、海量品种打天下”。网状门店，动脉物流的这种极致连接，支撑了河北永年成为工业大米的铁打营盘。
三、二次助跑，次生经济圈
永年这里有原材料，有生产基地，有内外贸易市场，有小件物流，这四者组成了一个完整的生态循环。多样性的生态，就会呈现出主动孕育的生命力，形成了新的产业生态。
全球快时尚的标杆企业ZARA处理女装业务的核心中枢，是跟西班牙最大的海鲜集团Caladero在一起，都位于西班牙內港城市。二者最大的连接点不仅仅是同处于一个大的物流基地，而是它们二者的业务会在南非汇合。在南非约翰内斯堡机场上，一架架起飞的巨型747货机，会同时装满从南非各个渔港送来的鲜鱼和南非作为全球第五大羊毛产地所供应的羊毛。Caladero的鱼是“重货”，体积小而重量大。而ZARA所需要的羊毛则是“轻泡货”，体积大而自重轻。鱼和羊毛构成完美的货运伴侣，让大飞机能够最大限度发挥价值。
这就是女装与海鲜的拼单故事，在永年这里完美重现。数字化转型网www.szhzxw.cn
永年县北部的邢台县清河镇，是中国羊绒的生产基地。这里不养羊，但却是全国最大的羊绒原料加工集散地。以羊绒外贸代工为主的清河小镇入驻各类企业600余家，90%以上从事电子商务。而一年电商销售额达到120亿元。轻捷的羊绒，也借助于永年“物流大动脉”通道，伸向了全国各地。而永年东北方向的平乡县，以盛产自行车而知名。这里年产自行车及童车超过1亿辆，占国内市场的50%。在国际市场也大到40%，集群营业收入约300亿元。自行车占地面积大，跟紧固件的小体积也形成了互补。这使得永年和平乡，形成了非常好的互补效应。反过来，更丰富的物品也使得“永年经济大动脉”越发粗壮。
一种涟漪不断的次生产业也在兴起。永年最早也生成砖瓦，由于环保原因已经不再生产，但传统的一批人员依然还在，工艺知识和销售知识依然固执地附着在当地人的身上。借助强大的物流设施，永年砖瓦再出发。但这次，生产地变成了山东淄博、石家庄高邑县、河南洛阳偃师等地。这些地方的砖瓦，在永年区重新集结，并走向全国。而永年本地人也没有闲着，传统的手艺人开始琢磨古建筑雕刻仿古砖瓦。于是永年人，再次集结形成施工队，在仿古建筑、彩绘雕塑上面形成新的产业形态。本地做古建雕刻的有1万多人，400个施工队伍，销售额也近20亿元。数字化转型网www.szhzxw.cn
行业的知识如同江水，四下蔓延开来，新的蓄水池也开始出现。永年是全国最大的紧固件市场，自然也是最大的设备需求方。以前这些设备，都是从外部采购。例如螺丝螺母的一道关键设备就是冷镦机，它将线材形成有丝有角的螺钉或者螺帽。现在，本地化机器也开始出现。从做紧固件起家的河北国智公司，现在开始研制冷镦机。
制造业天生具备在不同国家地区之间的迁徙特性，而且不同产业往往沿着同一条轨迹。跟自行车、电视机、液晶屏的迁徙路线一样，螺丝螺母的制造技术，也是从日本、韩国，转移到中国台湾地区，然后进入大陆。至今中国台湾高雄冈山，依然是全球最为重要的螺丝螺母的生产基地。设备之风，则随着台资企业的涌入也在浙沪吹起。春日螺栓冷镦机在上海，友信的螺母冷镦机在浙江嘉善都有生产基地。而宁波的思进则在2020年完成上市。这些企业都与浙江嘉兴海盐、河北永年这样的紧固件基地，保持紧密的供货关系。数字化转型网www.szhzxw.cn
永年的冷镦机最早其实是来自东北重工业区，黑龙江齐齐哈尔第二重机厂制造的冷镦机一统这里的江山。但这里的销售逐渐萎缩，即使齐二重机厂后来搬到秦皇岛，颓势依然没有改变。而江浙机床灵活多样的服务，占据了永年的冷镦机市场。
现在，迁移的火种继续燃烧。轮到本土机器觉醒了。国智冷镦机一起步，就要面临着环保低碳的挑战。冷镦机是金属与金属的碰撞。这个过程中都要产生大量的油烟和VOC，这也正是国智所攻克的绿色制造技术。
新的产业正在一圈一圈的涟漪中荡漾成长。二手机床交易市场开始兴旺，光伏支架如河北世盛公司也在这里快速崛起。一个产业地带只要足够多样化，就会有丰富的分层。通过产业集聚地的二次助跑，新产业迎风成长。数字化转型网www.szhzxw.cn
四、常有的痛
然而风雨洗刷江湖的紧迫也如期而至。这里在2017年经历了一次环保升级的冲击，一半以上小企业被删除。这也算是一次不错的升级。然而现在竞争越发激烈，这里的紧固件升级速度还是太慢。依然主要是中低端的螺丝螺母，只有兆运、大和等公司能够生产电力紧固件、钻尾螺丝等高端一点的产品，但规模都不能说大。在永年，没有一家产值超过10亿的公司。这是这个地区产业发展抹不掉的心中之痛。到处都是几千万的苹果俱乐部，缺乏大西瓜的个头，是永年急需要寻找突破的硬伤。如果没有大企业，永年的品牌效应很难树立起来，龙头拉动效应也就失效。永年有将近3万家企业，一半是生产企业。而规上企业则只有200多家。任由小企业各自为政，整个市场就会陷入低水准的惨烈对杀。
固守岗位，百折不挠的“螺丝钉精神”在中国广为知晓，但中国螺丝钉本身的制造，却并没有做成“螺丝钉精神”那么好。中国是紧固件生产大国，但大量高端螺丝钉依然是外资企业在保持。与大家认知相反的是，美国也是螺丝钉的制造强国。美国紧固件企业Arconic，为航空及汽车行业的紧固系统服务。飞机制造都离不开它。而它的年收入超过140亿美元，美国这种企业并不少。2021年日本进口的螺丝钉金额，排在第三位的就是美国。数字化转型网www.szhzxw.cn
紧固件要向未来发展，积聚效应是必须的。德国紧固与装配材料的龙头企业伍尔特集团，2022年销售收入达到200亿欧元，拥有8万多名员工。这家企业主在2022年全球福布斯富豪榜排名在前90名之内。紧固件，也可以创造惊人的财富。而以小螺钉出身的瑞典布尔顿，在汽车和电子行业独占鳌头，收入也达到20亿人民币以上。在天津，也有独立的工厂。这些企业呈现灵活性，完全不像螺钉那么默默无闻。布尔顿通过收购来扩大体量。2017年收购了Thunderbolts，2020年则收购瑞典塑料紧固件英莳进入非汽车行业。
螺丝钉也有大江湖。做大做出规模效应，也正是永年紧固件需要趟出去的路。
还有一个棘手的拦路虎，就是热处理工艺。虽然这里有300多家电镀企业，但实际上热处理、电镀锌仍然只能满足大路货，而难以向高端进取。永年大和，正是靠着独家的电镀优势，能够在钻尾螺丝市场独占40%以上的市场。然而让人印象深刻的是，在这样一个高度依赖电镀水平的紧固件（五金件也是如此），永年的高水平电镀行业并没有如期发展起来。这是一个基础产业不配套主业的巨大遗憾。
很多人认为电镀是高污染高耗能的产业，恨不得从自己的城市抹掉，却忽略了电镀对于很多金属相关产业的关键作用。电镀就是金属件上的“防护衣”，很多产业完全无法离开。上海今年2月份终于恢复了“电镀产业”应用的产业地位，重新鼓励发展电镀产业。而十年前，这个产业几乎被连根拔起。上海的示范效应，使得长三角都开始跟进。这使得中国基础产业，在环保大旗之下，整整走了十年弯道。人们需要思考的是，“腾笼换鸟”是不是工业化盲区。对传统产业用环保、用低端、用耗能来一刀切的归类设卡，是否真的合理？现在连上海都在重新捡回电镀、铸造、压铸和热处理四大基础产业，其他小城市的产业规划可能更需要深度思考。可惜的是，那些断续的技术烟火，不知道多久才能重新点亮光芒。
五、小记：产业高地的再生逻辑
永年能够成为最大的紧固件基地，成长逻辑容易看的清楚，有原料的优势、交通的通达、低成本生产，还有大贸易市场和神经末梢的销售端。永年庞大的销售和物流体系，借助于中国制造的升起，自如地嵌入到价值链之中。数字化转型网www.szhzxw.cn
但永年紧固件在高端产业却几乎是空白，除了少数特高压电力塔之外，并没有打入汽车、铁路、消费电子、航空航天等附加值更高的领域。不像浙江嘉兴，有许多面向核电的紧固件产业。永年人均产值在10万元，而德国伍尔特、瑞典布尔顿的产值达到了人均200万元。惊心动魄的人均产值瀑布差，给人一股巨大的冲击力。河北永年需要回答，它如何提高效能，能够再次成功将自己像螺丝钉一样拧进正在转向中高端价值链的中国制造？
永年不是孤独的答题人，中国大部分传统产业集群，都在面临着一个修复和再生的关键时刻。时钟的滴答声，此刻震耳欲聋。产业集群往往是小城市能留住技术人才、留住年轻人的最后一块丛林。永年有近40万人口从事紧固件行业，是一块显著的产业高地。这为本地带来丰足的就业，夯实了永年县的经济基础。即使在今年不景气的情况下，这里的工业大米依然保持了税收的增长。这不由得让人感慨，貌不出众的传统产业，正是民生产业的坚固堡垒。虽然一直受到“产业突击升级”的惊吓，但却牢牢地守护了中国制造的基本盘。数字化转型网www.szhzxw.cn
永年紧固件的演化进程，是一部庞杂鲜活的野史经济教科书，也是一门浓缩的道路网和经济网交织成民生护栏的历史。就“保链护土”而言，守护地方民生，这里岁月不惊。
翻译：
Fastener capital Yongnian evolution process: Handan screw how to tighten half of the river
First, screws and nuts are rice
Industry is inseparable from fasteners. A large airplane has more than three million rivets; A wind turbine weighing hundreds of tons and 100 meters high needs to use nearly 20,000 “screws”. Represented by screws and nuts, dense and ubiquitous fasteners are known as “industrial rice”. Yongnian County, a small city under Handan in southern Hebei, supplies nearly 60 percent of the country’s fasteners.
The output value of fasteners here has reached 40 billion yuan. For the county economy, this is not a small volume. As a populous county, Yongnian’s population of 1 million is enough to rank first in Hebei county population. But land is scarce and natural endowments are not good. However, there is not enough land to grow food, but an abundance of fasteners is produced. The raw material of fasteners is mainly steel, and Yongnian needs to consume more than 5 million tons of steel every year. That’s thanks to Hebei’s steel. Handan, like Tangshan, is a big producer of steel. The industry developed here, based on steel, is directly connected to industrial raw materials. Like other industrial clusters, it also produces spontaneously.数字化转型网www.szhzxw.cn
However, the development of industries in a region is not only linked to natural resources, but also to its geographical location.
The famous historian Xu Zhuoyun mentioned in the book “The Ancient Rivers” that “the road system shaped economic ties” to explain why China and Europe were different after the Qin and Han dynasties. The Roman Empire, which was established in the same period of Qin and Han dynasties, went from unity to division and formed today’s European states. And China has been in a state of seeking unity, where economic ties are far more connected than regime change.
Since the Qin and Han Dynasties, China’s road arteries have gradually shaped the economic form of the north and the south. The economic diffusion that began to rise in the Han Dynasty was to introduce the economy from the cities to the border areas along the main roads. This model was extended to the Grand Canal in the Sui and Tang Dynasties, and has been influential ever since. The connection between Yongnian’s road network and economic network is a fresh segment of economic tributaries on the Wangujiang River. 数字化转型网www.szhzxw.cn
Yongnian is adjacent to the 107 National Highway (Beijing-Hong Kong Highway) and also adjacent to the Beijing-Guangzhou Railway.
The link between the two megacities of Beijing and Guangzhou is an unexpected extension of the small city’s ambitions. In the beginning, the local people used Handan as a steel city ready-made steel, hand-made screws and nuts. With the gradual opening of the early 107 National Highway, Yongnian fasteners also began to spill. It continues north along National Highway 107 into Xingtai, Hebei Province, and south into Anyang, Henan Province. This is the pulse of people’s livelihood attached to the major arteries of traffic.
At the same time, the county government has also established a fastener trade market according to the trend, making it gradually become a north-south distribution center for fasteners. Yongnian is the “fastener Yiwu”, fastener products from four factories began to pour in here.
Second, the inverse triangle side length law
Yongnian can become the fastener capital, the most amazing is this “tea horse road”.
A lot of counterintuitive things are happening. Shanghai Tianbao, a fastener giant from Hunan’s Lengshuijiang City, also sells 25% of its products through the Yongnian trade market in Hebei province. In Lengshuijiang City, a hardware market in five or six tier cities, it sells “Tianbao brand” loose screws, in fact, not directly from the Tianbao factory 30 kilometers away, but from Yongnian. The screws produced by Trimble’s Hunan factory often travel 1,200 kilometers north to Hebei, and then return from Yongnian to Lengshuijiang City. 数字化转型网www.szhzxw.cn
Even if they travel more than 2,000 kilometers across the provinces, small traders are still cheaper than picking up goods directly from the city. That’s the magic of supply chains. A supply chain network of nodes, networked around, can easily defeat the advantages of geographical distance. This is reminiscent of the trigonometric law that “the sum of two sides is greater than the third”, which seems to have broken down here. The purchase cost of the circulation of spare parts, the sum of the two large and long sides, can actually be less than the small and short sides. The collective power of node organization transcends individual calculations.
This anti-triangle side length law verifies the magic of the “Tea Horse Road”. Behind the real logic, in fact, Yongnian people have a hundred thousand sales army outside business.
They set up hardware stores across the country and became the nerve endings connecting the city of Yongnian outwards. These large and lush invisible tentacles, through the Yongnian developed less-than-carload logistics, again connected. In Yongnian, 20,000 people work in the logistics industry. It will be distributed in the country’s 100,000 invisible army of orders, detailed order processing, so that you can achieve “point to point” low-cost logistics services. Unlike cargo Lala, Deppon and other vehicle logistics, Yongnian’s small parts delivery of “less than truckload” business is unusually developed.
Here is a small piece, often 10 kg, 30 kg metal parts. If you go “four to one” express, it is a huge amount of money, the profit of the screw cap can not be borne. However, through the Yongnian less than half load, a piece of goods weighing dozens of pounds even if it crosses thousands of kilometers is only less than 100 yuan, and often arrives the next day.
It has a cheap and efficient small parts logistics network, which is an advantage that many industrial clusters cannot achieve. There is a Japanese Mismi company, mainly provides handles, round handles, screws and other factory parts, its biggest advantage is fast. 100,000 products, arriving in time. Distributed manufacturing and fast delivery are at the heart of this impact-stealthing champion. And this is the advantage of Yongnian: “single piece flow, the next day, a large number of varieties in the world.” Network stores, the ultimate connection of arterial logistics, supported Hebei Yongnian to become an industrial rice. 数字化转型网www.szhzxw.cn
Three, two run-up, secondary economic circle
Yongnian here there are raw materials, production bases, internal and external trade markets, small logistics, these four constitute a complete ecological cycle. The diverse ecology will show the vitality of active breeding and form a new industrial ecology.
ZARA, the global fast fashion benchmark, deals with the core center of women’s clothing business, which is together with Caladero, the largest seafood group in Spain, located in the inner port city of Spain. The biggest connection between the two is not just that they share a big logistics base, but that their operations will converge in South Africa. At Johannesburg Airport in South Africa, a giant 747 cargo plane takes off, will be filled with fresh fish from various South African fishing ports and South Africa as the world’s fifth largest wool producer supplied wool. Caladero’s fish are “heavy cargo”, small in size and heavy in weight. The wool that ZARA needs is “light bubble goods”, which is large and light in weight. Fish and wool make the perfect cargo partner to maximize the value of a large aircraft.
This is the story of women’s dress and seafood, perfectly reproduced here in Yongnian.
Qinghe Town in Xingtai County, north of Yongnian County, is the production base of cashmere in China. It does not raise sheep, but it is the country’s largest processing and distribution center for cashmere raw materials. More than 600 enterprises of all kinds have settled in Qinghe Town, which mainly focuses on cashmere foreign trade foundry, and more than 90% are engaged in e-commerce. E-commerce sales reached 12 billion yuan a year. Light cashmere, also with the help of Yongnian “logistics artery” channel, extended to all parts of the country.
Pingxiang County, northeast of Yongnian, is famous for its bicycles. It produces more than 100 million bicycles and strollers annually, accounting for 50% of the domestic market. In the international market is also large to 40%, the cluster operating income of about 30 billion yuan. The bicycle covers a large area, and the small size of the fastener is also complementary. This makes Yongnian and Pingxiang, formed a very good complementary effect. In turn, more abundant goods have also made the “eternal economic artery” more robust.数字化转型网www.szhzxw.cn
A rippling secondary industry is also emerging. Yongnian was the first to produce bricks and tiles,
A rippling secondary industry is also emerging. Yongnian was the first to produce bricks and tiles, which are no longer produced due to environmental reasons, but the traditional group of personnel is still in place, and the process knowledge and sales knowledge are still stubbornly attached to the local people. With the help of strong logistics facilities, Yongnian brick and tile start again. But this time, the production has become Zibo in Shandong province, Gaoyi County in Shijiazhuang, Henan Luoyang Yanshi and other places.
The bricks and tiles of these places regrouped in Yongnian District and went to the whole country. And Yongnian locals are not idle, traditional craftsmen began to ponder ancient architecture carving antique brick. So Yongnian people, once again gathered to form a construction team, in the imitation of ancient buildings, painted sculpture above the formation of a new industrial form. There are more than 10,000 local ancient building carvings, 400 construction teams, and sales of nearly 2 billion yuan.
Knowledge of the industry spreads like a river, and new reservoirs begin to appear.
Yongnian is the country’s largest fastener market, naturally is also the largest equipment demand side. In the past, all this equipment was purchased from outside. For example, a key piece of equipment for screws and nuts is the cold header, which forms wire into filaments and angular screws or nuts. Now, localization machines are starting to appear. Hebei Guozhi Company, which started from making fasteners, is now developing cold heading machines.数字化转型网www.szhzxw.cn
Manufacturing is inherently migratory between countries and regions, and different industries tend to follow the same trajectory. Like the migration route of bicycles, televisions and LCD screens, the manufacturing technology of screws and nuts is also transferred from Japan and South Korea to Taiwan, China, and then into the mainland. Up to now, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, China, is still the world’s most important screw and nut production base. The wind of equipment is also blowing in Zhejiang and Shanghai with the influx of Taiwan-funded enterprises. Chunri bolt cold heading machine in Shanghai, Youxin nut cold heading machine in Zhejiang Jiashan have a production base. Ningbo’s Sijin will be listed in 2020. These enterprises have maintained a close supply relationship with such fastener bases as Haiyan in Jiaxing, Zhejiang and Yongnian in Hebei.
Yongnian’s cold heading machine originally came from the Northeast heavy industrial zone, and the cold heading machine made by the second heavy machine factory in Qiqihar, Heilongjiang Province unified the Jiangshan here.
But sales here have dwindled, and even after the Qi Erzhong factory moved to Qinhuangdao, the decline has not changed. The flexible and diverse services of Jiangzhe machine tools occupy the Yongnian cold header market. 数字化转型网www.szhzxw.cn
For now, the flame of migration continues to burn. It’s the native machine’s turn to wake up. At the beginning of the cold header, we must face the challenge of environmental protection and low carbon. The cold header is the collision of metal with metal. In this process, a large number of oil fumes and VOC are generated, which is also the green manufacturing technology conquered by Guozhi.
New industries are growing in a circle of ripples. The second-hand machine tool trading market has begun to flourish, and photovoltaic supports such as Hebei Shisheng Company are also rising rapidly here. As long as an industrial zone is diversified enough, there will be rich stratification. Through the second run-up of industrial agglomeration, the new industry grows in the wind.
Fourth, Frequent pain
However, the urgency of the storm washed away the lake also came as expected. It experienced an environmental protection upgrade in 2017, with more than half of small businesses deleted. It’s a nice upgrade. However, now the competition is more and more fierce, the fastener upgrade speed here is still too slow. Still mainly low-end screws and nuts, only mega Yun, Daiwa and other companies can produce power fasteners, drilling screws and other high-end products, but the scale can not be said to be large. In Yongnian, there is no company with an output value of more than 1 billion. This is an indelible pain in the heart of the region’s industrial development.
There are tens of millions of apple clubs everywhere, and the lack of a big watermelon is the hard injury that Yongnian urgently needs to find a breakthrough. If there is no large enterprise, the brand effect of Yongnian is difficult to establish, and the leading pull effect will be ineffective. There are nearly 30,000 enterprises in Yongnian, half of which are manufacturing enterprises. There are only more than 200 companies on the regulation. If small businesses are left to their own devices, the entire market will fall into a low-level fierce confrontation.数字化转型网www.szhzxw.cn
The “spirit of the screw” that adheres to the post and indomitable is widely known in China, but the manufacturing of the screw itself in China is not so good as the “spirit of the screw”.
China is a big producer of fasteners, but a large number of high-end screws are still maintained by foreign-funded enterprises. Contrary to popular belief, the United States is also a screw manufacturing power. Arconic, an American fastener company, provides fastening systems for the aerospace and automotive industries. Airplanes are built on it. With annual revenues of more than $14 billion, there are not many such companies in the United States. In 2021, the amount of screws imported by Japan is the third place in the United States.
If fasteners want to develop into the future, the accumulation effect is necessary. The Wurth Group, Germany’s leading company in fastening and assembly materials, has sales revenue of 20 billion euros in 2022 and more than 80,000 employees. The business owner is ranked in the top 90 of the world’s Forbes Rich list in 2022. Fasteners can also create amazing wealth. The Swedish Bourdon, which was born with small screws, dominates the automotive and electronics industries, with revenues of more than 2 billion yuan. In Tianjin, there are also independent factories. These companies show flexibility, not as obscure as screws. Bourdon has expanded through acquisitions. In 2017, it acquired Thunderbolts and in 2020, it acquired Swedish plastic fastener PSM to enter the non-automotive sector.
Screws also have big rivers and lakes. To make the scale effect, it is also the way that Yongnian fasteners need to go out.
Another stumbling block is the heat treatment process. Although there are more than 300 electroplating enterprises here, in fact, heat treatment and electric galvanizing can still only meet the main road goods, and it is difficult to forge ahead to the high-end. Yongnian Daiwa, is relying on the exclusive advantages of electroplating, can monopolize more than 40% of the market in the drilling screw market. However, it is impressive that in such a highly dependent on the plating level of fasteners (hardware is also the same), Yongnian’s high-level plating industry has not developed as scheduled. This is a huge regret that the basic industry does not match the main industry.
Many people think that electroplating is a high-pollution and energy-consuming industry, and they are eager to erase it from their own cities, but they ignore the key role of electroplating for many metal-related industries.
Electroplating is the “protective clothing” on metal parts, and many industries are completely unable to leave. In February this year, Shanghai finally restored the industrial status of the application of the “electroplating industry” and re-encouraged the development of the electroplating industry. Ten years ago, the industry was almost uprooted. Shanghai’s demonstration effect, so that the Yangtze River Delta began to follow. 数字化转型网www.szhzxw.cn
This has made China’s basic industries, under the banner of environmental protection, take a curve for a whole decade. What people need to think about is whether “moving the cage to change the bird” is a blind area of industrialization. Is it really reasonable to categorize traditional industries with environmental protection, low-end and energy consumption across the board? Now even Shanghai is picking up the four basic industries of electroplating, casting, die casting and heat treatment, and the industrial planning of other small cities may need more deep thinking. Unfortunately, those intermittent technical fireworks, do not know how long to re-light the light.
Fifth, a brief note: the regeneration logic of industrial highland
Yongnian can become the largest fastener base, the growth logic is easy to see clearly, there are raw material advantages, transportation accessibility, low-cost production, as well as a large trade market and the sales end of nerve endings. Yongnian’s huge sales and logistics system, with the rise of made in China, freely embedded in the value chain.
However, Yongyan fasteners are almost blank in the high-end industry, in addition to a few UHV power towers, and did not enter the automotive, railway, consumer electronics, aerospace and other higher value-added fields. Unlike Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province, there are many fastener industries for nuclear power. The annual per capita output value is 100,000 yuan, while the output value of Wurth, Germany, and Bourdon, Sweden, has reached 2 million yuan per capita. The breathtaking per capita output waterfall is poor, giving people a huge impact. Hebei Yongnian needs to answer, how can it improve efficiency, can once again successfully screw itself like a screw into the Chinese manufacturing is shifting to the high-end value chain? 数字化转型网www.szhzxw.cn
Yongnian is not a lonely answer, most of China’s traditional industrial clusters, are facing a critical moment of restoration and regeneration.
The ticking of the clock was deafening at the moment. Industrial clusters are often the last jungle for small cities to retain skilled people and young people. Yongnian has a population of nearly 400,000 engaged in the fastener industry, which is a significant industrial highland. This has brought plenty of local employment and consolidated the economic foundation of Yongnian County. Even in this year’s slump, industrial rice here has kept up its tax revenue. This can not help but make people feel that the traditional industry that is not outstanding is the solid fortress of the livelihood industry. Although it has been frightened by the “industrial assault upgrade”, it has firmly guarded the basic plate of Chinese manufacturing. 数字化转型网www.szhzxw.cn
The evolution process of Yongnian fasteners is a complex and fresh wild history economic textbook, and it is also a history of a concentrated road network and economic network interwoven into people’s livelihood guardrail. As far as “safeguarding the chain and protecting the soil” is concerned, protecting the local people’s livelihood, the years here are not surprising.
本文由数字化转型网（www.szhzxw.cn）转载而成，来源于知识自动化；作者：林雪萍；编辑/翻译：数字化转型网小汤圆。
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