我们真的理解了数字经济吗？数字化转型的正确路径找到了吗？这些问题的回答好像都是YES，但是怎么才是YES，这是一个十分复杂的问题。
12月7日，工业和信息化部原副部长、北京大学兼职教授杨学山在2023中国数字化年会发表了题为《数实融合助力实体经济高质量发展》的主题演讲，以下为演讲内容精编。
我们真的理解了什么是数字经济和数字化转型吗？我们可以想一想信通院的数字产业化和产业数字化，以及国家统计局在2021年4月发布的数字经济统计指标体系的本质是什么？它的本质是部门经济。
数字化转型失败的企业占70~80%，在很多领域成功的不到10%。某金融咨询机构的调查结论是，做数字化转型的企业中没有得到任何商业价值的比例占73%。所以，我们对数字经济、数字化转型和智能时代还知之甚浅，但是走向智能时代，经济形态走向数字经济，每一个企业朝向未来都要做数字化转型是确定无疑的，只是说怎么走才能真正走到我们想要达到的目的地。 数字化转型网（www.szhzxw.cn）
2023年5月5日，二十届中央财经委员会第一次会议明确指出，要建设以实体经济为支撑的现代化产业体系，推进产业智能化、绿色化、融合化，坚持以实体经济为重，坚决防止脱实向虚。
我国经济发展遇到了很多新变量，一系列新的信息技术大家都耳熟能详，很多企业都在思考通过新信息技术能够带来什么样的好处。那么新变量、新路径究竟是什么呢？是把数字当做一种新的要素、新的资源，把数字技术当做一种新的工具，推进一二三产业的发展，并解决企业面临的各种问题。
数实融合是数字经济的基本特征，并且存在主从关系，“实”是主，“数字和数字工具”是从，所以产业数字化一定是数实融合的，离开了“实”，数字和数字工具没有任何意义。今天数字化转型成功率只有20%~30%，在很多领域也只有10%而已，如何才能成为成功的20%~30%，而不是失败的70%~80%，一定是数实融合的，数字和数字工具为你的问题服务，所以不管一二三产业，离开“实”，数字和数字技术没有任何意义。
数字产业化同样是数实融合的。在数字经济核心产业的主营业务收入中，互联网行业占5%，数字经济的核心产业主体是电子信息设备制造业、软件和信息技术服务业、通信业、互联网产业。其中，互联网产业和通信业的比重差不多，而电子信息设备制造业、软件和信息技术服务业遥遥领先。所以，数字产业化一定要数实融合。 数字化转型网（www.szhzxw.cn）
实体经济的发展可以没有数字，但是数字经济、数字产业的发展，没有实体经济的支撑是一定不行的。所以不管是产业数字化还是数字产业化，数实融合一定要看全局、找重点。比如，制造业在不同环节中都要用到数字，使流程能够进展的更顺利、效率更高、质量更好。这是一个典型的例子，一个离散制造的抽象车间，它的每一个过程都需要数字，不管是生产计划，还是物流配送计划，数字都是因为生产过程和物流配送而产生的，不管是设备故障的诊断，还是产品质量的检测，数字和数字技术是为了发现故障、解决故障，是为了保证生产的产品质量是合格的，所以数字来自这个过程，用于这个过程。
所以，数字技术和“实”紧密相连，今天各行各业都可以用数字和数字技术来提高生产效率，提高质量，增加效益，降低成本。但是数实怎么融合？一定要问题导向、价值落地。企业要做的事情，不是抽象的数字化要做的事情，而是企业在生产、管理、供应链、服务、销售这些环节要解决什么问题，然后用什么样的数字技术来解决，而不是拿着数字技术去找我要干什么。就像数据中台虽然好，但是不是所有的企业都会用到数据中台，所以，好工具不是万能工具，越好的工具也许它的适用面越低。
什么是价值落地？一定要算清楚投入产出，不是说做这件事情有效益、有价值就要做，而是要产出大于投入，而且大于的部分还不能少于企业的平均利润率。所以，怎么成为幸运的少数，不成为失败的多数，一定要有所为，有所不为，做自己要做的和能做的。 数字化转型网（www.szhzxw.cn）
翻译：
Yang Xueshan: The integration of data and real economy helps the high-quality development of the real economy
Do we really understand the digital economy? Has the right path to digital transformation been found? The answer to these questions seems to be YES, but how to be YES is a very complicated question.
On December 7, Yang Xueshan, former Vice Minister of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and adjunct professor of Peking University, delivered a keynote speech at the 2023 China Digital Annual Conference entitled “Integration of data and Reality to help the high-quality development of the Real Economy”. The following is an edited version of the speech.
Do we really understand what the digital economy and digital transformation are? We can think about the digital industrialization and industrial digitalization of the ICT Institute, and what is the nature of the digital economy statistical indicator system released by the National Bureau of Statistics in April 2021? Its essence is sectoral economy. 数字化转型网（www.szhzxw.cn）
Between 70 and 80 percent of companies fail in digital transformation, and less than 10 percent succeed in many areas. A survey by a financial advisory firm concluded that 73 percent of companies doing digital transformation did not achieve any business value. Therefore, we still know very little about the digital economy, digital transformation and intelligent era, but to the intelligent era, the economic form to the digital economy, every enterprise towards the future must do digital transformation is certain, just say how to go in order to really go to the destination we want to achieve.
On May 5, 2023, the first meeting of the 20th Central Financial and Economic Commission clearly pointed out that it is necessary to build a modern industrial system supported by the real economy, promote industrial intelligence, green, and integration, adhere to the real economy, and resolutely prevent the real economy from becoming virtual. 数字化转型网（www.szhzxw.cn）
China’s economic development has encountered many new variables, and a series of new information technologies are familiar to everyone, and many enterprises are thinking about what benefits can be brought by new information technologies. So what is the new variable, the new path? It is to regard digital as a new element, a new resource, and digital technology as a new tool to promote the development of the first, second and third industries and solve various problems faced by enterprises.
The integration of number and reality is the basic feature of the digital economy, and there is a master-slave relationship, “reality” is the master, “numbers and digital tools” are from, so industrial digitalization must be the integration of numbers and reality, without “reality”, numbers and digital tools have no meaning. Today, the success rate of digital transformation is only 20% to 30%, in many areas is only 10%, how to become a successful 20% to 30%, rather than 70% to 80% of the failure, must be the integration of numbers and digital tools for your problem, so regardless of the one, two and three industries, leaving the “real”, digital and digital technology has no meaning.
Digital industrialization is also the integration of data and reality. In the main business income of the core industries of the digital economy, the Internet industry accounts for 5%, and the core industries of the digital economy are electronic information equipment manufacturing, software and information technology service industry, communication industry and Internet industry. Among them, the proportion of the Internet industry and the communication industry is about the same, while the electronic information equipment manufacturing, software and information technology services are far ahead. Therefore, digital industrialization must be real integration.
The development of the real economy can be without numbers, but the development of the digital economy and the digital industry cannot be achieved without the support of the real economy. Therefore, whether it is industrial digitalization or digital industrialization, the integration of data and reality must look at the overall situation and find the focus. Manufacturing, for example, uses numbers in different parts of the process to make it smoother, more efficient, and of better quality. This is a typical example, an abstract workshop of discrete manufacturing, every process of which needs numbers, whether it is production planning, or logistics distribution planning, numbers are generated because of the production process and logistics distribution, whether it is the diagnosis of equipment failure, or the detection of product quality, numbers and digital technology are to find faults and solve faults. It is to ensure that the quality of the products produced is qualified, so the numbers come from this process and are used in this process. 数字化转型网（www.szhzxw.cn）
Therefore, digital technology and “real” are closely linked, and today all walks of life can use digital and digital technology to improve production efficiency, improve quality, increase efficiency and reduce costs. But how do numbers merge? Must be problem-oriented, value landing. What enterprises need to do is not an abstract digital thing to do, but what problems enterprises need to solve in production, management, supply chain, service and sales, and then what kind of digital technology to solve them, rather than taking digital technology to find what I want to do. Just like the data center is good, but not all companies will use the data center, so a good tool is not a universal tool, the better the tool may be the lower its application. 数字化转型网（www.szhzxw.cn）
What is value landing? It is necessary to calculate the input and output clearly, not to say that doing this thing is beneficial and valuable, but to produce more than input, and the greater part can not be less than the average profit rate of the enterprise. Therefore, how to become the lucky minority, not to become the failed majority, we must do something, do something, do what we want to do and can do.
本文由数字化转型网（www.szhzxw.cn）转载而成，来源于首席数字官；编辑/翻译：数字化转型网宁檬树。
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