近日，国家数据局等17部门联合印发《“数据要素×”三年行动计划（2024—2026年）》（以下简称“行动计划”），以推动数据要素高水平应用为主线，以推进数据要素协同优化、复用增效、融合创新作用发挥为重点，强化场景需求牵引，带动数据要素高质量供给、合规高效流通，培育新产业、新模式、新动能。发挥数据要素乘数效应，将为推动高质量发展、推动中国式现代化提供有力支撑。
数字时代，现实世界很多层面都可以用数据形态来表达，生产过程具有了传统形态和数据形态双重产出。数据要素最突出的特点是可低成本多场景复用，即数据要素使用具有非排他性。一组数据可以被不同主体以不同方式重复利用，并且能够通过解构重组、汇聚融合等方式被多层次多元化挖掘出更多价值，实现知识扩散、业务拉通、市场拓展和价值倍增，提升全要素生产率。因此说，推动数据要素高水平应用，能带来产出和效益倍增效应。 数字化转型网（www.szhzxw.cn）
中国作为互联网应用大国，每日都在产生各类海量数据。建设数据要素市场、发挥数据要素乘数效应具有显著优势。从消费类数据看，中国移动互联网月活跃用户数接近12亿人，人均上网时长达6.9小时，每天消费者在线总时长达80亿小时，源源不断产生与个人行为相关的海量数据。从生产类数据看，中国制造业增加值占全球比重在2021年已接近30%，企业内部数字化转型和产业互联网连接水平居全球中上水平，持续生成与生产行为相关的海量数据。此外，中国智慧城市建设如火如荼，中国5G基站数量位居全球第一，算力总规模居全球前列，数据收集汇聚传输便利高效。当前，我国数字经济快速发展、数字基础设施规模和能级不断跃升，为更好发挥数据要素作用奠定了坚实基础。
数据要素市场是一种新类型的要素市场，需要在实践中推动创新，不断建立健全相关市场制度。行动计划聚焦工业制造、现代农业、商贸流通、交通运输、金融服务、科技创新、文化旅游、医疗健康、应急管理、气象服务、城市治理、绿色低碳等12个行业和领域，并明确多个典型应用场景，均表现为数据资源丰富且结构性较好、应用需求广泛、交互链条多层次，具有较好的应用基础和广阔的发展空间。聚焦这些重点行业和领域，努力探索打通全域全链全生态的数据交易和交互，丰富数据要素价值释放路径，创新要素配置方式，提高全要素生产率，将带来经济量的扩张和质的提升。
提升数据供给是发挥数据要素乘数效应的重要保障，其中公共数据有效释放价值是重要源泉。公共数据量大且质量好，其开放对数据要素市场发展意义重大。行动计划重点强调了科技数据、医疗健康数据、应急管理数据、气象数据、城市运行数据等领域公共数据的开放。具体来说，各类科学技术数据互联互通能够激活更多数据驱动型的科创活动；健康医疗数据能在精准医疗、新药开放、公共卫生事件预警和管理等方面发挥重要作用；应急管理数据汇聚使用将有效提升安全生产监管能力、自然灾害智能监测能力和救援处置协同联动效率；气象数据的有效利用也将助力降低极端天气事件影响，在服务金融行业以及与气候气象关联度高的产业发展方面也有不小的空间；城市运行数据则在提升城市管理水平等方面具有不容低估的价值。实现公共数据的有效应用，开放共享和开发利用相结合是可取方式。
此外，行动计划还提到，促进数据有序跨境流动，对标高标准经贸规则，持续优化数据跨境流动监管措施，支持自由贸易试验区开展探索。从现实角度看，数字时代全球业务运行必然要求数据实时跨境流动，数字经济也是我国要着力打造的竞争新优势。因此，让数据要素“乘”出新动能，需坚持开放融合、安全有序的原则，推动数据经济领域高水平对外开放，加强国际交流互鉴，促进数据有序跨境流动，同时严守数据安全底线，将安全贯穿数据要素价值创造和实现全过程。 数字化转型网（www.szhzxw.cn）
行动计划明确提出，“到2026年底，数据要素应用广度和深度大幅拓展，在经济发展领域数据要素乘数效应得到显现，打造300个以上示范性强、显示度高、带动性广的典型应用场景”“数据产业年均增速超过20%”。眼下，“时间表”和“路线图”已明晰，当着力解决数据供给质量不高、流通机制不畅、应用潜力释放不够等问题，发挥好数据要素乘数效应，更好赋能我国经济社会发展。
翻译：
We will promote the high-level application of data elements to bring about the multiplier effect of the digital economy
Recently, the National Bureau of Data and other 17 departments jointly issued the “Data elements ×” three-year Action Plan (2024-2026) “(hereinafter referred to as the” action Plan “), to promote the high-level application of data elements as the main line, to promote the collaborative optimization of data elements, reuse efficiency, integration and innovation as the focus, strengthen the traction of scene demand. We will promote the high-quality supply of data elements, comply with regulations and circulate them efficiently, and foster new industries, new models, and new drivers of growth. Giving full play to the multiplier effect of data factors will provide strong support for promoting high-quality development and promoting Chinese-style modernization. 数字化转型网（www.szhzxw.cn）
In the digital age, many aspects of the real world can be expressed by data form, and the production process has the dual output of traditional form and data form. The most prominent feature of data elements is that they can be reused in multiple scenarios at low cost, that is, the use of data elements is non-exclusive. A set of data can be reused by different subjects in different ways, and more value can be excavated by multiple levels and diversification through deconstruction, reorganization, convergence and integration, so as to realize knowledge diffusion, business connection, market expansion and value multiplication, and improve total factor productivity. Therefore, promoting the high-level application of data elements can bring output and benefit multiplier effects.
China, as a big country in Internet application, generates all kinds of massive data every day. There are significant advantages in building data factor market and exerting data factor multiplier effect. From the perspective of consumer data, the monthly active users of China’s mobile Internet are close to 1.2 billion, and the average online time is up to 6.9 hours, and the total online time of consumers is up to 8 billion hours every day, which continuously generates massive data related to personal behavior. From the perspective of production data, China’s manufacturing value added accounted for nearly 30% of the global share in 2021, the level of internal digital transformation and industrial Internet connectivity ranks above the global level, and continues to generate massive data related to production behavior. In addition, China’s smart city construction is in full swing, the number of 5G base stations in China ranks first in the world, the total scale of computing power ranks first in the world, and data collection, aggregation and transmission are convenient and efficient. At present, the rapid development of China’s digital economy and the continuous improvement of the scale and level of digital infrastructure have laid a solid foundation for better playing the role of data elements.
Data factor market is a new type of factor market, which needs to promote innovation in practice and constantly establish and improve the relevant market system. The action plan focuses on 12 industries and fields, including industrial manufacturing, modern agriculture, commercial circulation, transportation, financial services, scientific and technological innovation, cultural tourism, medical health, emergency management, meteorological services, urban governance, green and low-carbon, and defines a number of typical application scenarios, all of which are manifested as rich data resources with good structure, wide application demand, and multi-level interaction chain. It has good application foundation and broad development space. Focusing on these key industries and areas, striving to explore and open up the data transaction and interaction of the whole domain, the whole chain and the whole ecology, enriching the path of data factor value release, innovating the mode of factor allocation, and improving the total factor productivity will bring about the expansion of economic volume and quality improvement.
Improving data supply is an important guarantee to give play to the multiplier effect of data elements, and the effective release of value from public data is an important source. Public data is large in quantity and good in quality, and its opening is of great significance to the development of data element market. The action plan emphasizes the opening of public data in scientific and technological data, medical and health data, emergency management data, meteorological data, urban operation data and other fields. Specifically, the connectivity of various types of scientific and technological data can activate more data-driven science and innovation activities; Health and medical data can play an important role in precision medicine, opening new drugs, early warning and management of public health events, etc. The use of emergency management data will effectively improve production safety supervision capabilities, natural disaster intelligent monitoring capabilities and rescue and disposal synergistic efficiency; The effective use of meteorological data will also help reduce the impact of extreme weather events, and there is no small room for serving the financial industry and the development of industries that are highly related to climate and meteorology. Urban operation data is of great value in improving the level of urban management. To realize the effective application of public data, the combination of open sharing and development and utilization is a desirable way.
In addition, the action plan also mentioned to promote the orderly cross-border flow of data, raise the standard economic and trade rules, continue to optimize the cross-border flow of data regulatory measures, and support the exploration of pilot free trade zones. From a realistic point of view, the global business operation in the digital era inevitably requires real-time cross-border data flow, and the digital economy is also a new competitive advantage that China should strive to build. Therefore, to allow data elements to “take advantage” of the new momentum, we need to adhere to the principles of openness, integration, security and order, promote a high level of opening-up in the field of data economy, strengthen international exchanges and mutual learning, promote orderly cross-border flow of data, and strictly observe the bottom line of data security, so that security runs through the whole process of value creation and realization of data elements. 数字化转型网（www.szhzxw.cn）
The action plan clearly states that “by the end of 2026, the breadth and depth of application of data elements will be greatly expanded, the multiplier effect of data elements in the field of economic development will be revealed, and more than 300 typical application scenarios with strong demonstration, high visibility and wide drive will be created” and “the average annual growth rate of the data industry will exceed 20%”. At present, the “timetable” and “road map” have been clear, and we should focus on solving the problems of low data supply quality, poor circulation mechanism, and insufficient application potential release, so as to give full play to the multiplier effect of data elements and better enable China’s economic and social development.
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