一辆辆空载无人驾驶的蓝色自动导航运载车（AGV）有序进入作业区域，完成装载即驮着集装箱自行离开驶向货场，远方16台自动化轨道吊在各自区域内来回移动理货……6月11日，厦门远海码头，自动化岸桥正将巨轮运载的无数集装箱吊运上岸。从全国首个5G全场景应用智慧港口项目在厦门港远海码头启动运营以来，各大港口正抓住数字经济发展契机，拓展人工智能、大数据、5G等高新技术应用，加速智能网联车商业化应用，助力传统港口运营模式智慧转型。
“然而，数字化转型不是传统的自上而下推进，而是双向发力、迭代创新。”集美大学诚毅学院商船系副主任邹鸰表示，虽然布局“智慧港口2.0”已成为港口行业的共识，但数字化转型不能盲目跟风、不是大拆大建，关键是满足需求、创造价值。因此，立足于高度信息化、全自动化系统，港口融入5G、区块链等当前最前沿技术，向更高层次的‘智慧港口’全面转型升级的同时，仍然要避免无序发展、资源浪费等问题。数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
一、“5G”港口成流量密码
“借助5G高带宽、低时延的特性，成功实现AGV无线通讯控制、5G+智能理货等5G应用，再通过VR眼镜实时监控，可以运用自动化作业现场解决一线作业的痛点问题，提升生产效能。”厦门远海集装箱码头有限公司副总经理孙博生说。“数字化转型涉及各层级、各领域、各业务，既是一项极具创新性的复杂系统工程，也是一个长期的动态过程。”孙博生说，“智慧港口2.0”是在“5G智慧港口全场景应用”的基础上的持续创新开发，推动包括5G高中低频立体组网、无人集卡开放场景混合运行、北斗高精定位与多传感融合、基于5G的港机远控改造等关键技术的系统性提升，制定了港口无人驾驶集装箱车的标准，实现了智慧港口的商业化运营。“通俗点说，就是给码头装上了‘中国芯’，各项工作均实现了‘云操作’。”孙博生说。
“智慧港口2.0”通过全场集卡调度、EIR无纸化、智能闸口、智能理货、智能配载、预约平台、微信物流平台升级改造等项目，港口运营效率提升明显。因此，“5G”港口成为国内各大港口布局的流量密码。宁波舟山港与浙江移动、华为等“强强联合”持续打造“5G+智慧港口”，还陆续在业界首创了5G轮胎吊远程操控常态化投产、5G网络切片港口应用、首个5G港口超级上行应用等；四川首个5G智慧港口项目——宜宾港5G智慧港口一期一标段自去年上线试运行以来，借助当前的物流网、大数据、云计算、5G、人工智能、区块链等先进信息技术，实现了港口管理工作流程信息化、数据标准化、日常工作自动化；中国移动、华为公司联合在天津港实施5G、AI、云计算等新技术创新示范应用，助推京津冀协同发展的同时，也为全球港口智慧化升级贡献“天津港方案”。数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
“‘智慧港口2.0’实现了码头相关领域流程的再改造、业务协同管理创新，形成了‘线上信息广泛互联、线下资源优化配置、线上线下协同联动’的新业态。”厦门大学经济学院副教授丁长发表示，根据现场实际测试及方案比较，“智慧港口2.0”具有投资小、建设周期短、绿色低碳、适用性广等特性，对传统集装箱码头智慧化升级具有示范性作用。数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
二、数字化激活港口潜能数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
“数字化转型与实体经济产业链、供应链、价值链的优化是紧密相关的，数字赋能是产业、资本、技术、数据多方融合共振的最终结果。”丁长发表示，在循序渐进的发展中，数字技术必将为港口生产力的提升打开新的空间。
数字化转型的快与慢、成与败，成为激活港口潜能的关键变量。在广西北部湾港防城港码头有限公司的9号泊位集装箱公司码头，借助中国移动5G网络和高清监控设备，码头作业利用“电眼电脑”替代“人眼人脑”，精准、快速、动态记录，实现自动化数据采集。数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
“5G应用以前，在北部湾港防城港码头，每个吊桥都需要操作员，严寒酷暑，工作条件十分艰苦；由于无法对机械设备的关键作业点做到实时联网监控，故桥吊的集卡数量配备无法实现灵活的集成调度，造成效率低下。”广西北港大数据科技有限公司相关负责人介绍，通过5G+防城港门机视频回传，数据实时采集分析预警和智能理货，设备部署成本减少10%，港口作业效率提高15%，事故发生率降低30%。数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
“依托5G网络，智慧港口解决了传统模式下的通信异常干扰、高时延等问题，自动化码头整体运营效能大大提升。”记者在采访港口从业人员的过程中，得到这样的共识。数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
在港区5G专网建设基础上，“智慧港口2.0”结合边缘计算、高精度定位、人工智能、计算机视觉等技术，研发打造5G智慧港口具体业务场景落地，通过5G技术进一步推动港口自动化、数字化、信息化，助力港口智慧化升级与变革。
据中研产业研究院报告《2021-2026年中国智慧港口行业发展深度调研与未来趋势预测报告》分析，随着5G商用化的推进，在现有合作成果的基础上，进一步丰富业务验证场景，扩大试点规模，全面验证各类典型应用的5G承载能力，打造5G垂直行业应用标杆。同时随着各应用场景的成熟技术和商业模式的固定化，5G智慧港口解决方案可以复制到国内外各港口，带动整个行业技术的换代升级，同时带来巨大的商业利益。数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
三、盲目跟风仍不可取数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
“当前，我国智慧港口建设已从探索阶段逐步转向成熟。”集美大学航海学院教授邵哲平表示，然而新一代信息技术在港口中的深度融合应用,还需要一个不断探索与实践的过程,相关的理论体系还需进一步丰富与完善。如今，借助5G、区块链等新一代信息技术的发展，各大港口都在发力数字化、智能化转型升级之路，构筑安全、便捷、智能、全联接的智慧港口生态圈。数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
“智慧港口建设投资大、周期长、要素多,再加上技术储备、资本积累、创新能力、人力资源等现实情况,决定了智慧港口发展还将是一个长期、持续和渐进的过程。”丁长发表示，截至目前，我国人工码头整体比例依然较大，自动化程度低，盲目追求数字化仍不可取。
“为此，无论是港口行政管理部门还是一线的港口企业,都要全面、客观、理性地评估智慧港口建设基础与条件,进一步理清发展思路与路径,找准着力点与重点突破的方向。”丁长发建议，各地要基于港口生态圈打造顶层视角,做好智慧港口的概念框架设计,整体谋划好智慧港口的发展框架与思路,从空间性、技术性、社会性、生态性等多维度考虑好智慧港口路径设计的问题。数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
“目前，各大港口仍存在智慧港口技术支撑体系不健全、智慧港口评价指标体系不统一等薄弱环节。”邵哲平在分析“智慧港口2.0”发展现状时表示，各地要紧密跟踪国际港口行业科技前沿,研究构建智慧港口标准与规范体系,包括相关基础标准、术语定义、通用规范、应用标准、信息服务标准,推进新技术、新产品、新业态研发与应用。
翻译：数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
An empty and unmanned blue automated navigation vehicle (AGV) enters the operation area in an orderly manner. After loading the container, it leaves for the freight yard on its own, and 16 automated rails in the distance move the cargo back and forth in their respective areas… An automated quaybridge lifts containers carried by a giant ship ashore at Yuanhai Port in Xiamen, east China’s Fujian province, June 11, 2019. Since the first 5G all-scene application smart port project started operation in Xiamen Port far-sea Terminal, major ports are seizing the development opportunity of digital economy, expanding the application of artificial intelligence, big data, 5G and other high-tech, accelerating the commercial application of intelligent connected vehicles, and helping the smart transformation of traditional port operation mode.数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
“However, digital transformation is not a traditional top-down push, but a two-way effort and iterative innovation.” Zou Lv, deputy director of Merchant shipping Department of Chengyi College, Jimei University. Said that although the layout of “smart port 2.0” has become the consensus of the port industry. The digital transformation should not blindly follow the trend. Rather than large-scale demolition and construction, the key is to meet the demand and create value. Therefore, based on the highly informationized and fully automated system, the port integrates the current cutting-edge technologies such as 5G and blockchain to comprehensively transform and upgrade to a higher-level “smart port”, while still avoiding problems such as disorderly development and resource waste.
“5G” port into traffic password数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
“With the help of the characteristics of 5G with high bandwidth and low delay, 5G applications. Such as AGV wireless communication control and 5G+ intelligent tally can be successfully realized. And then real-time monitoring through VR glasses can be used to solve the pain points of first-line operations by automated field operation and improve production efficiency.” Xiamen Yuanhai Container Terminal Co., LTD. Deputy general manager Sun Bosheng said. “Digital transformation involves all levels, sectors and businesses. It is both a highly innovative complex systems engineering and a long-term dynamic process.”数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
Sun Bosheng said that “Smart Port 2.0” is a continuous innovation and development on the basis of “full scene application of 5G smart port”. It will promote the systematic improvement of key technologies including 5G high school and low frequency three-dimensional networking, mixed operation of unattended card opening scene, Beidou high precision positioning and multi-sensor integration. And port machinery remote control transformation based on 5G. Standards for unmanned container vehicles at ports have been formulated to realize the commercial operation of smart ports. “Colloquial point, is to install the wharf ‘China core’, all the work has achieved ‘cloud operation’.” Sun Bosheng said.数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
“Smart Port 2.0” has significantly improved the port operation efficiency through such projects as full-field card scheduling, EIR paperless, intelligent gate, intelligent cargo tally, intelligent stowing, reservation platform and wechat logistics platform upgrading. 数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
Therefore, “5G” port has become the traffic password of major domestic port layout. Ningbo Zhoushan Port and Zhejiang Mobile, Huawei and other “strong alliance” continue to build “5G+ smart port”. Also in the industry’s first 5G tire crane remote control normal production, 5G network chip port application. The first 5G port super uplink application. Yibin Port, the first 5G smart port project in Sichuan Province, has realized the port management workflow informatization. Data standardization and daily work automation with the help of advanced information technologies. Such as logistics network, big data, cloud computing, 5G, artificial intelligence and blockchain since its launch and trial operation last year. 数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
China Mobile and Huawei have jointly carried out demonstration and innovation of 5G, AI, cloud computing and other new technologies in Tianjin Port, boosting the coordinated development of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and contributing to the “Tianjin Port Plan” for the smart upgrading of global ports.
“The ‘Smart Port 2.0’ has realized the re-transformation of processes in wharf-related fields and the innovation of business collaborative management, forming a new business mode of ‘extensive online information interconnection, optimized offline resource allocation. And coordinated online and offline linkage’.” Ding Changfa, associate professor of the School of Economics at Xiamen University. Said that according to the actual field test and the comparison of the scheme. “Smart Port 2.0” has the characteristics of small investment. Short construction period, green and low-carbon, and wide applicability. Which will play a demonstrative role in the intelligent upgrading of traditional container terminals.
Digital activation of port potential数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
“Digital transformation is closely related to the optimization of the industrial chain, supply chain and value chain of the real economy. And digital empowerment is the final result of multi-party integration and resonance of industry, capital, technology and data.” Ding said that in the gradual development, digital technology will certainly open new space for the improvement of port productivity.
The speed and slow, success and failure of digital transformation have become the key variables to activate the potential of ports. In the No.9 berth Container Company wharf of Guangxi Beibu Gulf Port Fangchenggang Terminal Co., LTD., with the help of China Mobile 5G network and HD monitoring equipment, “electric eye computer” is used to replace “human eyes and human brains” in wharf operation. So as to achieve accurate, fast and dynamic recording and automatic data collection.数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
“Before 5G was used, operators were needed for every suspension bridge at Fangchenggang Wharf in Beibu Gulf Port. Working conditions were very difficult in the cold and hot summer. Due to the inability to achieve real-time network monitoring of the key operation points of mechanical equipment. The number and allocation of the bridge crane can not achieve flexible integrated scheduling, resulting in low efficiency.” The relevant person in charge of Guangxi Beigang Big Data Technology Co., Ltd. introduced that through 5G+ Fangchenggang gate machine video uploading. Real-time data collection and analysis of early warning and intelligent cargo tally. Equipment deployment cost is reduced by 10%, port operation efficiency is increased by 15%. And the accident rate is reduced by 30%.
Reporters in the process of interviewing port practitioners, get such a consensus.数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
“Relying on 5G network, the smart port solves the problems of abnormal communication interference and high delay in the traditional mode. And the overall operation efficiency of the automated terminal is greatly improved.” Reporters in the process of interviewing port practitioners, get such a consensus.
Based on the construction of 5G private network in the port area. “Smart Port 2.0” combines edge computing, high-precision positioning, artificial intelligence, computer vision and other technologies to research and develop specific business scenarios of 5G smart ports. Further promote port automation, digitization and informatization through 5G technology, and help port smart upgrade and reform.数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
According to the analysis of 2021-2026 China Smart Port Industry Development In-depth Survey and Future Trend Forecast Report by China Research Institute of Industry. With the promotion of 5G commercialization, on the basis of existing cooperation results. Further enrich the business verification scenarios, expand the pilot scale. And comprehensively verify the 5G carrying capacity of various typical applications. To set a benchmark for 5G vertical industry application. Meanwhile, with the immobilization of mature technologies and business models in various application scenarios. 5G smart port solutions can be copied to ports at home and abroad, driving the technological upgrading of the entire industry and bringing huge commercial benefits.数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
Blindly follow the trend is still not advisable
“Currently, the construction of smart ports in our country has gradually shifted from the exploration stage to maturity.” However, the application of the new generation of information technology in port integration needs a process of continuous exploration and practice. And the relevant theoretical system needs to be further enriched and improved, said Shao Zheping. A professor at the Navigation College of Jimei University. Today, with the development of 5G, blockchain and other next-generation information technologies. Major ports are making efforts on the road of digital and intelligent transformation and upgrading to build a safe, convenient, intelligent and fully connected smart port ecosystem.数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
“The construction of smart ports has a large investment, a long cycle and multiple factors. As well as technical reserves, capital accumulation, innovation capacity and human resources. Which determine that the development of smart ports will be a long-term, continuous and gradual process.” Ding Changfa said that up to now, the overall proportion of artificial docks in China is still large. The degree of automation is low, and the blind pursuit of digitalization is still not advisable.数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
Ding Changfa suggested that all regions should create a top-level perspective based on the port ecosystem
“To this end, both port administrative departments and first-line port enterprises should comprehensively, objectively and rationally evaluate the foundation and conditions for the construction of smart ports, further clarify the development ideas and paths, and find out the focus and key breakthrough direction.” Ding Changfa suggested that all regions should create a top-level perspective based on the port ecosystem, do a good job in the conceptual framework design of smart ports, make overall plans for the development framework and ideas of smart ports. And consider the design of smart port routes from multiple aspects such as spatial, technical, social and ecological.数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
“At present, there are still weak links in the major ports, such as unsound technical support system for smart ports and inconsistent evaluation index system for smart ports.” When analyzing the development status of “Smart Port 2.0”, Shao Zeping said that all regions should closely track the scientific and technological frontier of the international port industry, study and construct the smart port standard and specification system, including relevant basic standards, term definition, general specifications, application standards and information service standards, and promote the research and development and application of new technologies, new products and new business forms.数字化转型网szhzxw.cn
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