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随着农业格局的不断演变，许多农民正在探索新的机会，以实现生产多元化并进入利润丰厚的市场。精油行业就是其中一个备受关注的领域，它为农民提供了为本地和国际市场生产高需求产品的机会。
As the agricultural landscape continues to evolve, many farmers are exploring new opportunities to diversify their production and tap into lucrative markets. One such avenue gaining attention is the essential oils industry, which offers farmers the chance to produce high-demand products for both local and international markets.
南部非洲精油生产者协会 (SAEOPA) 首席执行官凯伦·斯瓦内波尔 (Karen Swanepoel) 分享了对这一不断发展的行业的潜力和挑战的见解。
Karen Swanepoel, CEO of the Southern African Essential Oil Producers Association (SAEOPA), shared insights into the potential and challenges of this growing sector.
南非精油行业规模虽小，但正在发展，每年产量约为 3,000 吨，主要是桉树油和柑橘油。据南非精油协会称，2017 年出口额为 760 万兰特，但 2018 年有所下降。全球精油市场价值 65 亿美元，预计到 2025 年将达到 158 亿美元，主要生产国是巴西、中国和美国。
South Africa’s essential oil industry is small but growing, producing around 3 000 tonnes annually, primarily eucalyptus and citrus oils. According to SAEOPA, in 2017, exports were valued at R7.6 million, though this decreased in 2018. Globally, the essential oil market is valued at $6.5 billion and is expected to reach up to $15.8 billion by 2025, with major producers like Brazil, China, and the USA.
由于中产阶级的不断壮大，南非本土香水市场正在不断扩大，但该市场仍以进口为主，精油和化妆品贸易存在逆差。近年来，南非出口了价值 658,206 兰特的精油，进口了价值 330,209 兰特的精油。
South Africa’s local fragrance market is expanding due to a growing middle class, though it remains dominated by imports, with a trade deficit in essential oils and cosmetics. South Africa exported R658,206 worth of essential oils and imported R330,209 in recent years.
南非的精油行业经历了增长和收缩时期，但目前正在复苏并准备扩张。
The essential oils industry in South Africa has experienced periods of growth and contraction but is now recovering and poised for expansion.
“它曾经很小，后来变大了，然后又缩小了。现在又恢复到了它应有的规模，”斯瓦内普尔解释道。她补充说，南非的生产商以质量著称，这让他们具有竞争优势，尽管他们的产量可能不如大国。
“It was very small; it became larger and it shrunk again. And now it’s growing back again to where it should be,” Swanepoel explained. She added that South African producers are known for their quality, which gives them a competitive edge, even though they may not produce the same volumes as larger countries.
“我们无法在产量上与其他国家竞争。有些国家确实生产了大量石油，因此，他们能够以比我们低得多的价格出售。但我们非常优秀，我们以质量著称，”斯瓦内波尔强调道。
“We cannot compete with volumes. There are countries that really produce a lot of volumes of oil, therefore, they are able to sell it at a much lower price than us. But we are very good, and our reputation is for quality,” Swanepoel emphasised.
她指出，南非生产高品质油的声誉与其在葡萄酒行业的地位相似，“只要是南非的，就一定是好的。”
South Africa’s reputation for producing high-quality oils is similar to its standing in the wine industry, she noted, “If it’s South Africa, it’s got to be good.”
南非拥有得天独厚的条件，可以生产多种精油，包括本土作物和非本土作物。
South Africa is well-positioned to produce a variety of essential oils, including both indigenous and non-indigenous crops.
“我们在柑橘方面处于非常有利的地位，我们的第二大出口产品也是桉树，”斯瓦内普尔说。虽然这两种作物不是南非的本土作物，但它们的表现良好，具有巨大的出口潜力。
“We are very well positioned with citrus, and our second biggest export product is also eucalyptus,” Swanepoel said. While these two crops are not native to South Africa, they perform well and have significant export potential.
其他主要作物包括茶树、万寿菊（法语中也称为tagetes）、布枯和迷迭香。过去，南非是玫瑰天竺葵、薰衣草、柠檬草和薄荷的主要产地，这些植物至今仍在各个地区种植。
Other key crops include tea trees, kakiebos (also known as tagetes in French), buchu, and rosemary. In the past, South Africa has been a strong producer of rose geranium, lavender, lemongrass, and mint, all of which are still grown in various regions.
“南非实际上是一个可以做其他人能做的一切事情的国家。我们还做他们做不到的事情。”
“South Africa is actually a country that can do everything that anybody else does. We also do things that they can’t do.”
农民正在生产澳洲坚果油、葡萄籽油、南瓜籽油和仙人掌籽油，进一步扩大了该国的高价值产品组合。
Farmers are producing macadamia oil, grapeseed oil, pumpkin seed oil, and cactus seed oil, further expanding the country’s portfolio of high-value products.
其中一个关键机会是有机认证，它可以在全球市场上卖出更高的价格。“如果人们关注有机认证，他们就能谈出一个更有竞争力的价格，”她说。
One of the key opportunities lies in organic certification, which can command higher prices in the global market. “If people look at organic certification, they are able to negotiate a better competitive price,” she said.
全球精油供应不足导致大量人造和掺假产品涌入。这种短缺为生产高品质正宗精油创造了更大的机会。
The global undersupply of essential oils has led to an influx of artificial and adulterated products. This shortage creates even greater opportunities to produce high-quality, authentic oils.
精油不仅因其最终产品的价值而具有价值，而且也是极好的间作选择。“如果间作精油，对抗昆虫甚至真菌问题会更容易，因为它们会散发出强烈的香气；它可以驱赶昆虫，”Swanepoel 解释道。
Essential oils are not only valuable for their end-products but also serve as excellent intercropping options. “Combating insects and even fungal problems is easier if you intercrop with essential oils because of the strong aroma that they give off; it deters insects,” Swanepoel explained.
这意味着农民可以在种植传统作物的同时种植精油，自然地增强病虫害控制，同时实现收入来源多样化。
This means farmers can plant essential oils alongside their traditional crops, enhancing pest control naturally while diversifying their income streams.
近年来，人们越来越倾向于绿色消费主义，这对精油行业产生了积极影响。“我们必须记住，大多数时候，种植精油的人选择有机种植是因为有机种植具有优质优势，”斯瓦内波尔解释道。
In recent years, there has been a growing shift towards green consumerism, which has positively impacted the essential oils industry. “We have to remember that most of the time, the people that are growing it are going organic because of the premium advantage there,” Swanepoel explained.
精油的整个生产过程通常是循环的，废料被回收到农场进行堆肥，进一步符合可持续的农业实践。
The entire production process of essential oils is typically circular, with waste materials being recycled back into the farm for composting, further aligning with sustainable farming practices.
“没有浪费。他们利用了废料。将其用于堆肥。”这对寻求天然和可持续产品的环保意识强的消费者很有吸引力。
“There’s nothing wasted. They make use of the spent material. It goes into composting.” This appeals to environmentally conscious consumers who are seeking natural and sustainable products.
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