成千上万的小型网站准备遵守欧盟推出的新的反极端主义措施，可能很快就会有一个意想不到的新盟友：谷歌。据报道，这家搜索巨头正在开发免费的内容审核软件，以帮助网站监控和删除恐怖主义材料。谷歌经常被小公司指责为反竞争行为。谷歌的新工具最先由《金融时报》报道，紧随Meta的类似举措而来，旨在帮助资源较少的小型公司避开欧洲数字服务法案(Digital Services Act)可能施加的毁灭性惩罚。
这款审核工具是由谷歌的Jigsaw研发部门和联合国支持的Tech Against Terrorism合作开发的，它将依赖于由Facebook、微软、Twitter和YouTube于2017年成立的非营利性全球互联网反恐论坛收集的可疑恐怖主义内容数据库。虽然Meta最近宣布了一款开源反恐检测软件，将帮助网站将潜在有害内容与数据库进行匹配，但《金融时报》报道指出，谷歌的工具将帮助人工审核员采取下一步措施，并决定对标记为有害的内容采取何种执法措施。
去年11月生效的《数字服务法案》(Digital Service Act)将之前的规定编入法律，要求网站和平台在收到删除命令后一小时内删除恐怖主义内容，否则将面临高额罚款。尽管这些执法措施旨在积极打击极端主义内容，但它们也有可能产生意想不到的后果，即针对较小公司的不当行为。虽然谷歌和Meta等大型科技巨头利用他们雄厚的财力和在人工智能领域的投资来提高恐怖主义检测率，但初创公司和较小的公司往往缺乏同样的能力。
Jigsaw首席执行官雅斯敏•格林在接受《金融时报》采访时表示:“很多网站都没有人来执行。”“甚至连构建算法都是一件非常劳动密集型的事情，(而且)你还需要所有那些人工审核人员。”
科技反恐执行董事亚当·哈德利在给Gizmodo的电子邮件中回应了这一点。
哈德利说:“根据我们的经验，我们发现恐怖分子试图利用较小的平台，由于资源有限，这些平台的内容审核具有挑战性。”“这一举措加强了我们提醒科技公司的现有努力，旨在帮助那些被威胁淹没、没有能力对数千个推荐请求进行分类的平台。”
谷歌的一位发言人在电子邮件中告诉Gizmodo，“恐怖主义是对开放社会的攻击，应对暴力和仇恨构成的威胁对我们所有人来说都是一个重大挑战。Jigsaw和Tech Against Terrorism与全球互联网反恐论坛(GIFCT)合作，正在开发一款新的网络应用程序，使中小型平台能够对反恐数据库中存在的url和散列进行分类和行动。”这位发言人接着说，“这个合作伙伴联盟将投资研究如何支持中小型平台遏制暴力极端主义内容的传播。”
谷歌帮助这些中小型网站并不仅仅是出于善意。格林告诉《金融时报》，虽然该项目短期内预计不会获得利润，但支持一个合规、少恐怖主义的网络符合谷歌的最大利益。格林说:“大家都明白，这样做是有长期商业回报的。”“谷歌需要一个更健康的互联网。”
大约一个月前，Meta宣布将推出新的“hash – matcher – actioner”(HMA)审核工具，广泛面向对检测恐怖主义或极端主义内容感兴趣的公司。在这种情况下，HMA工具使用已知恐怖主义内容的散列，让平台或网站检测重复的图像或视频，然后可能对其采取执法行动。
原文：
Tens of thousands of smaller websites bracing to comply with new anti-extremism measures introduced by the European Union may soon have a new, unexpected ally: Google.
The search giant—often a punching bag for smaller firms accusing them of perceived anti-competitive practices—is reportedly developing free content moderation software to help sites monitor and remove terrorist material. Google’s new tool, first reported on by The Financial Times, comes hot on the heels of a similar initiative from Meta, and is intended to help smaller firms with less resources steer clear of potentially crushing penalties imposed by Europe’s Digital Services Act.
The moderation tool, built via a partnership between Google’s Jigsaw R&D arm and United Nations-backed Tech Against Terrorism, will rely on a database of suspected terrorist content collected by the non-profit Global Internet Forum to Counter Terrorism formed by Facebook, Microsoft, Twitter and YouTube back in 2017. While Meta recently announced an open source anti-terrorism detection software will help sites match potentially harmful content against that database, The Financial Times report notes Google’s tools will help human moderators take the next step and decide what enforcement measures to put in place with content marked as harmful.
The Digital Service Act, which went into effect last November, codifies previous regulations requiring websites and platforms remove terrorist content within one hour after receiving a removal order or face stiff fines. Though those enforcement measures are meant to positively crack down on extremist content, they also have the potential unintended consequences of disproportionality targeting smaller firms. While Big Tech behemoths like Google and Meta have used their deep pockets and investments in AI to increase their terrorism detection rates, startups and smaller firms often lack those same capabilities.
“There are a lot of websites that just don’t have any people to do the enforcement,” Jigsaw CEO Yasmin Green told The Financial Times. “It is a really labour-intensive thing to even build the algorithms [and] then you need all those human reviewers.”
Tech Against Terrorism Executive Director Adam Hadley echoed that point in a email to Gizmodo.
“In our experience, we find that terrorists seek to exploit smaller platforms where content moderation is challenging due to limited resources,” Hadley said. “Augmenting our existing efforts to alert tech companies, this initiative is designed to help platforms who are inundated by the threat and do not have the capacity to triage thousands of referral requests.”
A Google spokesperson told Gizmodo in an email, “Terrorism is an attack on open societies, and addressing the threat posed by violence and hate is a critical challenge for us all. Jigsaw and Tech Against Terrorism, in collaboration with the the Global Internet Forum to Counter Terrorism (GIFCT), are working to develop a new web app that enables small and medium-sized platforms to triage and action on URLs and hashes that exist in counter-terrorism databases.” The spokesperson went on to say, “This coalition of partners will invest in researching ways to support small and medium sized platforms in curbing the spread of violent extremist content.”
Google isn’t necessarily helping out these smaller and medium-sized sites merely out of the goodness of its heart. Though the project isn’t expected to rake in profits in the near term, Green told The Financial Times it’s in Google’s best interest to support a compliant, and terrorism-lite web.
“There’s an understanding that there’s a long-term business return,” Green said. “Google needs a healthier internet.”
News of Google’s tool comes roughly a month after Meta announced it would make its new “Hasher-Matcher-Actioner” (HMA) moderation tool available to a wide range of companies interested in detecting terrorist or extremist content. In that case, the HMA tool uses hashes of known terrorist content to let platforms or sites detect duplicate images or videos and then potentially take enforcement action against them.
本文由数字化转型网（www.szhzxw.cn）翻译而成，作者：Mack DeGeurin；编辑/翻译：数字化转型网默然。
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