近日，由中央网信办信息化发展局、农业农村部市场与信息化司、国家发展改革委创新和高技术发展司、工业和信息化部信息技术发展司、科技部农村科技司、市场监管总局标准技术管理司、国家乡村振兴局社会帮扶司组织有关机构和地方编写了《数字乡村建设指南1.0》，提出了数字乡村建设的总体参考架构以及若干可参考的应用场景，供各地区推进数字乡村建设时借鉴使用。
一、什么是畜牧业数字化？
畜牧业数字化是综合运用现代信息技术和智能装备技术，将畜牧养殖管理和技术数字化，利用互联网平台，实现畜牧养殖数字化智能化管理，推动畜牧养殖由传统粗放式向知识型、技术型转变。
二、畜牧业数字化之动物疫病监测数字化
利用网络数字技术、智能感知技术和监控设施设备对规模化养殖场进行疾病监测和疫病传播跟踪，提高动物疫病防控能力与处置效率。建立动物电子免疫档案，实现动物疫病强制免疫信息化管理。
省级层面建设动物疫病监测数字化平台，对疫病的发生、发展及流行趋势进行分析、模拟和风险评估，确定重点的防控地区，推荐合理的防控措施并进行预警发布。
县级层面推广应用动物疫病监测数字化平台，组织建立养殖场、权威专家和兽医主管部门“三位一体”的疾病快速诊断联动机制，及时发现、处理动物疫病，减少养殖场的经济损失和重大疾病的传播和扩散。
注意事项：建设动物疫病监测平台需要大量资金，鼓励和引导畜牧业基础资源条件较好、规模化经营程度较高的地区探索实施。建立动物疫病监测模型需要长期和大量本地区数据积累，应避免短期内盲目构建。
三、畜牧业数字化之畜牧养殖监管数字化
利用物联网、大数据、区块链等技术，对畜牧养殖过程进行全程监控，实现要素合理调配、养殖条件优化，提高监管能力，提升产品品质。依托畜牧养殖大数据监管平台，记录全环节畜牧养殖流转信息，形成环环相扣的信息链条，有效防范不法分子违规开具检疫证明、违规调运等问题。
省级层面开展畜牧养殖大数据监管平台建设，利用“养殖场直联直报平台”“全国数字奶业信息服务云平台”“兽医卫生综合信息平台”“国家兽药产品追溯平台”等信息化管理平台，实现养殖、屠宰、加工、物流、销售直到终端消费者全产业链无缝监管，提升对溯源信息的采集、智能化处理和综合管理能力。
县级层面鼓励畜牧企业、养殖企业、屠宰企业、流通企业推行信息化经营管理，按照畜牧养殖监管要求上报数据。
Recently, Information Technology Development Bureau of Cyberspace Administration of the CPC Central Committee. Department of Market and Information Technology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs. Department of Innovation and High-tech Development of the National Development and Reform Commission. Department of Information Technology Development of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology. Department of Rural Science and Technology of the Ministry of Science and Technology. Department of Standards and Technology Administration of the State Administration of Market Regulation. And Department of Social Assistance of the National Rural Revitalization Administration organized relevant institutions and local governments to compile Guide 1.0 for Digital Countryside Construction. The paper puts forward the general reference framework of digital rural construction. And some application scenarios for reference. Which can be used for reference when promoting the construction of digital rural in various regions.
What isdigitalization-of-animal-husbandry?
The digitalization of animal husbandry is to make comprehensive use of modern information technology and intelligent equipment technology, digitize the management and technology of animal husbandry, and use the Internet platform to realize the digital and intelligent management of animal husbandry, so as to promote the transformation of animal husbandry from the traditional extensive type to the knowledge and technology type.
Digitalization of animal disease monitoring
The network digital technology, intelligent perception technology and monitoring facilities are used to monitor and track disease spread in large-scale breeding farms. So as to improve the capacity of animal disease prevention and control and disposal efficiency. Electronic animal immunization records shall be established to realize the information management of compulsory immunization against animal epidemics.
A digital platform for animal disease monitoring should be established at the provincial level to analyze, simulate and assess the occurrence, development and epidemic trend of the disease, determine key prevention and control areas, recommend reasonable prevention and control measures, and issue early warning.
The county level has promoted and applied the digital platform for animal disease monitoring, organized and established a joint mechanism for rapid disease diagnosis involving livestock farms, authoritative experts and veterinary authorities, so as to discover and deal with animal diseases in a timely manner, and reduce the economic losses of livestock farms and the spread and spread of major diseases.
Notes: The establishment of an animal disease monitoring platform requires a large amount of funds. We should encourage and guide the exploration. And implementation of animal husbandry in areas with good basic resources and a high degree of scale operation. The establishment of animal disease monitoring model requires long-term and large amount of local data accumulation, so blind construction should be avoided in the short term.
Digitalization of livestock husbandry supervision
The Internet of Things, big data, blockchain and other technologies are used to monitor the whole process of animal husbandry, realize reasonable allocation of factors, optimize breeding conditions, improve supervision capacity, and improve product quality. Relying on the big data supervision platform for animal husbandry, the whole process of animal husbandry circulation information is recorded, forming an interlocking information chain, and effectively preventing illegal elements from issuing quarantine certificates and illegal transportation.
At the provincial level, the construction of big data supervision platform for livestock breeding has been carried out, and information management platforms such as “farm direct connection and direct reporting platform”, “national digital dairy industry information service cloud platform”, “comprehensive veterinary health information platform” and “national veterinary medicine product traceability platform” have been used to realize seamless supervision of the whole industrial chain of breeding, slaughter, processing, logistics and sales until the end consumer. Improve the collection, intelligent processing and comprehensive management of traceability information.
At the county level, animal husbandry enterprises, breeding enterprises, slaughtering enterprises and circulation enterprises are encouraged to implement information-based operation and management, and report data according to the requirements of animal husbandry supervision.
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