本文为数字化转型网（szhzxw.cn）MES（制造执行系统）专题系列文章之一。在MES专题系列文章（二）中我们了解了MES（制造执行系统）经历了哪些发展历史？MES（制造执行系统）在国内的现状是怎样的？MES趋势是什么？本文主要阐述了企业信息化中MES（制造执行系统）扮演的角色和MES（制造执行系统）与其他信息系统之间的关系来了解MES。
一、MES（制造执行系统）在企业信息化中的位置是怎样的？
MES（制造执行系统）在企业信息化中的位置是怎样的？美国先进制造研究机构（AMR）通过对大量企业的调查发现现有的企业生产管理系统普遍由以ERP/MRPII为代表的企业管理软件，以SCADA、 HMI(Human Machine Interface)为代表的生产过程监控软件和以实现操作过程自动化，支持企业全面集成的MES软件群组成。
根据调查结果，AMR于1992年提出了三层的企业集成模型。一个制造企业的制造车间是物流与信息流的交汇点,企业的经济效益最终将在这里被物化出来。随着市场经济的完善,车间在制造企业中逐步向分厂制过渡,导致其角色也由传统的企业成本中心向利润中心转化,更强化了车间的作用。因此,位于车间起着执行功能的制造执行系统MES具有十分重要的作用,从这模型可以看出，制造执行系统MES在计划管理层与底层控制之间架起了一座桥梁，填补了两者之间的空隙。
一方面，MES（制造执行系统）可以对来自MRPII /ERP 软件的生产管理信息细化、分解，将操作指令传递给底层控制；
另一方面，MES（制造执行系统）可以实时监控底层设备的运行状态，采集设备、仪表的状态数据，MES（制造执行系统）经过分析、计算与处理，触发新的事件，从而方便、可靠地将控制系统与信息系统联系在一起，并将生产状况及时反馈给计划层。
车间的实时信息的掌握与反馈是制造执行系统对上层计划系统正常运行的保证，车间的生产管理是MES（制造执行系统）的根本任务，而对底层控制的支持则是MES（制造执行系统）的特色。
二、MES（制造执行系统）与其他信息系统之间的关系是什么？
MES（制造执行系统）作为面向制造的系统必然要与企业其它生产管理系统有密切关系。那MES（制造执行系统）与其他信息系统之间的关系是什么？MES（制造执行系统）在其中起到了信息集线器（Information Hub）的作用，MES（制造执行系统）相当于一个通讯工具为其它应用系统提供生产现场的实时数据。
一方面，ERP系统需要MES（制造执行系统）提供的成本、制造周期和预计产出时间等实时的生产数据；供应链管理系统从MES（制造执行系统）中获取当前的订单状态、当前的生产能力以及企业中生产换班的相互约束关系；客户关系管理的成功报价与准时交货则取决于MES（制造执行系统）所提供的有关生产实时数据；产品数据管理中的产品设计信息是基于MES（制造执行系统）的产品产出和生产质量数据进行优化的；控制模块则需要时刻从MES（制造执行系统）中获取生产配方和操作技术资料来指导人员和设备进行正确地生产。
另一方面，MES（制造执行系统）也要从其它系统中获取相关的数据以保证MES（制造执行系统）在工厂中的正常运行。例如，MES（制造执行系统）中进行生产调度的数据来自ERP的计划数据；供应链的主计划和调度控制着MES（制造执行系统）中生产活动的时间安排；PDM为MES（制造执行系统）提供实际生产的工艺文件和各种配方及操作参数；从控制模块反馈的实时生产状态数据被MES（制造执行系统）用于实际生产性能评估和操作条件的判断。
MES（制造执行系统）与其它分系统之间有功能重叠的关系，例如MES，CRM，ERP中都有人力资源管理，MES和PDM两者都具有文档控制功能，MES和SCM中也同样有调度管理等等，但各自的侧重点是不同的。各系统重叠范围的大小与工厂的实际执行情况有关，而且每个系统的价值又是唯一的。
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MES专题系列文章（三）：企业信息化中MES（制造执行系统）扮演什么样的角色？MES（制造执行系统）与其他信息系统之间的关系是怎样的？翻译：
This article is one of a series of articles on MES (Manufacturing Execution System) of Digital Transformation network (szhzxw.cn). In the MES special series of articles (2), we learned about the development history of MES (Manufacturing execution System). What is the current situation of MES (Manufacturing Execution System) in China? This paper mainly expounds the role of MES (Manufacturing execution System) in enterprise informatization and the relationship between MES (Manufacturing execution system) and other information systems to understand MES.
First, what is the position of MES (Manufacturing execution System) in enterprise informatization?
what is the position of MES (Manufacturing execution System) in enterprise informatization?American Advanced Manufacturing Research Institute (AMR) found that the existing enterprise production management system is generally represented by ERP/MRPII enterprise management software through the survey of a large number of enterprises. Production process monitoring software represented by SCADA and HMI(Human Machine Interface) and MES software group to realize operation process automation and support enterprise comprehensive integration. Based on the findings, AMR proposed a three-tier enterprise integration model in 1992.
The manufacturing workshop of a manufacturing enterprise is the intersection of logistics and information flow, and the economic benefits of the enterprise will eventually be materialized here. With the improvement of the market economy, the workshop gradually transitioned to the branch factory system in the manufacturing enterprises, which led to the transformation of its role from the traditional enterprise cost center to the profit center and strengthened the role of the workshop. Therefore, MES, which plays an executive function in the workshop, plays a very important role.
As can be seen from this model, MES builds a bridge between the planning management and the bottom control, filling the gap between the two.
On the one hand, MES (Manufacturing Execution System) can refine and decompose the production management information from MRPII /ERP software. Pnd pass the operation instructions to the bottom control;
On the other hand, MES (Manufacturing execution System) can monitor the operating status of the underlying equipment in real time, collect the status data of equipment and instruments, MES (manufacturing execution system) through analysis, calculation and processing, trigger new events, so as to conveniently and reliably link the control system with the information system, and timely feedback the production status to the planning layer.
Workshop real-time information and feedback is the manufacturing execution system to ensure the normal operation of the upper planning system, workshop production management is the fundamental task of MES (Manufacturing execution system). And the support for the bottom control is the characteristics of MES (Manufacturing execution system).
What is the relationship between MES (Manufacturing Execution System) and other information systems?
MES (Manufacturing Execution System), as a manufacturing-oriented system, must be closely related to other production management systems of enterprises. What is the relationship between MES (Manufacturing Execution System) and other information systems?MES (manufacturing execution System) plays the role of Information Hub. MES (Manufacturing Execution System) is a communication tool that provides real-time data on the production site to other applications.
On the one hand, ERP system needs real-time production data such as cost, manufacturing cycle and estimated output time provided by MES (Manufacturing Execution System).
The supply chain management system obtains the current order status, current production capacity and the mutual constraint relationship of production shift in the enterprise from MES (Manufacturing execution System); The successful quotation and on-time delivery of customer relationship management depend on the real-time production data provided by MES (Manufacturing Execution System). Product design information in product data management is optimized based on product output and production quality data of MES (Manufacturing Execution System). The control module needs to obtain production formula and operation technical data from MES (Manufacturing Execution System) at all times to guide personnel and equipment to carry out correct production.
On the other hand, MES (Manufacturing Execution System) also needs to obtain relevant data from other systems to ensure the normal operation of MES (manufacturing execution system) in the factory.
For example, the data for production scheduling in MES (Manufacturing Execution System) comes from the planning data of ERP. Supply chain master planning and scheduling control the timing of production activities in MES (Manufacturing Execution System). PDM provides MES (Manufacturing Execution System) with actual production process documents and various formulations and operating parameters. The real-time production status data fed back from the control module is used by MES (Manufacturing Execution System) to evaluate actual production performance and judge operating conditions.
There is a functional overlap between MES (Manufacturing execution System) and other subsystems. Such as MES, CRM, ERP have human resource management. MES and PDM both have document control functions. MES and SCM also have scheduling management and so on, but their respective emphases are different. The size of the overlapping scope of each system is related to the actual performance of the plant. And the value of each system is unique.
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