2月20日，由人民网与微众银行共同打造的普惠金融展示中心正式揭幕，微众银行副行长兼首席信息官马智涛与微众银行科技创新产品部负责人姚辉亚，就如何利用数字科技推动普惠金融发展，与媒体进行了交流。数字化转型网www.szhzxw.cn
十年来，我国数字经济取得了瞩目的发展成就，普惠金融也面临从量到质的转变。作为中国金融业深化改革的产物，微众银行自2014年成立以来，一直以“让金融普惠大众”为使命，依托互联网理念、大数据技术以及运营机制等优势，推动普惠金融的落地，促进高质量发展。2月20日，由人民网与微众银行共同打造的普惠金融展示中心正式揭幕。活动中，微众银行副行长兼首席信息官马智涛与微众银行科技创新产品部负责人姚辉亚，就如何利用数字科技推动普惠金融发展，与媒体进行了交流。
一、向科技要生产力，促进普惠金融落地
目前，微众银行推出的“微粒贷”、“微业贷”、“微众银行财富+”等一系列普惠金融产品，累计为全国逾3.5亿个人客户和超340万家小微市场主体提供了包括线上银行账户、存款理财、小额信贷和支付等在内的综合金融服务，覆盖农民、城镇低收入人群和残疾人、老年人等客群。
据了解，微众银行日均金融交易笔数已经达到5亿以上，峰值超过8亿。海量的用户和短小频快的交易模式，对微众银行的科技能力提出了很大挑战。马智涛表示，由于单客收入低，难以负担传统的解决方案，必须依靠一套新的技术范式，而市场上没有现成的方案。简单来说，就是“买不起”、“买不到”。
“我们最初研发区块链底层平台FISCO BCOS的时候，市场上的区块链底层平台，基本都是由国外主导，走的公链模式，跟我们所倡导的用区块链技术服务实体经济，分歧很大。最后我们选择自己搭建一条有准入机制、合法合规的联盟链，去建设一个安全可控的、在国内有影响力的开源平台。”
从2015年开始布局，持续投入到现在，如今FISCO BCOS平台已经更新到第三代，成为中国最主流的一个区块链底层平台。FISCO BCOS，是微众银行众多科技投入的一个缩影。
2022年微众银行研发投入占比9%，此前更是高达两位数，在人员构成上，IT(信息技术)加DT(数据技术)部门人数占比达80%以上。微众银行的数字普惠金融发展模式，本质上就是用数字科技手段实现降本增效。
马智涛透露，立行之初我们一个账户的年科技运营成本大约五六块钱，到2022年底降到两块钱，对标国内一些中、大型银行，不到1/10。数字化转型网www.szhzxw.cn
数据方面，微众银行不断优化存储技术降低数据存储成本，通过自主研发的开源大数据平台WeDataSphere挖掘数据价值，在数据质量、数据治理、数据安全上做了大量工作，已经形成一套完整的治理体系。“用数据，养数据，管数据”，是微众银行在海量实时数据应用上的破局之道。
深度研发底层技术之上，微众银行关注的另一个重点，是如何在自身业务当中用好技术。
“区块链存证仲裁平台”是一个典型案例。微众银行的金融业务均基于线上开展，传统司法流程处理线上纠纷时，存在电子数据真实性难以认证、案件处理效率低、诉讼流程成本高等痛点。微众银行通过与司法机构合作，将区块链应用于线上业务存证，利用区块链区块链不可篡改且全程可追溯等特性，将关键操作证据上链，实现了验、 签、 存、 裁的电子证据闭环。更重要的是，这种区块链存证的方式，极大提升了效率、降低成本，同时帮客户缩短了仲裁流程、减少仲裁费用。对于未来的技术发展方向，微众银行会从广度向深度、精度、温度发力，不断进行代际升级，为更多细分领域的人群服务，弥合数字鸿沟。在不断提升技术能力保持竞争优势的同时，微众银行以开放的态度对待数字技术，通过开源，将大量技术共享给其他行业、机构。
二、Apache Linkis毕业，微众银行用开源践行ESG
近日，由微众银行主导并捐赠的开源项目Apache Linkis 顺利毕业，成为Apache顶级项目，这是全球首个由银行机构主导、捐赠并毕业的Apache顶级项目。
具体来说，Apache Linkis是一个大数据计算中间件项目。马智涛透露，Linkis本身是微众银行内部的一个工具，用于跟不同大数据组件进行沟通协议的交换，实现兼容。它类似大数据平台的一个统一入口网关，用于上层各种数据工具跟底层不同大数据引擎之间的对接打通和治理管控。过去很多机构选择某些组件后，就被固化了，当要引入新的底层引擎或版本时，每个上层工具都需要重新适配对接一遍，成本很高，相当于被绑定了某个单一技术。Linkis打破了这样的架构。
“Linkis在我们自身场景中发挥了很大的价值，为了让它成为一个更加通用的产品，我们决定让Linkis走开源之路。该项目在Apache成功毕业，也说明了中国的技术受到全世界技术社区的认同跟接受。”
目前，Apache Linkis开源社区群用户总数超7600人，沙箱累计试用公司超2600家，BOSS直聘、理想汽车、天翼云等国内知名企业均是Apache Linkis使用者和社区贡献者。
在马智涛看来，开源背后是一种文化和企业责任，微众银行从一开始使用开源，到投入到开源代码的贡献，从推内部开源，到对社区开源，对行业开源。我们认为，一个企业真正的核心竞争力就在于能持续创造价值，开源真正有利于全行业经营的可持续性。数字化转型网www.szhzxw.cn
如今，微众银行开源项目累计已有33个，涵盖不同的领域，有工业级联邦学习开源平台FATE、区块链底层平台FISCO BCOS、大数据计算中间件项目Apache Linkis，同时正在Apache软件基金会孵化的Eventmesh（事件网格），这些开源项目所带来的价值已经超出了金融行业。
姚辉亚表示，开源也是微众银行作为一家数字银行独特践行ESG的方式。除了主流的绿色债券、绿色贷款等方式，微众银行通过把基础技术能力以开源的方式推广到全社会，帮助其他行业、其他机构用数字化方法解决问题，我们也逐渐把运营开源社区的经验贡献出来，做到“授人以渔”。这些行为也受到行业内外的认可，在近日《福布斯》杂志公布的2023年全球区块链50强榜单中，微众银行蝉联入选。
三、现阶段ChatGPT是个“好学生”，做决策还得靠人
谈及近期爆火的ChatGPT，马智涛指出，ChatGPT背后的很多技术其实一直都存在，只是ChatGPT将它们很好地封装在一起，给人们提供了一个更直观的体验。举例来说，金融领域中的客服机器人，就有用到其中的自然语言处理技术，当然它没有ChatGPT这么“聪明”，这之间还存在一个代际升级。
那对于金融行业来说，ChatGPT的出现意味着什么？
ChatGPT的算法模型，是基于用户输入的信息和它在网络采集到的数据，作为要素形成结论。如果在金融领域应用ChatGPT，必须确保数据的真实性和完整性，否则，就会产生误导和偏见。
马智涛认为，现阶段，对于数据量级没这么大、缺乏结构性的一些数据，特别是像文本数据，通过ChatGPT进行分析，可能会挖掘出一些对业务有用的信息，辅助我们做决策。这方面也是微众银行以后持续研究的一个方向。
“我们有一个理念叫“Human in the loop”，意思是在一个闭环中给决策兜底的最终是人。ChatGPT是一个好学生，它能够帮你去做很多助理类的工作，比如分析财报和基金情况，生成分析报告，这些工作可以借助ChatGPT提高效率，但真的做一些重要决策和判断时，目前看还是得靠人。”
另外，金融行业中有很多带有预测性的工作，比如应用数据去判断一个客户、一家企业的信用表现，这些目前并不能完全靠一个“听话的学生”来完成。
数字化转型网www.szhzxw.cn
翻译：
On February 20, the inclusive Finance Exhibition Center jointly created by People’s Daily Online and WeBank was officially unveiled. Ma Zhitao, vice president and chief information officer of WeBank, and Yao Huiya, head of WeBank’s technology innovation Product Department, exchanged with the media on how to promote the development of inclusive finance through digital technology.
In the past decade, China’s digital economy has made remarkable achievements, and inclusive finance is also facing a transformation from quantity to quality. As the product of the deepening reform of China’s financial industry, WeBank has been committed to the mission of “making finance inclusive to the public” since its establishment in 2014. Relying on the advantages of the Internet concept, big data technology and operation mechanism, WeBank has been promoting the implementation of inclusive finance and high-quality development. An inclusive finance exhibition center jointly created by People’s Daily Online and WeBank was officially unveiled on Feb 20. During the event, Ma Zhitao, vice president and chief information officer of WeBank, and Yao Huiya, head of WeBank’s Technology and Innovation Product Department, exchanged ideas with the media on how to promote the development of inclusive finance through digital technology.
First, seek productivity from science and technology, and promote inclusive finance
At present, WeBank has launched a series of inclusive financial products such as “Microfinance”, “Microfinance” and “WeBank Wealth +”, which have provided comprehensive financial services including online bank accounts, deposit financing, microfinance and payment to more than 350 million individual customers and over 3.4 million small and micro market entities. It covers farmers, low-income people in urban areas, the disabled and the elderly.
It is understood that WeBank’s average daily financial transactions have reached more than 500 million, with a peak of more than 800 million. The large number of users and the short and fast transaction mode pose a great challenge to the scientific and technological capability of WeBank. Mr Ma said that traditional solutions had to be relied on a new technology paradigm because of the low income of individual customers, and there was no ready-made solution in the market. Simply put, “can’t afford”, “can’t buy”.数字化转型网www.szhzxw.cn
“When we first developed the underlying blockchain platform FISCO BCOS, the underlying blockchain platforms in the market were basically dominated by foreign countries and adopted the public chain mode, which was quite different from what we advocated to use blockchain technology to serve the real economy. Finally, we chose to build an alliance chain with access mechanism and legal compliance, so as to build a safe and controllable open source platform with influence in China.”
The layout began in 2015, and it has been continuously put into the present.
Now FISCO BCOS platform has been updated to the third generation, and it has become the most mainstream blockchain underlying platform in China. FISCO BCOS is an epitome of WeBank’s numerous scientific and technological investments.
In 2022, WeBank’s R&D investment will account for 9%, which was even higher than double digits before. In terms of personnel composition, the IT(information technology) and DT(data technology) departments will account for more than 80%. Webank’s development mode of digital inclusive finance is, in essence, to achieve cost reduction and efficiency increase by means of digital technology.
Ma Zhitao revealed that at the beginning of Libank, the annual technology operation cost of one of our accounts was about five or six yuan. By the end of 2022, it would drop to two yuan, which is less than one tenth of that of some medium and large banks in China.
In terms of data, WeBank has continuously optimized storage technology to reduce data storage costs, mined data value through its independently developed open source big data platform WeDataSphere, done a lot of work on data quality, data governance and data security, and formed a complete set of governance system. “Using data, raising data and managing data” is WeBank’s solution in the application of massive real-time data.数字化转型网www.szhzxw.cn
On top of in-depth research and development of underlying technologies, another key focus of WeBank is how to make good use of technology in its own business.
“Blockchain depository arbitration platform” is a typical case. Webank’s financial business is carried out online. When traditional judicial process deals with online disputes, there are pain points such as difficult to verify the authenticity of electronic data, low case handling efficiency and high cost of litigation process. Through cooperation with judicial institutions, WeBank applies blockchain to online business certificate storage, and uses the characteristics of blockchain, such as immutable and traceable in the whole process, to link key operational evidence to achieve a closed loop of electronic evidence for verification, signature, storage and adjudication.
More importantly, this method of blockchain depository greatly improves efficiency, reduces costs. And helps customers shorten the arbitration process and reduce arbitration fees. As for the future direction of technology development, WeBank will make efforts from breadth to depth, precision and temperature, constantly upgrade the generation, serve more people in subdivided fields, and bridge the digital divide. While constantly improving its technical capabilities to maintain its competitive edge, WeBank treats digital technology with an open attitude and shares a large amount of technology with other industries and institutions through open source.
Second, graduated from Apache Linkis, and WeBank practiced ESG with open source数字化转型网www.szhzxw.cn
Recently, Apache Linkis, an open source project led and donated by WeBank, successfully graduated as a top Apache project. Which is the first Apache top project led, donated and graduated by a banking institution in the world.
Specifically, Apache Linkis is a big data computing middleware project. Ma Zhitao revealed that Linkis itself is an internal tool of WeBank. Which is used to exchange communication protocols with different big data components to achieve compatibility. It is similar to a unified entrance gateway of big data platform. Which is used to connect various data tools on the upper layer and different big data engines on the bottom layer and manage and control them. In the past, many organizations selected certain components and then solidified them. When a new underlying engine or version was introduced, each upper-layer tool had to be reconnected. Which was costly and tied to a single technology. Linkis breaks that architecture.
“Linkis has been of great value in our own scene. And in order to make it a more versatile product, we decided to take Linkis open source. The successful graduation of this project from Apache also shows that Chinese technology has been recognized and accepted by the technical community around the world.”
At present, the total number of Apache Linkis open source community users exceeds 7600, sandbox trial companies exceed 2600, BOSS Zhipin, Ideal Automobile, Tianyiyun and other well-known domestic enterprises are Apache Linkis users and community contributors.
In Ma Zhitao’s opinion, there is a kind of culture and corporate responsibility behind open source.
Webank has used open source from the beginning to invest in the contribution of open source code, from promoting internal open source to open source to the community and the industry. We believe that the real core competitiveness of an enterprise lies in the ability to continuously create value. And open source is really conducive to the sustainability of the whole industry.
Currently, there are 33 open source projects of WeBank in total, covering different fields. Such as FATE, the industrial-level open source federal learning platform, FISCO BCOS, the underlying blockchain platform, Apache Linkis. A big data computing middleware project, and Eventmesh, which is being incubated by Apache Software Foundation. The value of these open source projects extends beyond the financial industry.
Yao Huiya said that open source is also a unique way for WeBank to practice ESG as a digital bank. In addition to the mainstream green bonds and green loans, WeBank promotes its basic technical capabilities to the whole society in an open source way to help other industries and institutions solve problems with digital methods. We also gradually contribute our experience in operating open source communities to “teach people how to fish”. These behaviors are also recognized by the industry and beyond. Recently, WeBank was listed in the top 50 blockchain companies in 2023 published by Forbes magazine for a second year.
Third, ChatGPT is a “good student” at the moment, and it’s up to people to make decisions
Talking about ChatGPT’s recent popularity, Ma points out that many of the technologies behind ChatGPT have always existed. But ChatGPT neatly encapsulates them to provide a more intuitive experience. Customer service bots in finance. For example, use natural language processing technology, but they’re not as “smart” as ChatGPT, and there’s a generational upgrade.
So what does ChatGPT mean for the financial industry?数字化转型网www.szhzxw.cn
ChatGPT’s algorithm model is based on the information entered by the user and the data it collects on the network as the factor forming conclusions. If ChatGPT is used in the financial sector, it is necessary to ensure the authenticity and integrity of the data. Otherwise, it will be misleading and biased.
Ma Zhitao believes that at the present stage, for some data with less magnitude and lack of structure. Especially text data, analysis through ChatGPT may excavate some useful information for business and assist us to make decisions. This aspect is also a direction that WeBank will continue to study in the future.
“We have a concept called ‘Human in the loop,’ which means that in a closed loop. It’s ultimately people who make decisions. ChatGPT is a great student, and it can help you do a lot of assistant-type work, like analyzing financial results and funds. And generating analysis reports, which can be more efficient with ChatGPT. But for now it’s up to people to really make the important decisions and judgments.”
In addition, there are a lot of predictive work in the financial industry. Such as using data to judge the credit performance of a customer or an enterprise. Which cannot be completed by an “obedient student” at present.
本文由数字化转型网（www.szhzxw.cn）转载而成，来源：至顶网，作者：于佳卉；编辑/翻译：数字化转型网宁檬树。
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