央企数字化：当今世界，新一轮科技革命带动数字技术强势崛起，产业数字化、数字产业化已成为第四次工业革命的重要驱动要素。习近平总书记指出，世界经济数字化转型是大势所趋。加快数字化转型是中央企业在危机中育新机、于变局中开新局的战略性支点，要顺应大局大势发展，在致知致行中致远致胜，以产业数字化引领驱动高质量发展，努力在构建数字化产业链、培育数字化生态、推动数字经济和实体经济融合发展中走在前列。
一、推进数字化转型要在“致知中致行”
数字化转型不是简单的信息化升级，是企业价值链、组织链、管理链、生产链、供应链、服务链的全面革新，只有“知之愈深”才能“行之愈笃”，转型之路才能走稳走实走远。
第一，数字化转型是带动生产力变革，推动建筑企业迈向产业链、价值链中高端的必然选择。当前建筑企业面临着盈利空间收窄、运营效率不高、核心优势不强、创新能力不足、信息化应用深度不够等问题，归根结底是生产力和生产关系变革不快、不协同造成的。数字经济是新兴技术和先进生产力的代表，数字化转型将有效引导各类要素协同向先进生产力集聚，并推动建立与数字生产力相匹配的新型生产关系，促进价值创造由价值链向价值网转变，在实现传统产业和产业链协同改造、商业模式创新和产业结构升级相互促进中催生新动能、推动新发展。
第二，数字化转型是践行“三个转变”，推动建筑企业高质量发展的必然选择。习近平总书记考察中国中铁所属中铁装备时提出了“三个转变”重要论述，为推动产业结构升级、打造中国品牌指明了方向。数字化转型是改造提升传统动能、培育发展新动能的重要手段，具有向管理赋能、技术赋能和数据赋能的价值再造能力，符合“三个转变”发展内涵；有利于建筑企业提升精细化管理、精益化建造和精致化生产水平，构建“生产服务+商业模式+金融服务”跨界融合的产业生态，聚合工程项目设计、施工、运维一体化的集成管理优势，提升产业基础能力和产业链现代化水平，在助力“内循环”、促进“双循环”中加快推动高质量发展。
第三，数字化转型是培育全球竞争力，加快建设世界一流企业的必然选择。当前，全球经济发展正处于新旧动能转换期，转换的主要方向之一是不断提升数字经济在经济发展中的地位与作用，发挥其对传统经济的引领、带动和改造作用。中央企业处于所在行业或者产业链的头部或核心位置，肩负着数字化转型“开路先锋”的重任，要主动以建设世界一流为标尺，以构建数字化时代核心竞争力为主线，以对标世界一流管理提升行动为载体，把投身数字经济作为推动质量变革、效率变革、动力变革的重要驱动力，面向全球市场竞争和行业发展前沿，重新解构产业要素，重新审视市场竞争环境，重新思考未来行业格局，重新定义产业并找到企业未来核心竞争优势，推动企业向形态更高级、分工更优化、结构更合理方向发展，抢占未来市场和发展制高点，抢占时间优势和数字化“红利”，全面提升在全球市场的竞争力、话语权和影响力。
二、推进数字化转型要在“致行中致远”
数字化转型是一个通过不断地“数字变革循环”向更高层次演进的过程，近年来中国中铁积极推进“数字中铁”和“智慧中铁”建设，力求在实践探索中推动数字化转型向纵深发展。
第一，建设数字中铁，不断夯实数字化转型基础。目前中国中铁数字化建设的初步架构为“八大业务平台、两大数据中台、一个大数据平台”：八大平台为局部应用提供基础支撑，包括协同工作、人力资源管理、工程项目成本管理、业财共享、科技管理、经营开发、中铁鲁班电商、网络安全化态势感知和数字化管控中心等。数据中台包括“基于BIM的设计数据中台”和“工程数据中台”，能够有效聚合企业勘察设计、工程建设、运营数据，提高企业对项目全生命周期数据的分析与利用水平。大数据分析和辅助决策平台采用互联网+、大数据、物联网、GIS、BIM、VR等新技术，涵盖IT大数据、业务大数据、管理大数据、工程项目大数据、财务大数据、应急指挥大数据等，能够充分发挥数据资产在大数据分析、人工智能和业务协同等各方面潜在价值，为加速数字化转型提供有力支撑。
第二，赋能智慧建造，持续提升智能化管控水平。中国中铁大力推进“智慧工地”建设，着力提升涵盖安全、质量、进度、劳务、物资、设备等要素的智能化管控能力，推动生产现场全要素、全过程的自动感知、实时分析和自适应优化。持续规范和统一工业数据资源池，促进智能制造系统与财务共享系统、供应链系统的集成整合。实施生产制造升级计划，加快工艺改造和设备更新，推进“机械化换人”和“自动化减人”。探索盾构关键零部件的数字化制造，推进桥梁重要组件、道岔批量零部件数字化产线等示范项目。推动“智慧工厂、数字车间”建设，开展建筑工业化协同制造平台建设，积极探索工业企业协同和各环节资源的共享。
第三，推动全面集成，全面启动信息贯通工程。信息贯通工程是实现数字中铁和智慧中铁的基础工程，旨在通过对信息系统的集成整合、数据的融合共享，打破信息孤岛，形成管理协同、简单易用、决策科学高效的信息系统生态，实现“横向贯通、纵向穿透、内外互联”的数字化。推进信息贯通工程的重点是打造企业信息贯通一体化工作平台，构筑统一编码标准，统一信息安全、统一信息化服务三大支撑体系，建设全球网络通达、项目全要素闭环管理、数据资产化管控、技术接口集成规范和数据决策分析五种基础能力，把信息化建设与应用融入到企业全面管理中，以信息化升级推动管理升级和数字化转型。
三、推进数字化转型要在“致远中致胜”
数字化转型要站在未来看未来，将其作为企业长期战略任务来抓，在久久为功、行稳致远中致胜未来。
第一，坚持顶层设计和统筹推进相结合。要以编制“十四五”中长期发展规划为契机，以数字化创新为主线，兼顾实效性价值与中远期发展价值，立足实际，全局谋划，明确路径，统筹兼顾，科学制定转型升级战略规划，明确转型方向、目标和重点，协同勾画商业模式、经营模式和产业生态蓝图愿景，布局新基建和智慧城市建设。分级分类、分周期推进，确保战略、业务、技术层面协调一致，同时进行动态优化迭代，确保数字化转型按正确的轨道推进。
第二，坚持价值创造和数据驱动相结合。要聚焦企业持续发展的价值效益，建立覆盖数字化转型重大投资决策、应用决策、成效评价及绩效考核的建设与治理体系。要把数据作为提升价值链的新生产要素，着力深化数据资源开发运用，建立数据标准规范，构建数据资产管理体系。要充分挖掘数据价值，推动供应链、产业链上下游企业间数据贯通、资源共享和业务协同。要以提质增效为切入点，着力提高生产质量、效率和资产运营水平，减少企业对资源、能源等要素投入的过度依赖，更好地满足用户需求、增加附加值、提高投入产出效率。
第三，坚持数字建造与创新发展相结合。要将BIM、数字孪生、物联网、大数据等数字技术与工程建设深度融合，围绕项目全生命周期进行数字化改造，全面提升建筑智能化水平。要用好用活大数据平台和数据中台，推动各项管理要素、管理环节上云上平台，提升全面感知、实时互联、数据贯通、智能应用能力。要牢牢把握施工项目全链条这一价值创造的根基和主要矛盾点，加快理顺管理链条，推动体制机制变革，破除发展瓶颈，做好数字化改革试点和经验推广工作，为建设世界一流企业赋能赋智。
翻译：
China Railway: Seize the new opportunities of digital transformation and build a new pattern of high-quality development
Chen Yun, Party Secretary and chairman of China Railway Engineering Group Co. LTD
In today’s world, a new round of scientific and technological revolution has led to the strong rise of digital technology. Industrial digitalization and digital industrialization have become an important driving factor of the fourth Industrial revolution. Accelerating digital transformation is the strategic fulcrum for central enterprises to develop new opportunities in the crisis and open new offices in the changing situation. They should conform to the overall trend of development, strive to achieve success in the pursuit of knowledge and action, lead and drive high-quality development with industrial digitalization, and strive to take the lead in constructing digital industrial chain, cultivating digital ecology, and promoting the integrated development of digital economy and real economy.
1. Promote Digital Transformation by “promoting Knowledge and promoting action”
Digital transformation is not a simple information upgrade, but a comprehensive innovation of the enterprise value chain, organization chain, management chain, production chain, supply chain and service chain. Only by “knowing more” can we “act more faithfully”, and the road of transformation can be stable, solid and long.
First, digital transformation is an inevitable choice to drive productivity change and promote construction enterprises to the high end of the industrial chain and value chain.
At present, construction enterprises are faced with such problems as narrow profit space, low operation efficiency, weak core advantages, insufficient innovation ability, and insufficient informatization application depth, which in the final analysis is caused by the slow and uncoordinated transformation of productivity and production relations. Digital economy is a representative of emerging technologies and advanced productivity. Digital transformation will effectively guide various factors to converge to advanced productivity, promote the establishment of new production relations matching digital productivity, and promote the transformation of value creation from value chain to value network. We will foster new drivers of growth and promote new development through coordinated transformation of traditional industries and industrial chains, and mutual reinforcement of business model innovation and industrial structure upgrading.
Second, digital transformation is the inevitable choice to practice the “three transformations” and promote the high-quality development of construction enterprises.
Digital transformation is an important means to transform and enhance traditional driving forces and cultivate new ones. It has the ability to reconstruct the value of management empowerment, technology empowerment and data empowerment, which conforms to the development connotation of “three transformations”. It is helpful for construction enterprises to improve the level of refined management, lean construction and refined production, build an industrial ecology of cross-border integration of “production service + business model + financial service”, integrate the integrated management advantages of integrated project design, construction, operation and maintenance, and improve the industrial base capacity and the modernization level of industrial chain. We will accelerate high-quality development while promoting the “inner cycle” and the “double cycle”.
Third, digital transformation is the inevitable choice to cultivate global competitiveness and accelerate the construction of world-class enterprises.
At present, the global economy is in the process of replacing old drivers of growth with new ones. One of the main directions of transformation is to enhance the position and role of the digital economy in economic development and give full play to its leading, driving and transforming role in the traditional economy. Central enterprises are in the head or core position of their industry or industrial chain, shouldering the responsibility of “open pioneer” in digital transformation. They should take the initiative to build the world-class as the benchmark. Build the core competitiveness in the digital era as the main line, and take the world-class management promotion action as the carrier.
Taking the digital economy as an important driving force to promote quality change, efficiency change and power change, facing the global market competition and the forefront of industry development, re-deconstructing industrial elements, re-examining the market competition environment, re-thinking the future industry pattern, redefining the industry and finding the core competitive advantage of the enterprise in the future. We will promote enterprises to develop in a more advanced form. Better division of labor and a more reasonable structure, seize the commanding heights of future market and development, seize time advantages and digital “dividends”. And comprehensively enhance their competitiveness, voice and influence in the global market.
2. To Promote digital transformation, We should strive for the long Haul
Digital transformation is a process of evolving to a higher level through continuous “digital transformation cycle”. In recent years, China Railway actively promotes the construction of “digital China Railway” and “smart China Railway”. And strives to promote the in-depth development of digital transformation in practice and exploration.
First, we need to build a digital backbone and consolidate the foundation for digital transformation.
At present, the initial structure of China Railway digital construction is “eight business platforms, two data platforms and one big data platform” : Eight platforms provide basic support for local applications, including collaborative work, human resource management, project cost management, industry and finance sharing, science and technology management, operation and development, China Railway Luban E-commerce, network security situational awareness and digital control center.
Data center includes “BIM based design data center” and “engineering data center”. Which can effectively aggregate enterprise survey and design, engineering construction, operation data. And improve the level of enterprise’s analysis and utilization of project lifecycle data. The big data analysis and auxiliary decision-making platform adopts Internet +, big data, Internet of Things, GIS, BIM, VR and other new technologies, covering IT big data, business big data, management big data, engineering big data, financial big data, emergency command big data, etc. Which can give full play to the potential value of data assets in big data analysis, artificial intelligence, business collaboration and other aspects. Provide strong support for accelerating digital transformation.
Second, enable intelligent construction and continuously improve the level of intelligent management and control.
China Railway vigorously promotes the construction of “smart site”, focusing on improving the intelligent management and control ability covering safety, quality, schedule, labor, materials, equipment and other factors, and promoting the automatic perception, real-time analysis and adaptive optimization of all factors and the whole process of production site. Continue to standardize and unify the industrial data resource pool. And promote the integration of intelligent manufacturing system with financial sharing system and supply chain system.
We will implement the production and manufacturing upgrading plan, speed up process transformation and equipment updating. And promote “mechanized replacement of personnel” and “automatic reduction of personnel”. We will explore the digital manufacturing of key components of shield. And promote demonstration projects such as the digital production line of mass components of bridge and switch. We will promote the construction of “smart factories and digital workshops”, develop collaborative manufacturing platforms for building industrialization. And actively explore cooperation among industrial enterprises and resource sharing at all links.
Third, to promote comprehensive integration and fully start the information transmissioning project.
The information through project is the basic project to realize the digital and intelligent iron. It aims to break the information isolated island through the integration and integration of information systems and the integration and sharing of data, to form an information system ecology of coordinated management, easy to use, scientific and efficient decision-making. And to realize the digitalization of “horizontal through, vertical through and internal and external interconnection”. The key to promote the information connectivity project is to build an integrated working platform for enterprise information connectivity. Build three supporting systems of unified coding standards, unified information security and unified information service. And build five basic capabilities of global network access, project all-factor closed-loop management, data asset management and control, technology interface integration specifications and data decision analysis. Integrate informationization construction and application into the overall management of enterprises. And promote management upgrading and digital transformation with informationization upgrading.
3. To Promote Digital transformation, We should Win in the Long Run.
Digital transformation should look at the future from the perspective of the future. Take it as a long-term strategic task of the enterprise. And win the future in a long time for success, stability and long-term development.
First, we need to combine top-level design with overall planning.
We should take the preparation of the mid – and long-term development plan of the 14th Five-Year Plan as an opportunity. Take digital innovation as the main line, give consideration to the practical value and the mid – and long-term development value. It base on the actual situation, make overall plans, clarify the path and overall consideration, formulate the strategic plan of transformation and upgrading scientifically, clarify the transformation direction, objectives and key points. And jointly sketch out the blueprint vision of business model, business model and industrial ecology. We will develop new infrastructure and smart cities. It is promoted by classification and cycle to ensure the coordination of strategy, business and technology. At the same time, dynamic optimization and iteration are carried out to ensure that the digital transformation is promoted on the right track.
Second, adhere to the combination of value creation and data-driven.
It is necessary to focus on the value and benefit of sustainable development of enterprises. And establish a construction and governance system covering major investment decisions, application decisions, effectiveness evaluation and performance evaluation of digital transformation. We should take data as a new factor of production to move up the value chain, deepen the development and application of data resources, establish data standards and norms, and build a data asset management system. We need to fully tap the value of data. And promote data integration, resource sharing and business collaboration among enterprises in the supply chain and upstream and downstream of the industrial chain. We should focus on improving the quality and efficiency of production and asset operation. Reduce the over-reliance of enterprises on resources, energy and other factors of input, and better meet the needs of users. Increase added value, and improve the efficiency of input-output.
Third, we need to combine digital construction with innovative development.
BIM, digital twin, Internet of Things, big data and other digital technologies should be deeply integrated with engineering construction, digital transformation should be carried out around the whole life cycle of projects. And the intelligent level of buildings should be comprehensively improved. We need to make good use of big data platforms and data-in-between platforms, promote the integration of all management elements and links into the cloud and platforms. And enhance our capabilities in overall perception, real-time connectivity, data integration, and intelligent application.
We should firmly grasp the whole chain of construction projects. Which is the foundation of value creation and the main contradiction point, speed up the straightening out of the management chain, promote the reform of the system and mechanism, break the bottleneck of development, do a good job in the pilot of digital reform and the dissemination of experience. So as to build a world-class enterprise with ability and wisdom.
文章来源：https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/1ZfdnfPna-nTYwDqKNoQNQ
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